四川康定-冕宁地区变质侵入岩的地球化学及Nd同位素研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李大鹏  陈岳龙  罗照华  赵俊香 《岩石学报》2008,24(6):1251-1260

通过对四川康定-冕宁地区出露的康定杂岩中基性、中性、酸性岩岩石学、微量元素地球化学、Sm-Nd同位素等多方面系统研究,确定这套岩石形成于岛弧环境.Sm-Nd同位素未能形成等时线,说明可能岩石形成后经历了较高温度的热扰动,εNd(t)大于零,表明样品可能来源于一个较为亏损的地幔,其亏损地幔模式年龄集中在1.2～1.4Ga.通过对该区岩石的AFC(同化混染结晶分离)过程模拟,说明岛弧岩浆形成后分离结晶时同化混染围岩,中-酸性深成岩体是残留岩浆,约为原始岩浆量的60%,其结晶形成的混染速率与结晶速率比值约0.9.  相似文献   

浙江青田花岗岩中岩石包体特征及成因   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7  

董传万  彭亚鸣 《岩石矿物学杂志》1992,11(1):21-31

浙江青田燕山晚期黑云母花岗岩中有许多石英闪长质岩石包体,它们大小不一,形态各异,以微细粒结构、具冷凝边构造、并发育针状磷灰石为特征。岩石包体与寄主花岗岩的主要氧化物、微量元素的变化趋势呈线性关系。岩石学、矿物学、岩石化学及地球化学等特征的研究表明,石英闪长质岩石包体属淬冷包体,由玄武质岩浆和花岗质岩浆通过不均匀的混合作用而形成。  相似文献   

Temporal changes in pelagic copepod assemblages off Ubatuba,Brazil          下载免费PDF全文

Mauro Melo Júnior  Catarina R. Marcolin  Leonardo K. Miyashita  Rubens M. Lopes 《Marine Ecology》2016,37(4):877-890

The inner shelf waters off Southeastern Brazil are periodically enriched by bottom intrusions of the cold and nutrient‐rich South Atlantic Central Water (SACW), which is transported offshore by the Brazil Current. This study examined the temporal contrasts in abundance and structure of pelagic copepod assemblages in a neritic station off Ubatuba, in relation to hydrography and phytoplankton biomass, to investigate the effects of SACW bottom intrusions on copepod population dynamics during three consecutive years. The water‐column characteristics shifted from a well‐mixed, more turbid and phytoplankton‐poor scenario during subsidence conditions to a stratified, less turbid and high Chl‐a concentration scenario during SACW bottom intrusions, leading to increased copepod diversity, abundance, and biomass. The rise in copepod diversity during SACW intrusions was related to the contribution of oceanic species in addition to coastal water species. The copepod community was numerically dominated by small‐sized species, such as Oncaea waldemari, Oithona plumifera, and clausocalanid and paracalanid copepodids, regardless of seasonality and SACW intrusions. Some large calanoid species contributed considerably to the total copepod biomass during intrusions. In addition to confirming that SACW seasonal intrusions play a key role in pelagic processes off Southeast Brazil, this study showed that the multiannual variability of SACW seasonal intrusions is important in regulating the structure and dynamics of copepod communities in this subtropical area.  相似文献   

Community ecology of the metazoan parasites of snoek Thyrsites atun (Euphrasen, 1791) (Perciformes: Gempylidae) off South Africa     

MAI Nunkoo  CC Reed  SE Kerwath 《African Journal of Marine Science》2016,38(3):363-371

The parasite assemblage of snoek Thyrsites atun, a commercially important fish in the Benguela system, was examined over a one-year period. In all, 16 parasite taxa including eight new host records (Bolbosoma vasculosum, Caligus coryphaenae, Caligus dakari, Corynosoma australe, Hatschekia conifera, Nothobomolochus fradei, Rhadinorhynchus cadenati, Tentacularia coryphaenae) and four new locality records (B. vasculosum, C. dakari, Molicola uncinatus, Pseudoterranova sp.) were recovered from 210 specimens. The dominance of larval helminths in the component community suggests that T. atun occupies an intermediate position in the food web. The ‘nestedness metric based on overlap and decreasing fill’ (NODF) indicated that the parasite assemblage exhibited no nestedness (NODF = 73.3, p = 0.103). Generalised additive mixed modelling results indicated that host length is the main determinant of parasite species richness in T. atun. PERMANOVA and ANOSIM suggested that infracommunity structure varied little with respect to the sex, length, seasonality and capture region of the host. The stability and randomness in parasite acquisition, as indicated by the lack of nestedness of the parasite assemblage, can be ascribed to the opportunistic feeding behaviour and nomadic movement of T. atun in the southern Benguela. The homogeneity of the community structure of long-lived endoparasites suggests that a single T. atun stock occurs off South Africa.  相似文献   

Nonlinear aspects of sea surface temperature in Monterey Bay     

Laurence C. Breaker 《Progress in Oceanography》2006,69(1):61-89

Nonlinear aspects of sea surface temperature (SST) in Monterey Bay are examined, based on an 85-year record of daily observations from Pacific Grove, California. Oceanic processes that affect the waters of Monterey Bay are described, processes that could contribute to nonlinearity in the record. Exploratory data analysis reveals that the record at Pacific Grove is non-Gaussian and, most likely, nonstationary. A more recent test for stationarity based on a power law approximation to the slope of the power spectrum indicates that the record is stationary for frequencies up to ∼8 cycles per year (∼45 days), but nonstationary at higher frequencies. To examine the record at Pacific Grove for nonlinear behavior, third-order statistics, including the skewness, statistical measures of asymmetry, the bicorrelation, and the bispectrum, were employed. The bicorrelation revealed maxima located approximately 365 days apart, reflecting a nonlinear contribution to the annual cycle. Based on a 365-day moving window, the running skewness is positive almost 80% of the time, reflecting the overall impact of warming influences. The asymmetry is positive approximately 75% of the time, consistent with the asymmetric shape of the mean annual cycle. Based on the skewness and asymmetry, nonlinearities in the record, when they occur, appear to be event-driven with time scales possibly as short as several days, to several years. In many cases, these events are related to warm water intrusions into the bay, and El Niño warming episodes.The power spectrum indicates that the annual cycle is a dominant source of variability in the record and that there is a relatively strong semiannual component as well. To determine whether or not the annual and semiannual cycles are harmonically related, the bispectrum and bicoherence were calculated. The bispectrum is nonzero, providing a strong indication of nonlinearity in the record. The bicoherence indicates that the annual cycle is a major source of nonlinearity and further implies that the annual and semiannual cycles are harmonically related. Based on the wavelet power spectrum (WPS), the appearance of the semiannual cycle is transitory; however, pathways between the annual and semiannual cycles appear at certain times when nonlinear interaction between them could occur. Comparisons between the WPS and the running skewness suggest that there is a tendency for periods when pathways exist, to coincide with increased positive skewness, and, often, with El Niño warming episodes. The Hilbert-Huang transform, a relatively new tool for nonstationary and nonlinear spectral analysis, was used to further examine the origin of the semiannual cycle. The time-dependent Hilbert spectrum reveals large and erratic variations in frequency associated with semiannual cycle but far greater stability associated with the annual cycle. As a result, the time-integrated Hilbert spectrum does not indicate the presence of a semiannual cycle. The method of surrogates from the field of nonlinear dynamics was also employed to test the Hopkins record for nonlinearity. Differences between the data and the surrogates were found that were statistically significant, implying the existence of nonlinearity in the record. Using the method of surrogates together with a one-year moving window, El Niño warming episodes appear to be a likely source of nonlinearity, consistent with the other analyses that were performed. Finally, the influence of stochastic variability due to serial correlation in the data was examined by comparing standardized statistics for the observations and for simulations based on an autoregressive model whose properties were obtained from the observations. The magnitude of the variability for the simulations was found to be far less than that associated with the original data, and thus stochastic variability does not appear to be a factor that significantly affects the interpretation of our results.  相似文献   

Seasonal Variation in Host Utilization of Epiphytic Lacuna Species in Mixed Algal and Surfgrass Stands in Japan     

Makoto Kanamori  Seiji Goshima  & Hiroshi Mukai 《Marine Ecology》2004,25(1):51-69

Abstract.  On the subtidal rocky shore of Akkeshi Bay, Hokkaido, Japan, the congeneric phytal gastropods, Lacuna uchidai and L. decorata , inhabit the multispecific vegetation consisting of the surfgrass, Phyllospadix iwatensis and the brown alga, Cystoseira hakodatensis . We studied the phenologies of Phyllospadix and Cystoseira , host utilization patterns and life histories of Lacuna spp. to examine how these gastropods accommodate the seasonal fluctuations of the habitat. The preferences for macrophyte by Lacuna spp. were examined by laboratory experiments. The phenologies of macrophytes, the seasonal and between-substrata variations of Lacuna spp. were examined by monthly sampling from Phyllospadix and Cystoseira beds between May 1999 and May 2000. Lacuna uchidai showed significant preference for Phyllospadix , whereas L. decorata had no preference for a particular substratum. Most L. uchidai were collected from the Phyllospadix bed, however L. decorata appeared in both Phyllospadix and Cystoseira beds. The peak of new recruit of L. uchidai coincided with that of Phyllospadix biomass. The synchronization of life cycle with the phenology of the host may be adaptive for using the limited habitat. Seasonal variation in density of L. decorata coincided with neither patterns for Phyllospadix nor Cystoseira . Seasonal variation in density and size frequency distribution suggested L. decorata migrated among adjacent macrophytes. Although it was a little vague, this hypothesis was probably the best explanation of our results. Our study shows that two co-occurring Lacuna species utilize the macrophytes as habitats by the different life histories and utilization patterns and, may be alternatively accommodated to the seasonal fluctuations of their habitats.  相似文献   

Mafic peperite from the Gold Creek Volcanics in the Middle Proterozoic McArthur Basin,Northern Territory     

D. J. Rawlings 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(2):109-113

Peperite is a non‐genetic term used to describe volcanic breccia in which a texture of dark blocks in a light matrix resembles a mixture of salt and pepper. In the Gold Creek Volcanics, peperite is a mixture of partly vesiculated basalt clasts in a mudstone‐sandstone matrix. It is formed by the buoyant intrusion of basaltic magma into wet unconsolidated sediment. The intruding bodies deform and quench, giving rise to discordant masses of hyaloclastic breccia, confined largely to the subsurface. These basalt masses may remain hot enough to locally superheat pore water and produce convective systems where the basalt clasts and fluidized sediment become mixed, forming the distinctive peperite.  相似文献   

浙江中生代浅成热液金银成矿系统的自组织与耗散结构     

胡永和  朱兴盛  麻土华 《浙江国土资源》2000,(2)

浙江中生代浅成热液金银矿床多具明显的热液蚀变 (矿化 )分带—自组织结构。通过对围岩蚀变—矿化过程中的W /R(水 /岩 )比值、元素的带出 (λ)量[EO(I)A] ,熵变 (ΔS)、成矿成岩时差(Δti)和S°298/di(标准熵 /离子密度 )比值、盐度 (St)、P(压力 )、fs2(硫逸度 )和fo2(氧逸度 )、δ18OH2O 和δD、206Pb/204Pb和207Pb/204Pb值等变化的研究 ,表明浅成热液金银成矿系统是一个非平衡 (距热力学平衡态有一定距离 )的开放系统 ,矿床都是在开放环境下成矿流体通过能量的不断耗散并与围岩发生物质交换的一种自组织过程中形成的 ,具耗散结构的特征。一般W/R、EO(I)A和Δti与S°298/di∝MSOD(成矿系统开放程度 )。也就是说 ,围岩蚀变 -矿化过程中W /R比值、元素的带出(入 )量和Δti与S°298/di比值及ΔS值较大 ,一般成矿系统的开放程度也较高 ,成矿一般也较有利  相似文献   

东昆仑成矿带岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床成矿地质条件与成矿规律     

李良  孙丰月  李世金  李碧乐  钱烨  王超  赵拓飞  禹禄  王冠  霍亮  王力  张雅静  王琳琳  李浩然  闫佳铭  李予晋  张得鑫  杨延乾  王维 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2022,52(5):1461-1496

东昆仑成矿带是我国重要的Au-Cu-Co-Ni-Fe-Pb-Zn及其他多金属成矿带,2011年夏日哈木超大型镍矿床的发现使东昆仑一跃成为我国重要的铜镍资源基地。经过多年的勘查,东昆仑成矿带Cu-Ni找矿取得了较大突破,陆续发现了一批具有较大找矿潜力的岩体,如石头坑德、阿克楚克塞、浪木日和尕牙河等岩体。笔者依据近些年研究的成果对东昆仑成矿带岩浆铜镍矿床的成矿规律和成矿特征作初步总结,并指出下一步找矿方向。形成的主要认识如下：东昆仑造山带至少发生了4期强度不等的Cu-Ni-Co-(PGE)成矿事件,分别为寒武纪—奥陶纪（535~445 Ma）、志留纪—泥盆纪（440~394 Ma）、二叠纪—早三叠世（271~239 Ma）与晚三叠世（233~208 Ma）,其中志留纪—泥盆纪的岩体数量最多、矿化率最高,产出的矿床数量多、规模也最大,而其他期次岩体的数量少、规模小与矿化弱;与其他成矿期的岩体零星分布于整个东昆仑成矿带不同,志留纪—泥盆纪岩体严格产在昆中断裂以北,又以昆中带数量最多,丛聚性明显;成矿具有显著的专属性,成矿岩体均以杂岩体产出,岩相发育齐全,富含贵橄榄石和斜方辉石的超镁铁质岩是最重要的含矿岩石,多属于铁质超基性岩;原始岩浆起源于软流圈地幔的大比例部分熔融,地壳物质混染是硫化物饱和的关键因素;志留纪—泥盆纪岩体找矿潜力最大,主要分布在昆中带,是今后找矿勘查的主攻方向和区域,其他期次找矿潜力较小,但仍需进一步评价寒武纪—奥陶纪岩体的Cu-PGE含矿性。  相似文献   

东昆仑夏日哈木超大型岩浆镍钴硫化物矿床成矿特征     

张照伟  王亚磊  邵继  李文渊 《矿床地质》2021,40(6):1230-1247

超大型岩浆镍钴硫化物矿床的形成多与大陆裂谷或地幔柱活动密切相关,是何种机制促使深部幔源金属元素超常富集于东昆仑造山带而形成超大型岩浆镍钴硫化物矿床呢?文章通过剖析夏日哈木岩体及矿体基本特征,发现赋矿岩体整体呈东宽西窄的楔状体,以富集轻稀土元素、贫重稀土元素以及Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等高场强元素的亏损为特征,镍钴矿体主要富集于辉石岩和橄榄岩中,西段矿石富,东段矿石贫,矿石品位与橄榄石含量呈正相关关系.精细矿物学研究发现,寄主矿物"巨型"斜方辉石所包裹的橄榄石Fo值及Ni含量从核部到边部均增高,揭示含矿岩相侵入过程中可能存在至少2次岩浆活动.由橄榄石和铬尖晶石成分分析,推测夏日哈木母岩浆为低Ti、高Mg的拉斑玄武质岩浆,可能起源于软流圈地幔.结合区域构造演化和岩体形成时代,认为东昆仑夏日哈木镁铁-超镁铁质岩体形成于伸展环境,深部部分熔融形成的岩浆多次脉冲上涌叠加,地壳混染对硫化物达到饱和具有关键作用,于柴达木盆地南缘东昆仑造山带中构造薄弱部位成岩成矿,可能是伴随古特提斯洋演化开始大陆裂解岩浆镍钴成矿响应的表现.该认识对丰富造山带中的岩浆镍钴硫化物矿床成矿理论研究、拓宽岩浆镍钴矿床找矿空间与潜力、支撑并指导区域找矿新突破,具有重要作用.  相似文献