水平定向钻进铺管技术在盐碱地改良中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

何计彬  潘德元  李炳平  叶成明  范孔岳 《探矿工程》2016,43(10):139-144

土壤盐碱化作为一种渐进性环境地质灾害,已严重制约着人类生活与社会经济的发展,对盐碱地实施改良和微咸水开发利用已成为世界关注的热点。以往的盐碱地改良多用明渠、暗管排水、暗管结合大口径竖井抽排、种植耐碱性植物等方法,明渠及埋设暗管对地表的开挖破坏性极大、且排水量及适用深度有限、植物改良存在周期长、费时费力等诸多缺点。水平定向钻进铺管技术可将滤水管以水平或近似水平安装在含水层中（水平井）,可垂直于含水层流向长距离铺设,与传统改良方式相比能获得较大的出水量、成本低、且施工对环境影响小等诸多优势,工程实例证明,该施工工艺技术为盐碱地改良、地下咸水开发利用、浅层低渗透性地下水资源开采等提供了较理想的工艺方法。  相似文献   

定向钻进敷设电缆保护管轨迹优化设计研究          下载免费PDF全文

魏志强 《探矿工程》2016,43(12):85-89

在老旧城区内采用定向钻进敷设地下管线,常常需要从已有的各类地下建（构）筑物或管线下方穿过,方案设计时就应考虑新建管道与之安全距离的取值问题。以厦门市某110 kV电力电缆的定向钻进工程的实际需求为出发点,在对国内现有规程规范及工程实例调查的基础上,对电力电缆保护管定向钻进敷设安全距离取值的影响因素进行分析,优化工程定向钻进敷设方案,指导该工程的建设,并为类似工程建设提供参考。  相似文献   

Leachate studies on fly ash-stabilised expansive clay liners     

M. Uma Shankar 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2016,11(2):114-118

This paper presents leachate studies on fly ash-stabilised expansive clay liners. Fly ash in different contents (0%, 10%, 20% and 30%) by dry weight of the expansive clay was added to the clay, and the ash-clay blend was compacted as a liner overlying a compacted lateritic clay layer. Deionised water (DIW) and calcium chloride (CaCl₂) solutions of varying concentration (5 mM, 10 mM, 20 mM, 50 mM, 100 mM and 500 mM) were used as the permeating fluids in the leachate studies. Chemical analysis of the leachate was performed. For a given CaCl₂ concentration, the concentrations of both calcium ion and chloride ion in the leachate decreased up to a fly ash content of 20%, and thereafter they increased when the fly ash content was increased to 30%. Further, for a given fly ash content, concentrations of calcium ion and chloride ion increased with increasing CaCl₂ concentration.  相似文献   

Geotechnical Hybrid Simulation to Investigate the Effects of the Hydraulic Conductivity on One-Dimensional Consolidation Settlement     

Youngcheul Kwon 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2016,34(3):219-233

Difficulties in the prediction of time-distribution of consolidation settlement will be introduced by using the Murayama test embankment case of Japan. In particular, it will be discussed why the prediction of consolidation rate is difficult in multi-layered soil with complex and variable mechanical properties like organic soil or peat. It can be inferred that uncertainties, which are embedded intricately in the consolidation problem as well as given ground condition, would be major causes for consolidation settlement. After that, the author focused on the movement of pore water under the various conditions of hydraulic conductivity in the soils, and how it can affect the time-distribution of the consolidation settlement. For the applied key methodology on the consolidation settlement problem, we propose the hybrid consolidation simulation controlling the movement of pore water with high accuracy and, finally, the aim of this article is to discuss the methodological approaches obtained by the study, including the basic concept and accurate movement of pore water under various conditions of soil layers and hydraulic conductivity.  相似文献   

Numerical Analysis of Gravity Coring Using Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian Method and a New Corer     

Huawei Qin  Zhen Cai  Jianjun Wang  Wei Ye  Ying Chen 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2016,34(5):403-408

The shortcomings of gravity corers in sampling marine sediments have been observed extensively in various field tests. In order to optimize the coring, this article provides an alternative numerical way to model the gravity coring and analyze the sampling effect. Based on this analysis, a new hydraulic hammer corer is devised. A coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian method with capability of simulating the problem involving extreme deformation, penetration is used to simulate the coring process. The results show that the hydrostatic pressure and deviator stress increase and reach their peak when the pile tip is slightly above or at the level of the observation point and then drop rapidly when the pile tip slides below the observation point. In addition, the stress path indicates that the soil element sustains plastic compression before yielding and then expands until recovering to the original state. The obvious “under-sampling” phenomenon is also well-captured by the finite element model.  相似文献   

腐蚀管道在内压和轴向压力影响下的弯曲破坏     

高杰  李昕  周晶 《海洋工程》2016,34(6):74-82

运行在恶劣环境中的海底管道,往往受到内压、轴力和弯矩等复杂荷载的联合作用。腐蚀会导致管壁局部变薄,降低管道极限承载力。为保证管道安全高效运行,准确预测和分析复杂荷载作用下的塑性极限承载力和变形行为就显得尤为重要。考虑大应变和大变形、应力强化和材料非线性,运用数值仿真软件建立腐蚀缺陷管道的三维实体有限元模型,在全尺寸管道破坏试验验证的基础上,对腐蚀管道在内压、轴向压力和弯矩相互作用下的失效模式和极限弯矩承载力进行了相关研究,并进行了腐蚀缺陷几何参数的敏感性分析。研究结果表明:初始内压和初始轴向压力会显著降低腐蚀管道的极限弯矩承载力,并且影响最终的失效模式;在腐蚀缺陷几何尺寸参数中,腐蚀宽度比腐蚀深度和腐蚀长度的影响更大。  相似文献   

Is Ziarat a Potential Site for Conventional or Unconventional Energy Resources?     

Sarfraz KHAN  Umair Bin NISAR  Khawar A. AHMED  Muhammad WASEEM  Waqas AHMED 《《地质学报》英文版》2018,92(4):1544-1557

A structural interpretation of the Ziarat block in the Balochistan region (a part of the Suleiman Fold and Thrust Belt) has been carried out using seismic and seismological data. Seismic data consists of nine 2.5D pre‐stack migrated seismic lines, whereas the seismological data covers the Fault Plane Solution and source parameters. Structural interpretation describes two broad fault sets of fore and back thrusts in the study area that have resulted in the development of pop‐up structures, accountable for the structural traps and seismicity pattern in terms of seismic hazard. Seismic interpretation includes time and depth contour maps of the Dungan Formation and Ranikot group, while seismological interpretation includes Fault Plane Solution, that is correlated with a geological and structural map of the area for the interpretation of the nature of the subsurface faults. Principal stresses are also estimated for the Ranikot group and Dungan Formation. In order to calculate anisotropic elastic properties, the parameters of the rock strength of the formations are first determined from seismic data, along with the dominant stresses (vertical, minimum horizontal, and maximum horizontal). The differential ratio of the maximum and minimum horizontal stresses is obtained to indicate optimal zones for hydraulic fracturing, and to assess the potential for geothermal energy reservoir prospect generation. The stress maps indicate high values towards the deeper part of the horizon, and low towards the shallower part, attributed to the lithological and structural variation in the area. Outcomes of structural interpretation indicate a good correlation of structure and tectonics from both seismological and seismic methods.  相似文献   

钻井利器的故事之“铝合金钻杆”          下载免费PDF全文

梁健  尹浩  张金昌  孙建华  冯起增 《探矿工程》2018,45(5):1-3

地球科学的发展对地球深部数据的依赖程度越来越高,作为“入地”重要手段的科学超深井工程是研究深部地质学的重要方法,被誉为是“伸入地壳的望远镜”。与钢钻杆相比,铝合金钻杆以其独特的优越性(质量轻、比强度高、钻进深度深、所需能耗少),已成为难进入地区、大位移井、超深井等钻柱设计的优选方案。本文从科普的角度介绍了钻柱与钻杆的区别、钻柱的使用极限长度、铝合金钻杆的技术优势及其现存的不足之处,以此提高对铝合金钻杆的认识,促进铝合金钻杆的研究和发展。  相似文献   

FD-600全液压动力头反循环连续取样钻机研制与应用     

刘智荣  伍晓龙  王庆晓 《探矿工程》2018,45(3):62-67

文章结合国内外CSR取心技术的现状和所生产钻机的特点,为满足国内对空气反循环连续取样（心）、冲击回转、定向钻进等多种高效钻探工艺对钻机的需要,从钻机整体结构设计、整体布局进行详细考量,采用质量可靠的液压件、动力机等外购件,摒弃传统钻机设计周期长、动力小、机械化程度低、对地形和钻探工艺适应性低等特点,研制出了一台高效、可靠、机械化程度较高的FD-600型全液压动力头式反循环取样钻机。在3次野外生产试验中充分体现出了优越性,可满足砂金勘探、工程施工等取心钻探的要求。  相似文献   

极地深部冰层取心钻探孔壁水压致裂研究          下载免费PDF全文

张晗  陈晨  Pavel Talalay  毛建设  刘书源  靳成才  宛召 《探矿工程》2018,45(11):5-11

为了维护极地深部冰层取心钻探工作中钻孔的稳定,避免孔内事故的发生,冰层孔壁的水压致裂问题是亟待解决的重要科学问题之一。本文在深入分析国内外冰层钻探资料的基础上,结合冰盖动力学相关理论,计算得出了钻孔所在区域冰层的密度、温度及内部应力随深度的变化规律。在此基础上,结合油气资源勘探水力压裂技术与冰层钻进钻井液等相关理论,建立了合理的孔壁压差计算方法,深入探讨了适用于深部冰层钻探孔壁水压致裂机理。研制了冰层钻孔水压致裂模拟实验装置,可分析研究不同围压条件下冰样的脆性变形机理。结合我国Dome A深冰心钻探工程实际,提出钻孔可能发生水压致裂的深度区域及孔壁所需的起始裂纹长度判定,以期为后续的安全高效冰层钻进提供重要的理论依据。  相似文献