桂江上游水化学特征变化及离子来源分析——以桂林断面为例     

杜文越  何若雪  何师意  孙平安  莫建英  覃新行  于奭 《中国岩溶》2017,36(2):207-214

本文根据2013年10月至2015年4月桂江桂林站的采样分析数据,讨论桂江上游的水化学组成及河水离子的主要来源。结果表明,研究区河水水化学类型为HCO3-Ca型,HCO3-和Ca2+是主要的阴阳离子,主要来源于流域内碳酸对碳酸盐岩的风化溶解,河水主要离子浓度受流量变化的影响,呈现出冬高夏低的趋势。同时,流域内硫酸也参与了碳酸盐岩的风化。此外,虽然流域内碳酸盐岩仅少量分布,但河水水化学特征仍受碳酸盐岩和硅酸盐岩的共同控制。主成分分析结果表明,第一因子贡献率为38.8%,与K+、Na+、Mg2+、Cl-、SO42-、NO3-相关性较大,在本研究中代表人类活动及大气沉降的影响,其中NO3-主要来源于流域内农业活动的面源污染;第二因子贡献率为28.2%,与HCO3-和Ca2+相关性大,代表碳酸盐岩的溶解;第三因子没有明显具有高载荷的指标。   相似文献   

济南趵突泉泉域岩溶水化学特征时空差异性研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

高帅  李常锁  贾超  孙斌  张海林  逄伟 《地质学报》2019,93(S1):61-70

水文地球化学一直是水文地质领域的研究重点,而地下水化学组分的时空变化特征受多种因素的影响。为了掌握济南趵突泉泉域岩溶地下水水化学特征时空差异性,本文分别于枯、丰水期在泉域内采集并分析了岩溶地下水样品,并采用数理统计、Piper三线图、Gibbs图解法及离子比例系数法等分析手段,对研究区岩溶地下水水化学特征及时空差异性进行了研究。结果显示,研究区地下水优势阳离子为Ca,优势阴离子为HCO3,丰水期除HCO3外,其他离子的变异系数较枯水期普遍升高,且大于05,表现出丰水期空间差异性增大的特点。地下水水化学类型具有以HCO3·SO4- Ca为主,多种类型并存的特点。Ca、Mg、HCO3含量在枯、丰水期比值要小于1,且比其他离子要相对稳定,呈现出全局性特点。而Na、K含量在枯、丰水期比值波动较大,大部分比值大于1,Cl、SO4、NO3含量在枯、丰水期比值具有波动剧烈的特点,呈现出区域性特征,同时表明人类活动大大改变了研究区地下水水化学场的分布特征。  相似文献   

土壤改良对土壤水水化学及碳酸盐岩溶蚀的CO2净消耗量的影响     

吴泽燕  罗为群  蒋忠诚  章程  胡兆鑫  曹建华 《中国岩溶》2019,38(1):60-69

为研究利用滤泥与不同有机肥搭配对岩溶土壤进行改良增加无机碳汇的最佳实施方案,在果化示范区开展了滤泥、滤泥+秸秆+沼液和滤泥+秸秆+牛粪等三种土壤改良方案试验,在各个改良地和对照地埋放标准溶蚀试片和土壤水收集器,测试一年试片溶蚀速率和不同月份土壤水主要阴阳离子浓度。结果表明:滤泥中含有大量钙盐和硫酸盐,导致土壤水类型为Ca-SO4。各个改良地和对照地土壤水中参与岩溶作用的[Ca2+ +Mg2+ ]/HCO3-（当量浓度）均大于1,表明外源酸参与了土壤中碳酸盐岩溶蚀。施肥高峰期,试验区本底土壤CO2净消耗量出现负值,原因是硝化作用产生的H+与土壤水中HCO3-发生脱气作用,导致CO2从水中逸出。单施滤泥改良后,滤泥有机酸显著提高了试片溶蚀速率,但土壤水pH值降低,H+的大量存在导致脱气作用加剧,年均碳酸贡献率为-0.32,年均减少CO2净消耗量0.66 mmol·L-1。滤泥配施秸秆和牛粪引起8月脱气作用加剧,其他月份同样削弱了脱气作用,最终导致CO2年均净消耗量几乎不变。滤泥配施秸秆和沼液大大削弱了单施滤泥引起的脱气作用,同时减小了土壤中碳酸盐岩溶蚀速率的增强程度,最终导致CO2年均净消耗量增加了0.065 mmol·L-1,该方案为最佳增加无机碳汇的实施方案。   相似文献   

A microcontroller‐based data‐logger design for seasonal hydrochemical studies     

Jerry D. Davis  Glenn A. Davis 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2001,26(10):1151-1159

Detailed studies of seasonal patterns of karst processes are rare in remote regions with limited winter access. An important aspect of erosional and environmental processes is how these change over time, and how they relate to annual cycles of temperature, precipitation and runoff. Such measurements have consistently proved difficult in remote alpine areas, resulting in a paucity of continuous data from these environments. An automated data‐logger installation designed to perform under difficult conditions, including limited sunlight for solar recharge, heavy snowfall and disturbance by bears, has provided four years of data at a 2‐hour sampling interval of electrical conductivity (used to predict solute concentration), water level (used to predict discharge) and temperature, at the Marble Mountains karst resurgence, California, USA. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Stable Carbon Isotope Geochemical and Hydrochemical Features in the System of Carbonate-H_2O-CO_2 and Their Implications—Evidence from Several Typical Karst Areas of China   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Liu Zaihu  Yuan Daoxian  He Shiyi Institute of Karst Geology  Qixing Rd.  Guilin  Guangxi 《《地质学报》英文版》1997,71(4):446-454

On the basis of hydrochemical observation and experimental calculation, the features of stable carbon isotope geochemistry in the karst dynamic systems of the Guilin Karst Experimental Site, Huanglong Ravine and Wujiangdu Dam Site are summarized in this study. Furthermore, an attempt has been made to solve several geochemical problems, such as the origin of CO2 in the system, kinetic fractionation of carbon isotopes during calcite deposition, hydrochemistry and formation of tufa, and carbon-14 dating of tufa of hydrothermal origin. The results show that three kinds of karst dynamic system can be distinguished: (1) the shallow system, such as the Guilin Karst Experimental Site, in which soil CO2 provides the an active agent for karst processes; (2) the geothermal system, such as the Huanglong Ravine, in which metamorphic or/ and juvenile CO, is the source of activity for karst; (3) the anthropogenic system, such as the Wujiangdu Dam Site, in which the stable carbon isotope geochemical and hydrochemical f  相似文献   

指示娘子关泉群水动力环境的水化学—同位素信息分析   总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13  

王焰新  高红波 《水文地质工程地质》1997,24(3):1-5,9

本文依据宏量组分、微量元素和氢氧同位氧组成监测资料，分析了娘子关泉群水动力环境及其水文地质演化趋势。除国家和城西泉主要排泄局部流动系统的地下水外，其它各泉均为不同空间尺度流动系统地下水混合、排泄之产物。在人类活动影响下，娘子关泉群水质恶化，流量衰减，水帘洞、程家泉断流，城西、坡底泉也面临断流之危险。目前抽取的水帘洞泉的水资源量组成已与五龙泉和苇泽关泉相似，以区域和中间流动系统地下水为主。  相似文献   

Hydrogeology of a fractured shale (Opalinus Clay): Implications for deep geological disposal of radioactive wastes     

Andreas Gautschi 《Hydrogeology Journal》2001,9(1):97-107

As part of the Swiss programme for high-level radioactive-waste disposal, a Jurassic shale (Opalinus Clay) is being investigated as a potential host rock. Observations in clay pits and the results of a German research programme focusing on hazardous waste disposal have demonstrated that, at depths of 10–30 m, the permeability of the Opalinus Clay decreases by several orders of magnitude. Hydraulic tests in deeper boreholes (test intervals below 300 m) yielded hydraulic conductivities <10^–12 m/s, even though joints and faults were included in some of the test intervals. These measurements are consistent with hydrogeological data from Opalinus Clay sections in ten tunnels in the Folded Jura of northern Switzerland. Despite extensive faulting, only a few indications of minor water inflow were encountered in more than 6,600 m of tunnel. All inflows were in tunnel sections where the overburden is less than 200 m. The hydraulic data are consistent with clay pore-water hydrochemical and isotopic data. The extensive hydrogeological data base – part of which derives from particularly unfavourable geological environments – provides arguments that advective transport through faults and joints is not a critical issue for the suitability of Opalinus Clay as a host rock for deep geological waste disposal. Electronic Publication  相似文献   

A geochemical and geophysical approach to derive a conceptual circulation model of CO2-rich mineral waters: A case study of Vilarelho da Raia, northern Portugal     

J. Marques  Monteiro F. Santos  R. Graça  R. Castro  L. Aires-Barros  L. Mendes Victor 《Hydrogeology Journal》2001,9(6):584-596

The Vilarelho da Raia-Chaves region, located in northern Portugal adjacent to the Spanish border, is characterized by both hot and cold CO₂-rich mineral waters issuing from springs and drilled wells. The present paper updates the conceptual circulation model of the Vilarelho da Raia cold CO₂-rich mineral waters. Vilarelho da Raia mineral waters, dominated by Na and HCO₃ ions, have formed mainly by interaction with CO₂ of deep-seated mantle origin. The δ ¹⁸O, δ ²H and ³H values indicate that these waters are the result of meteoric waters infiltrating into Larouco Mountain, NW of Vilarelho da Raia, circulating at shallow depths in granitic rocks and moving into Vilarelho da Raia area. The conceptual geochemical and geophysical circulation model indicates that the hot and cold CO₂-rich mineral waters of Chaves (76 °C) and Vilarelho da Raia (17 °C) should be considered manifestations of similar but not the same geohydrological systems. Electronic Publication  相似文献   

Aquifer/aquitard interfaces: mixing zones that enhance biogeochemical reactions     

P. McMahon 《Hydrogeology Journal》2001,9(1):34-43

Several important biogeochemical reactions are known to occur near the interface between aquifer and aquitard sediments. These reactions include O₂ reduction; denitrification; and Fe³⁺, SO₄ ^2–, and CO₂ (methanogenesis) reduction. In some settings, these reactions occur on the aquitard side of the interface as electron acceptors move from the aquifer into the electron-donor-enriched aquitard. In other settings, these reactions occur on the aquifer side of the interface as electron donors move from the aquitard into the electron-acceptor-enriched, or microorganism-enriched, aquifer. Thus, the aquifer/aquitard interface represents a mixing zone capable of supporting greater microbial activity than either hydrogeologic unit alone. The extent to which biogeochemical reactions proceed in the mixing zone and the width of the mixing zone depend on several factors, including the abundance and solubility of electron acceptors and donors on either side of the interface and the rate at which electron acceptors and donors react and move across the interface. Biogeochemical reactions near the aquifer/aquitard interface can have a substantial influence on the chemistry of water in aquifers and on the chemistry of sediments near the interface. Electronic Publication  相似文献   

Factors affecting water chemistry of alpine lakes   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

A. Marchetto  R. Mosello  R. Psenner  G. Bendetta  A. Boggero  D. Tait  G. A. Tartari 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1995,57(1):81-89

During a four-year study (1988–1991), 413 lakes in the Central Alps (Italy, Switzerland and Austria) were investigated to quantify their acidification. The ionic content of the lakes was generally low: 68% of them had alkalinity values of less than 200 µeq 1^–1 and were regarded as sensitive to acidification. Moreover, 36% of the lakes showed alkalinity values of less than 50 µeq 1^–1. Redundancy Analysis was used to relate the hydrochemistry of 187 lakes to their catchment characteristics. Calcite weathering was the main factor influencing lake chemistry. The same analysis, applied to a subset of 101 lakes lying in watersheds exclusively composed of silicic rocks, showed that lake chemistry was influenced by silicate weathering and nitrogen uptake. These processes were found to be mainly related to lake altitude and the fraction of the watershed not covered by vegetation, i.e. controlled by temperature. The importance of these relations to explain the pH shift produced by climatic variation is also discussed.  相似文献