基于投入产出技术的中国部门生产链平均能耗   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

唐志鹏  刘卫东  刘红光  陈锡康 《地理科学进展》2009,28(6):919-925

温室气体导致全球气候异常变化是全球目前的热点问题,而能源消耗排放的CO2成为首要的温室气体。为理解产业结构对我国能源消耗及其碳排放的影响机制,本文创建了一个基于投入产出技术的AECPC模型,提出了平均能耗的概念。该模型从节能效果直接且易于调控的角度反映了不同层次的生产环节对部门生产链能耗的影响,它综合了直接能耗和完全能耗两种方法的优点。通过该模型对中国2005年各产业部门的测算,找出了9条不同能源产品平均能耗最大的生产链,这些生产链主要集中在传统的高能耗部门,但也包含一些其他部门,如自来水的生产与供应业部门。AECPC模型为产业转型对碳排放的影响提供了有力的分析指导工具。  相似文献   

耗能段腹板高厚比对Y型偏心支撑钢框架滞回性能影响的试验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

于安林  赵宝成  李仁达  沈淼 《地震工程与工程振动》2009,29(6)

Y型偏心支撑钢框架是偏心支撑结构中抗震耗能的结构形式之一,为了研究Y型偏心支撑钢框架中耗能梁段腹板高厚比对结构滞回性能的影响,进行了2榀1/3缩尺Y型偏心支撑钢框架的低周反复荷载试验.本文主要介绍了试验过程,分析了Y型偏心支撑钢框架在循环荷载作用下的破坏机理、滞回性能、延性、刚度退化规律以及耗能能力.试验结果表明:Y型偏心支撑钢框架延性好、耗能能力强,耗能梁段腹板高厚比的改变对Y型偏心支撑钢框架强度、刚度以及耗能能力具有较大的影响.耗能梁段腹板高厚比设计得合理,Y型偏心支撑钢框架侧向刚度较大,可以满足在小震或中震作用下的结构变形要求,在大震作用下提供良好的变形能力和耗散地震能量的功能.  相似文献   

土壤理化参数的反射光谱分析          下载免费PDF全文

夏学齐  季峻峰陈骏廖启林  杨忠芳 《地学前缘》2009,16(4):354-362

土壤可见光和近红外波段(400~2 500 nm)反射光谱信息包含了大量土壤物理化学参数,土壤反射光谱测量简单、快速,无需破坏样品,而且还可以通过高光谱遥感方法制图。文中使用江苏国土生态地球化学调查中获取的大量土壤样品,研究了土壤阳离子交换量(CEC)、有机质含量、pH值、铁氧化物类型、铁铝硅等常量元素含量等重要土壤生态地球化学参数的光谱反应。结果显示,土壤CEC是进行光谱预测非常成功的参数,1 400、1 900和2 200 nm附近一阶导数光谱(FD)值或短波方向反射率值均可以很好地反映土壤CEC的大小;土壤有机质含量、铁氧化物类型、铁铝硅含量均可以在反射率光谱或其一阶导数(FD)值找到相关波段;土壤导数光谱存在的A、B、C和D峰使反射光谱方法不仅能够定量铁氧化物总量,还能鉴别铁氧化物矿物类型(针铁矿和赤铁矿)及其相对含量;江都土壤光谱的656 nm附近FD值与pH有很大相关性,但是江苏样品显示pH值光谱经验预测具有区域依赖性,可能与土壤类型有关,说明pH与光谱参数之间的关系并非一般的线性关系,而有更复杂的机制。  相似文献   

Microwave link rainfall estimation: Effects of link length and frequency,temporal sampling,power resolution,and wet antenna attenuation     

H. Leijnse  R. Uijlenhoet  J.N.M. Stricker 《Advances in water resources》2008

Issues associated with microwave link rainfall estimation such as the effects of spatial and temporal variation in rain, the nonlinearity of R–k$R''–''k$ relations, temporal sampling, power resolution, and wet antenna attenuation are investigated using more than 1.5 years of data from a high-resolution X-band weather radar. Microwave link signals are generated for different link frequencies and lengths from these radar data, so that retrieved path-averaged rainfall intensities can be compared to true path-averaged values. Results of these simulations can be linked to the space–time structure of rain. A frequency-dependent relation between the rainfall intensity at an antenna and the attenuation caused by its wetting is derived using microwave link and rain gauge data. It is shown that if the correct temporal sampling strategy is chosen, the effects of the degradation of power resolution and of wet antenna attenuation (if a correction is applied) are minor (i.e., MBE and bias-corrected RMSE are >−20% and <20% of the mean rainfall intensity, respectively) for link frequencies and lengths above ∼20 GHz and ∼2 km, respectively.  相似文献   

Improvement of dark object method in atmospheric correction of hyperspectral remotely sensed data     

Zhao Xiang  Liang ShunLin  Liu SuHong  Wang JinDi  Qin Jun  Li Qing  Li XiaoWen 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,51(3):349-356

The existing methods in atmospheric correction of hyperspectral data usually focus on removing the effects of water vapor and other absorptive gases, while this paper mainly studies the method of re- moving the influence of the aerosol and the water vapor simultaneously. Because the hyperspectral data has a larger number of bands, the conventional dark object method cannot be applied to the at- mospheric correction of the hyperspectral data which can be improved, as described in this paper, by adequately making use of spectral characteristics of the hyperspectral data with an iterative correction during the whole process. The effects of the aerosol and water vapor are eliminated at the same time finally. The improved dark object method is used to do the atomospheric correction of the Hyperion data in Yanzhou, Shandong Province as an example. And the result indicates that it can correct the atmospheric influence of the hyperspectral data quickly and remarkably.  相似文献   

高光谱遥感技术在海洋研究的应用及展望     

娄全胜  陈蕾  王平  张晨  谢健 《海洋湖沼通报》2008,(3)

在分析高光谱遥感特点的基础上,从其在海洋应用的基础研究和在海洋与海岸带资源环境监测研究2个方面,论述了高光谱遥感在海水叶绿素浓度、悬浮泥沙含量、污染物和表层水温、海冰、海岸带探测的应用和研究进展,最后本文提出了高光谱遥感在海洋研究中着重发展的几个问题:(1)建设海洋及海岸带要素的地物光谱数据库;(2)开展海洋遥感信息系统建设;(3)开展基于高光谱遥感数据的海洋系统光学特性提取模型的研究;(4)开展基于高光谱遥感数据的海陆系统交互作用的环境效应研究.  相似文献   

Experimental testing and numerical modelling of a heavy timber moment‐resisting frame with ductile steel links     

《地震工程与结构动力学》2018,47(6):1460-1477

This paper presents the development, experimental testing, and numerical modelling of a new hybrid timber‐steel moment‐resisting connection that is designed to improve the seismic performance of mid‐rise heavy timber moment‐resisting frames (MRF). The connection detail incorporates specially designed replaceable steel links fastened to timber beams and columns using self‐tapping screws. Performance of the connection is verified through experimental testing of four 2/3 scale beam‐column connections. All 4 connection specimens met the acceptance criteria specified in the AISC 341‐10 provisions for steel moment frames and exhibit high strength, ductility, and energy dissipation capacity up to storey drifts exceeding 4%. All of the timber members and self‐tapping screw connections achieved their design objective, remaining entirely elastic throughout all tests and avoiding brittle modes of failure. To assess the global seismic performance of the newly developed connection in a mid‐rise building, a hybrid timber‐steel building using the proposed moment‐resisting connection is designed and modelled in OpenSees. To compare the seismic performance of the hybrid MRF with a conventional steel MRF, a prototype steel‐only building is also designed and modelled in OpenSees. The building models are subject to a suite of ground motions at design basis earthquake and maximum credible earthquake hazard levels using non‐linear time history analysis. Analytical results show that drifts and accelerations of the hybrid building are similar to a conventional steel building while the foundation forces are significantly reduced for the hybrid structure because of its lower seismic weight. The results of the experimental program and numerical analysis demonstrate the seismic performance of the proposed connection and the ability of the hybrid building to achieve comparable seismic performance to a conventional steel MRF.  相似文献   

联合星地与星间Ka伪距的北斗三号卫星一体化定轨和时间同步     

阮仁桂  贾小林  朱俊  呼延宗泊  冯来平  李杰 《测绘学报》2020,49(3):292-299

北斗三号卫星之间及卫星与锚固站之间在Ka频段的伪距测量为其提供了一种不依赖于地面监测站的独立定轨和时间同步能力。本文针对星间链路分时测量的特点,采用分段一次多项式对卫星钟差进行建模,直接利用原始的星地和星间单程Ka伪距实现一体化定轨和时间同步并同时解算锚固站设备硬件时延。利用北斗三号8颗卫星和2个锚固站的实测Ka伪距数据进行验证,结果表明:在利用导航电文的预报钟速信息进行修正的情况下,星间Ka伪距残差RMS为0.052 m;R方向卫星轨道确定和预报精度(RMS)分别为0.016、0.033 m;卫星钟差估计和预报精度(95%)分别为0.038、0.992 ns;解算得到的锚固站收发设备时延之和的稳定性优于0.5 ns。试验还展示了该方法的适应能力:在没有预报钟速信息的极端情况下,虽然星间Ka伪距残差RMS增大了242%,但R方向轨道确定和预报精度仍分别达到0.021、0.041 m,钟差估计和预报精度分别达到0.040、1.092 ns。  相似文献   

提高食物链硒通量防治大骨节病和克山病示范研究   总被引：23，自引：1，他引：22  

李日邦  谭见安  王五一  朱文郁  杨林生  李德珠  王立志  苗成波  王久性  张建科 《地理学报》1999,(2):2

本研究在黄土高原的陕西省彬县大骨节病和克山病重病区,进行小麦、蔬菜的叶面喷Ｓｅ和主食加Ｓｅ防治地方病的示范研究。结果显示,喷Ｓｅ小麦含Ｓｅ量达０．０８１μｇ／ｇ,明显高于未喷Ｓｅ的小麦（０．００９μｇ／ｇ）;示范点膳食含Ｓｅ达０．０７６μｇ／ｇ,显著高于对照点（０．０１４μｇ／ｇ）;示范点人均日摄Ｓｅ量由１３．４０μｇ／ｇ提高到６０．３９μｇ／ｇ;大骨节病Ｘ线阳性检出率由４３．３３％下降到６．４５％,达到国家控制标准。  相似文献   

网络RTK流动站系统集成的探讨     

杨红梅 《地理空间信息》2009,7(2):121-123

对国外、国内多种类型GPS接收机,按不同的通讯链路、接入不同CORS系统的相关配置工作进行分析、归纳,从设备选型、系统集成、CORS系统的接入三个方面对网络RTK流动站系统的集成进行了探讨。  相似文献