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91.
Oxygen isotope compositions were measured in quartz grains extracted from a 7.0 Ma red clay-loess sequence at Lingtai and
six late Pleistocene loess sediments (Malan loess). Results show that the changes in oxygen isotope compositions of Malan
loess are basically controlled by the geochemical characteristics of the source materials, while the effect of weathering
process after dust deposition could be minor. The oxygen isotope distribution of quartz grains from red clay at Lingtai is
similar to that of the overlying loess-paleosol sequence, thus indicating that the red clay at Lingtai has the same eolian
origin as the loess-paleosol deposits. Furthermore, the oscillations of the isotope compositions in 4–16 μm-sized quartz grains
may reflect the changes, to some extent, of the climatic systems of the source region. 相似文献
92.
Development and testing of a serially multiplexed fiber optic sensor system is described. The sensor differs from conventional
fiber optic acoustic systems, as it is capable of sensing AE emissions at several points along the length of a single fiber.
Multiplexing provides for single channel detection of cracks and their locations in large structural systems. An algorithm
was developed for signal recognition and tagging of the AE waveforms for detection of crack locations. Laboratory experiments
on plain concrete beams and post-tensioned FRP tendons were performed to evaluate the crack detection capability of the sensor
system. The acoustic emission sensor was able to detect initiation, growth and location of the cracks in concrete as well
as in the FRP tendons. The AE system is potentially suitable for applications involving health monitoring of structures following
an earthquake
Supported by: National Science Foundation, Grant number CMS-9900338 相似文献
93.
94.
测汞用光纤传感器的初步研制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用原子吸收原理初步研制了一种测示用光纤传感器,解决了光纤探头部分的技术难题。与传统的测汞仪器相比,该仪器的最大优点是可动的。中介绍了仪器的工作原理及主要技术性能。实验表明,可以利用光纤传感技术来实现汞测量。 相似文献
95.
纤粒矿物粉尘体外细胞毒性研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
采用体外细胞培养技术,观察兔肺泡巨噬细胞死亡率,用丙二醛(MDA)的含量变化、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性变化来评价来自12个矿6床的6种矿物的12种结晶习性的矿物粉尘的细胞毒性,探讨其使巨噬细胞受损的机制。结果显示:沸石、硅灰石无细胞毒性,而其他的纤维状及片粒状矿物粉尘则表现出不同程度的细胞毒性,说明矿物粉尘的细胞毒性与矿物粉尘的形态有一定关系,但主要由矿物粉尘的特性所决 相似文献
96.
成都市近地表大气尘的矿物学特征及其环境指示意义 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
通过对成都市近地表大气尘X射线衍射、电镜扫描分析等研究显示:其主要由石英、长石、伊利石、绿泥石、方解石、石膏等矿物组成;就其形状看有致密的不规则粒状、片状单矿物、不规则粒状聚合体、浑圆形球状飘珠、聚合体放大观察可见片状的粘土矿物和细小的粒状单矿物,偶见藻类;矿物形貌特征及矿物组成空间分布特征的研究显示:球形状飘珠及伊利石、绿泥石、石膏的空间分布特征与工业布局和表层土壤的pH值密切相关,成都市近地表大气尘主要为地表扬尘和工业烟尘的混合物;与土壤的矿物组成比较可见,近地表大气尘重金属污染除土壤贡献外,还有其他污染贡献;石膏在本次研究中平均含量高达8.2%,推测可能成为成都市往年燃煤量大而无明显酸雨现象的原因之一。 相似文献
97.
98.
Measurements were performed in spring 2001 and 2002 to determine the characteristics of soil dust in the Chinese desert region of Dunhuang, one of the ground sites of the Asia-Pacific Regional Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-Asia). The mean mass concentrations of total suspended particle matter during the spring of 2001 and 2002 were 317 μg m?3 and 307 μg m?3, respectively. Eleven dust storm events were observed with a mean aerosol concentration of 1095 μg m?3, while the non-dusty days with calm or weak wind speed had a background aerosol loading of 196 μgm?3 on average in the springtime. The main minerals detected in the aerosol samples by X-ray diffraction were illite, kaolinite, chlorite, quartz, feldspar, calcite and dolomite. Gypsum, halite and amphibole were also detected in a few samples. The mineralogical data also show that Asian dust is characterized by a kaolinite to chlorite (K/C) ratio lower than 1 whereas Saharan dust exhibits a K/C ratio larger than 2. Air mass back-trajectory analysis show that three families of pathways are associated with the aerosol particle transport to Dunhuang, but these have similar K/C ratios, which further demonstrates that the mineralogical characteristics of Asian dust are different from African dust. 相似文献
99.
兰州市取暖期可吸入颗粒物中单颗粒矿物组成特征 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
为研究兰州市2005年冬季大气可吸入颗粒物(PM10)中单颗粒的矿物组成,用能谱扫描电镜识别和统计了兰州市区(东方红广场)和郊区(榆中县)两个采样点的单矿物颗粒。结果在市区样品中识别出方解石、伊/蒙混层、石英、斜长石、伊利石、石膏、绿泥石、高岭石、浊沸石和钾长石等21种矿物,前7种占统计总量的75%以上;郊区样品中识别出20种矿物,以方解石、石英、伊利石、绿泥石、斜长石和伊/蒙混层为主(占70%以上),与市区相比缺少钾石膏、金红石和水铝酸钙而增加了硫酸镁和磷灰石。总体来看,大气PM10中的矿物颗粒可分为粘土类、长石类、碳酸盐类、硫酸盐类、氧化物类和其他六类,以粘土类和碳酸盐类矿物为主(约占60%);冬季市区颗粒物表面的“硫化”现象较郊区严重;这些矿物颗粒主要来自地表土,人为排放和大气中二次化学反应生成的矿物的贡献较小。 相似文献
100.