Statistic forecast of typhoons going over the Chinese coasts     

FENG Lihua  WU Zhanghua 《地理学报》2003,13(3):305-308

According to the measured data of typhoons going over the Chinese coasts in 1949-2002, a statistic relative equation showing the relation between the central atmospheric pressure of typhoons in a certain region at a certain period of time and their accumulation of frequency is established, and the concept of recurrence interval of typhoons is put forward, which is of actual significance for typhoon disaster reduction along the coastal area.  相似文献   

冀北发现具鬣刺结构的超基性岩   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

童英  倪志耀  王仁民 《矿物岩石》2003,23(2):6-10

冀北具鬣刺结构的超基性岩呈透镜状，产于华北克拉通北缘的早元古宙红旗营子群黑云斜长片麻岩之中。富MgO，贫CaO，A12O3和FeO*＝0．86，TiO2介于0．01％-0．02％之间，与SSZ型蛇绿岩中相应岩石的TiO2含量相当。原始地幔标准化的过渡元素配分型式表现为不对称的“W”型，在TiO2和Cu处形成两个明显的负异常“谷”。据此地球化学特征意味着它们可能来自于消减带之下上地幔，为上地幔高度部分熔融的残余物。岩石中鬣刺结构可能是叶蛇纹石高压分解的结果，表明研究区某些变质橄榄岩岩块曾经受过俯冲—消减作用。  相似文献   

天然焦型煤层气储存特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

何玉梅  张俊宝 《中国煤田地质》2003,15(3):18-19,48

天然焦具有良好的物性条件，含有大量的瓦斯气体，是一个理想的储气层。但在煤矿生产中却经常是遇到天然焦因瓦斯增大而中止生产的现象时有发生。本文根据天然焦的物性条件，结合阜新矿区井下实践，论述了煤层气在天然焦内的储存特征，并指出了在煤层气开发利用方面应予以重视的问题。  相似文献   

地质基础理念之我见     

丁乾俊 《新疆地质》2003,21(4):463-467

任-侵位的岩浆体，在结晶分异、固化成岩过程中，一般都可分为：已结晶的固相岩体、正(半)结晶的可塑相岩体及未结晶的熔融相岩浆3部分．此时，若发生了地壳运动，地壳运动的构造作用力。使正(半)结晶的可塑相岩体发生可塑相变形，形成片麻化岩体；地壳运动(包括地震)时的构造作用力为脉动性质的挤压作用力；岩体发生片麻化的地壳运动，又使已结晶的固相岩体和围岩发生断裂活动，形成了断裂带控矿、容矿构造；未结晶的熔融相岩浆再度上升侵位，便形成了小侵入岩体控矿构造．残浆的形成与排出，控矿构造的发生、发展与控矿过程，都是在这次地壳运动过程中完成的．因此，对这次地壳运动可称成矿作用．  相似文献   

高压下玄武岩浆的不混溶及其对双峰式火山岩的成因意义   总被引：2，自引：4，他引：2  

郑海飞　陈斌孙樯  谢鸿森 《岩石学报》2003,19(4):745-751

我们在温度850～1300℃,压力1.0～3.0GPa和含约2%水的条件下的碱性玄武岩熔融实验产物中发现在高于2.0GPa压力下玄武岩熔融后的淬火产物中存在着两种不同成分的玻璃,其中一种呈褐色,另一种为浅色或无色.玻璃的电子探针分析结果表明,褐色玻璃具有相对高的MgO、FeO和相对低的SiO2、K2O、Na2O含量及Na2O＞K2O的特征.熔体的不混溶间隙与温度无明显关系,但与压力关系密切,即在大于2.0GPa的压力条件下两种玻璃的不混溶间隙突然增大.因此,由不混溶作用形成的双峰式火山岩应来自大于2.0GPa的上地幔,且是能够提供酸性端员物质以及快速上升的构造环境.这与双峰火山岩可以产生于大陆裂谷环境或主要产于俯冲带的弧后拉张环境而不是岛弧前缘一致.  相似文献   

地球深部物质的某些物性测量方法研究   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8  

谢鸿森  周文戈  刘永刚  郭捷  侯渭 《地学前缘》2003,10(2):357-365

文中介绍了地球深部物质实验室近 2 0年来开展高温高压下地球深部物质物性实验研究过程中 ,在测量方法方面的进步和应用情况。这些测量方法包括了高温、高压下弹性的超声测量方法、高温高压下电性的测量方法、高压差热分析法和高压下热学Gr櫣ｎｅｉｓｅｎ参数的测量方法诟呶赂哐瓜卵沂涂笪锏牡猿饬恐?,我们由超声脉冲透射方法改进为超声脉冲透射反射法 ,克服了样品室中压力和温度梯度对样品的影响。在高温高压下岩石和矿物的电学性质测量中 ,我们由直流法发展为阻抗谱法 ,不仅克服了样品极化对测量结果的影响 ,还可以获得离子在溶液中的多种物理化学参数 ,以及监测含水矿物在高温高压下的脱水动力学特征。在固体传压介质中建立的高压热学Gr櫣ｎｅｉｓｅｎ参数的测量方法 ,由于升压速率比较小且叶蜡石在高压下的热导系数增大 ,其测量结果需要进行校正 ,其测量方法有待进一步改进。  相似文献   

A comparison of the evolution of diamondiferous quartz-rich rocks from the Saxonian Erzgebirge and the Kokchetav Massif: are so-called diamondiferous gneisses magmatic rocks?     

Hans-Joachim Massonne 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2003,216(3):347-364

The petrography and chemical composition of minerals of quartz-rich diamondiferous rocks from the Kokchetav Massif, especially the zonation of garnet, were studied and compared with diamondiferous quartzofeldspathic rocks from the Saxonian Erzgebirge. Many compositional and textural features were found to be similar. For instance, microdiamonds are enclosed systematically in a specific intermediate growth zone of garnet in these rocks. On the basis of experimental data, a magmatic scenario was constructed to check if the quartz-rich diamondiferous rocks are of magmatic origin. By this, the P-T paths, derived here for the Kokchetav rocks, and the textural observations it is concluded that the minerals of the diamondiferous rocks have crystallized from silicate melts. These melts originated by anatexis of deeply submerged metasediments (Erzgebirge: at T as high as 1200°C, Kokchetav Massif: at 50-100°C lower T) and ascended from at least 200 km depth. Relics of the pre-anatectic evolution are still present, for instance, as garnet cores. After ascent and emplacement of the magma in deep portions of thickened continental crust (Kokchetav Massif: 45-50 km close to 800°C, Erzgebirge: 55-60 km at 30-50°C lower T) considerable quantities of (white and/or dark) micas formed by peritectic reactions from melt. For instance, garnets could be resorbed at this stage and biotite grew instead. After the magmatic stage, retrogression took place much stronger in the Kokchetav Massif. This was accompanied by deformation transforming broadly the magmatic texture of quartz-rich diamondiferous rocks from the Kokchetav Massif to a gneissic texture.  相似文献   

Characterisation of the 1997 Vulcanian explosions of Soufrière Hills Volcano,Montserrat, by video analysis     

Formenti  Y.  Druitt  T. H.  Kelfoun  K. 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2003,65(8):587-605

The activity of Convention at Montserrat Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat, during the period 1995–1999 included numerous violent explosions. Two major cycles of Vulcanian explosions occurred in 1997: a first of 13 explosions between 4 and 12 August and a second of 75 between 22 September and 21 October. The explosions were short-lived events lasting a few tens of seconds during which partial fountain collapse generated pyroclastic surges and pyroclastic flows, and buoyant plumes ascended 3–15 km into the atmosphere. Each explosion discharged on average 3×10⁵ m³ (dense-rock equivalent, DRE) of magma, draining the conduit to depths of 1–2 km. The paper focuses on the first few seconds of three explosions of the 75 that occurred in September/October 1997: 6 October 1997 at 17:50, 7 October 1997 at 16:02 and 9 October 1997 at 12:32. Physical parameters such as exit velocities, magmatic water contents and magma pressures at fragmentation are estimated by following and modelling the ascent of individual momentum-dominated finger jets visible on videos during the initial stages of each explosion. The model treats each finger jet as an incompressible flow sustained by a steady flux of gas and particles during the few seconds of ascent, and produces results that compare favourably with those using a multiphase compressible code run using similar eruptive parameters. Each explosion reveals a progressive increase in eruptive intensity with time, jet exit velocities increasing from 40 m s^–1 at the beginning of the explosion up to 140 m s^–1 after a few seconds. Modelling suggests that the first magma to exit was largely degassed, whereas that discharged after a few seconds contained up to 2 wt% water. Magma overpressures up to ~10 MPa are estimated to have existed in the conduit immediately prior to each explosion. Progressive increases in jet exit velocity with time over the first few seconds of each explosion provide direct evidence for strong pre-eruptive gradients in water content and magma pressure in the upper reaches (probably 100–500 m) of the conduit. Fountain collapse occurred during the first 10–20 s of each explosion because the discharging jets had bulk densities up to 100 times that of the atmosphere and were unable to entrain enough air to become buoyant. Such high eruptive densities were due to the presence of partially degassed magma in the conduit.Editorial responsibility: A. Woods  相似文献   

高温高压下含水矿物脱水对斜长岩纵波速度的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

白利平  杜建国  刘巍  张文兰 《地质科技情报》2003,22(2):17-20

在1GPa、室温至880℃条件下对斜长岩的纵波速度进行了测量，并对实验产物进行了鉴定分析，讨论了含水矿物脱水对岩石纵波速度的影响。实验结果表明，在680℃左右，由于斜长岩中的含水矿物绢云母和黝帘石开始脱水，矿物脱水产生的流体及其所引起岩石结构的变化可使岩石纵波速度降低10％左右。这意味着通过矿物脱水这一机制可以形成壳内低速层。  相似文献   

高填方路堤互锚式薄壁挡土墙土压力试验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

窦斌  梅利芳  范瑛  余天庆  杨凯华 《地质科技情报》2003,22(3):109-112

在山区修建高等级公路工程中，挡土墙结构广泛应用于高填方路堤工程。在提出一种新型互锚式薄壁挡土墙结构的基础上，通过埋设土压力盒的方法对该种挡土墙的结构型式进行了力学模型试验，并进行了模型土压力强度特性分析。试验及分析表明，该挡土墙结构成本低廉，施工方便，结构合理，可以应用于高填方路堤实际工程。  相似文献