基于流强度的中国城市对外服务能力时空演变特征   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

柯文前  陆玉麒  俞肇元  王晗  陈伟  马颖忆 《地理科学》2014,(11):1369-1376

综合运用城市流强度模型、改良Theil系数和K-means时空聚类法对2004~2010年中国地级以上286个城市对外服务能力的时空演变特征进行探讨,得到以下结论:1城市流强度值的绝对量均有明显上升,但存在显著的区域非均衡现象,并与城市经济实力有较高的相关性。2省内差异对城市对外服务能力的差异贡献率在58%~72%,是其空间尺度差异的主要来源。3时空演变表现出明显的阶段性和等级性规律,且空间等级性特征随阶段演进更趋明显。4对外服务能力的强弱和集聚强化趋势与城市流强度基数值大小和增速快慢有着紧密关系,一定程度上体现了基础乘数效应和循环累积效应配置下的非均衡特征。  相似文献   

河南省耕地集约利用时空分异及分区研究   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  

刘玉  郝星耀  潘瑜春  唐秀美 《地理科学》2014,(10)

通过构建耕地集约利用评价模型,采用Kernel密度曲线等深入分析1990年、2000年和2010年河南省126个县域的耕地集约利用程度及其时空规律,并采用双重自组织模型进行耕地集约利用分区。结果表明:1县域耕地集约利用度的Kernel密度曲线呈现典型的单峰分布模式,分布曲线由"尖峰形"向"宽峰形"发展并整体向右移动,表明河南省耕地集约利用整体水平上升,县域差异扩大。2耕地集约利用水平空间差异显著,"北高南低"、"东高西低"、"平原区高,山地丘陵区低"的特征明显;大多数县域耕地集约利用度随时间变化稳步提高,但提高水平差异较大;耕地投入强度和耕地产出效率的提升幅度较大,耕地利用强度和可持续性状况提升较慢。3采用双重自组织模型将126个县域划分为东部黄淮平原区、北部平原区、东南丘陵平原区、中南平原区、西部山地丘陵区等5个耕地集约利用区,并提出了相应的发展策略。  相似文献   

多模GNSS数据质量检测方法与软件研发     

刘荟萃  唐歌实  崔红正  宋柏延  任天鹏 《东北测绘》2014,(1):5-8

目前尚无一种GNSS数据质量检测软件可以兼容RINEX格式第二版和第三版、同时兼容四大导航卫星系统,严重滞后于GNSS的发展。基于MATLAB语言研发了一种新的数据质量检测软件BQC,不仅可以处理单观测文件,还可以对多个观测文件进行批处理;可以输出四大导航卫星系统的卫星角度位置、多径误差、电离层延迟、载噪比和周跳等信息及统计报告,在批处理模式下还可对多观测文件的数据质量进行比对;与TEQC相比具有较强的兼容性、算法优越性和直观性。随着四大导航系统的逐步完善和RINEX格式第三版的推广使用,该软件将会为GNSS的建设成果检验工作提供一种有力的支撑工具。  相似文献   

西安咸阳一体化进程中城市扩张及驱动力研究     

冯晓刚  李锐 《测绘科学》2011,36(1):102-104,72

本文以RS和GIS技术为支撑,以西咸一体化进程为研究对象,基于多时相TM/ETM+及相关统计数据,采用监督分类和归一化裸露指数(NDBI)等方法提取西安、咸阳两市的城市空间特征信息,结合地学统计方法,定量研究了城市扩张强度、紧凑度等指标,并探讨了影响西咸一体化进程的因子.得出:西咸一体化政策的出台是主导西咸两市对向不断...  相似文献   

Ranking Regional Drought Events in China for 1960--2009     

QIAN Weihong  SHAN Xiaolong  ZHU Yafen 《大气科学进展》2011,28(2):310-321

The spatiotemporal variations of the site and regional droughts in China during 1960–2009 were analyzed by applying a daily composite-drought index (CDI) to 722 stations in mainland China. Droughts frequently happened in a zone extended from Southwest China to the Yellow River, North China, and the southwestern part of Northeast China, with two centers of high frequency in North China and Southwest China. In Southwest and South China, droughts tend to happen during the winter. In North China and along the Yellow River, droughts mainly occur during the winter and during May–June. During the past 50 years, the geographical distribution of site drought events showed high frequencies (0.9–1.3 times per year) in the upper Yellow River basin and North China, comparing with moderate frequencies (0.6–0.9 times per year) in Southwest China and the southwestern part of Northeast China and with lower frequencies over the middle and lower Yangtze River basin. And the frequencies increased over mainland China except for the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. A regional drought (RD) event is a widespread and persistent event that covers at least five adjacent sites and lasts for at least 10 days. There were 252 RD events in the past 50 years—five times per year. Most RD events lasted for <100 days and covered <100 stations, but the longest and largest RD event lasted for 307 days from 6 September 1998 to 9 July 1999 and covered 327 stations from North to Southwest China.  相似文献   

Impact of Cloud Microphysical Processes on the Simulation of Typhoon Rananim near Shore.Part Ⅱ:Typhoon Intensity and Track     

程锐  宇如聪  徐幼平  傅云飞 《气象学报》2011,25(4):456-466

The impact of cloud microphysical processes on the simulated intensity and track of Typhoon Rananim is discussed and analyzed in the second part of this study.The results indicate that when the cooling effect due to evaporation of rain water is excluded,the simulated 36-h maximum surface wind speed of Typhoon Rananim is about 7 m s-1 greater than that from all other experiments; however,the typhoon landfall location has the biggest bias of about 150 km against the control experiment.The simulated strong outer rainbands and the vertical shear of the environmental flow are unfavorable for the deepening and maintenance of the typhoon and result in its intensity loss near the landfall.It is the cloud microphysical processes that strengthen and create the outer spiral rainbands,which then increase the local convergence away from the typhoon center and prevent more moisture and energy transport to the inner core of the typhoon.The developed outer rainbands are supposed to bring dry and cold air mass from the middle troposphere to the planetary boundary layer (PBL).The other branch of the cold airflow comes from the evaporation of rain water itself in the PBL while the droplets are falling.Thus,the cut-off of the warm and moist air to the inner core and the invasion of cold and dry air to the eyewall region are expected to bring about the intensity reduction of the modeled typhoon.Therefore,the deepening and maintenance of Typhoon Rananim during its landing are better simulated through the reduction of these two kinds of model errors.  相似文献   

Thermodynamic Characteristics of Tropical Cyclones with RapidIntensity Change over the Coastal Waters of China     

于玉斌  姚秀萍 《气象学报》2011,25(4):467-477

In order to investigate the different thermodynamic mechanisms between rapid intensifying (RI) and rapid weakening (RW) tropical cyclones (TCs),the thermodynamic structures of two sets of composite TCs are analyzed based on the complete-form vertical vorticity tendency equation and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data.Each composite is composed of five TCs,whose intensities change rapidly over the coastal waters of China.The results show that the maximum apparent heating source Q1 exists in both the upper and lower troposphere near the RI TC center,and Q1 gets stronger at the lower level during the TC intensification period.But for the RW TC,the maximum Q1 exists at the middle level near the TC center,and Q1 gets weaker while the TC weakens.The maximum apparent moisture sink Q2 lies in the mid troposphere.Q2 becomes stronger and its peak-value height rises while TC intensifies,and vice versa.The increase of diabatic heating with height near the TC center in the mid-upper troposphere and the increase of vertical inhomogeneous heating near the TC center in the lower troposphere are both favorable to the TCs' rapid intensification; otherwise,the intensity of the TC decreases rapidly.  相似文献   

2008年南京市热岛效应演变特征及其对城市居民生活影响     

闫少锋  张金池  张波  陆茜  王永平  俞红  张增信 《辽宁气象》2011,(1):14-20

利用2008年南京市23个自动气象观测站气温资料,分析南京市城市热岛效应的空间分布及其变化特征。结果表明：南京市的热岛中心主要分布在人口和建筑物密集的鼓楼、白下区和建邺区,下关、江宁和浦口等城区气温较低;2008年南京市平均城市热岛强度为1.6℃,四季热岛强度呈秋季、春季、冬季和夏季依次减弱;南京市城市热岛效应对城市居民生活影响较大。南京市热岛效应的逐渐增强,将导致夏季空调使用量的增加,增加能耗对创建低碳城市、建设和谐城市生活产生消极影响。  相似文献   

Variation of the monsoon trough intensity in the South China Sea and western North Pacific ocean and its relationship to tropical cyclone activities     

高建芸  余锦华  张秀芝  张容焱 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2011,17(3):209-220

Using the daily average of the NCEP/DOE AMIP-II reanalysis data from 1979 to 2005 and the characteristics of monsoon troughs in the western North Pacific,we established an intensity index and a location index to describe the activity of the monsoon troughs in three different regions and their impacts on tropical cyclones generated therein(MTTCs).The behavior of the monsoon troughs was analyzed.The following conclusions are obtained:(1)The established monsoon trough intensity index has a positive correlation to the location index,indicating that stronger monsoon trough intensity corresponds to more northward location.(2)Monsoon trough intensity exhibits significant interannual variation,with obvious periods of 4–5 years prior to 1994 and 2–3 years afterwards.(3)The affecting factors on monsoon trough intensity are different with areas.The preceding SST anomaly results in anomalous atmospheric circulation, leading to the anomaly of monsoon trough intensity in different areas.(4)The frequency of cyclogenesis and location anomalies of the MTTC are closely related to the intensity and location of the monsoon trough. Most of the anomalously less MTTC years coincide with the years with a weak general monsoon trough and weak regional monsoon troughs.The anomalously more MTTC years are associated with both a strong general monsoon trough and a weak general monsoon trough combined with a strong one over the South China Sea,though with a larger probability for the latter.(5)The interseasonal variation of the intensity of monsoon troughs provides favorable conditions for TC generation and development.The monsoon trough is in the active periods of both quasi-biweekly 10 to 20 day and 30 to 60 day oscillations,which is favorable for MTTC occurrence.  相似文献   

基于CMORPH资料的长三角城市化 对降水分布特征影响的观测研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

江志红  唐振飞 《气象科学》2011,(4):355-364

利用CMORPH卫星降水资料和NCEP风场资料,综合分析了长江三角洲地区南京、杭州、上海、苏州等主要城市的降水分布特征,结果表明：长三角城市效应主要表现在对夏半年降水强度空间分布的影响,具体表现为在700 hPa平均引导气流控制下,城市中心和下风向地区的夏半年降水强度比上风向地区增加5%~15%,最大值通常位于城市中心下游20～70 km。冬半年主要城市周围的降水量、降水时间和降水强度的空间变化都比较小,城市效应对降水分布特征没有明显的影响。长三角城市因地理位置的差异,不同城市降水的下游效应存在差别。夏半年南京、杭州、无锡、苏州、常州等城市的下风向地区比上风向地区降水强度明显增加,城市效应显著。上海和宁波受到海洋影响明显,夏半年低层海风侵入范围较广,夏季降水强度的高值中心偏向海风的下游方位,可能是受到海风环流和城市热岛环流的共同影响。距离上风城市较近的镇江等城市,降水强度的分布受到上风城市降水强度下游效应的影响。  相似文献