Fault type analysis along the San Andreas Fault zone: A numerical approach     

Matrika Prasad KOIRALA  Daigoro HAYASHI 《山地科学学报》2010,7(1):36-44

Finite Element (FE) modeling under plane stress condition is used to analyze the fault type variation with depth along and around the San Andreas Fault (SAF) zone. In this simulation elastic rheology was used and was thought justifiable as the variation in depth from 0.5 km to 20 km was considered. Series of calculations were performed with the variation in domain properties. Three types of models were created based on simple geological map of California, namely, 1) single domain model considering whole California as one homogeneous domain, 2) three domains model including the North American plate, Pacific plate, and SAF zone as separate domains, and 3) Four domains model including the three above plus the Garlock Fault zone. Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion and Byerlee's law were used for the calculation of failure state. All the models were driven by displacement boundary condition imposing the fixed North American plate and Pacific plate motion along N34°W vector up to the northern terminus of SAF and N50°E vector motion for the subducting the Gorda and Juan de Fuca plates. Our simulated results revealed that as the depth increased, the fault types were generally normal, and at shallow depth greater strike slip and some thrust faults were formed. It is concluded that SAF may be terminated as normal fault at depth although the surface expression is clearly strike slip.  相似文献   

金融危机下国家大规模投资政策模拟   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

孙翊  朱艳鑫  王铮 《地理研究》2010,29(5):789-800

构建了一个中国多区域可计算一般均衡模型(MReCGE-C),利用该模型分析了我国应对国际金融危机的大规模投资政策。MReCGE-C根据城乡属性和年龄结构对居民进行了分组,放松了要素流动的限制,使劳动力和资本可以同时跨区域跨部门流动,并设计了一种基于居民终生效用的区域均衡机制,通过区域差距变量可以调控和测度区域差距。最后利用MReCGE-C模型针对国家大规模投资计划下的3种典型投资方案进行了模拟。结果发现在等量新增投资下,针对中部地区投资方案的GDP增长率高于针对中西部和全国投资方案的GDP增长率,同时针对中部地区投资方案对于城乡就业的拉动也要优于其余两种投资方案,而且可以实现缩小区域差距的目标。综合比较,目前国家大规模投资的优势应该指向中部地区。  相似文献   

基于ANSYS与OpenGL的高速公路结构物仿真建模及三维地层地表修剪方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨锡鎏  周翠英 《岩土力学》2010,31(2):571-576

现代三维视景建模与仿真技术在高速公路工程选线、施工以及运营管理中具有良好的应用前景。结构物的仿真建模以及能反映施工前后地表形态变化的三维地层模型研究是高速公路信息化中的重要问题。介绍了一种借用ANSYS有限元分析软件提取结构物三维模型表面几何信息的简便方法;结合OpenGL纹理贴图技术,实现了结构物的仿真建模;针对结构物施工后对地表形态改变较大的问题,提出利用结构物表面数据对三维地层模型地表网格进行修剪的方法--地表网格竖直投影修剪法。把上述方法应用到广东省某高速公路高边坡的三维视景仿真建模中,结果表明,边坡的仿真模型较逼真。三维地层模型修剪后的地表形态与真实情况接近,验证了方法的合理性、可靠性。  相似文献   

极限蓄水位下洞坪水库大沟湾滑坡稳定性预测     

江洎洧  项伟  唐辉明  曾斌  黄玲 《岩土力学》2010,31(3):805-810

滑坡灾害具有很强的空间变异性和随机性,应作非线性动态系统考虑。利用传递系数法,反演出极限蓄水位时大沟湾滑坡在不同安全系数下临界状态的剪切强度参数关系,对试验得到的剪切强度参数进行分析,结合工程地质类比法,由统计方法得到滑带土剪切强度参数的分布规律,并生成随机剪切参数。假设Mohr-Coulomb准则在滑坡体自重应力范围内服从线性分布,由试验参数在? -? 坐标内的分布曲线,结合天然状况下滑坡体正应力范围得到c-? 包络多边形,由此考虑剪切参数相关性,筛选出有效的随机剪切参数。通过Monte Carlo模拟,统计有效样本与反演得到的不同安全系数条件下极限平衡c-? 关系曲线的位置分布关系,得到不同安全系数滑坡的破坏概率。对极限蓄水位条件洞坪水库大沟湾滑坡稳定状况进行预测,结果表明,滑坡届时处于极高风险状态,稳定性很差。结合蓄水过程中两次对滑坡体实地考察得到的滑坡体变形特征表明,研究结果吻合。  相似文献   

基于实体建模的三维地层构造   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

赵宏坚  周翠英 《岩土力学》2010,31(4):1257-1263

以三维实体模型为基础,提出了三维地层实体模型,给出了三维实体地层模型的体系数据结构和几何拓扑结构,完整描述了三维地层模型。给出了地层模型的构造过程,并讨论了地层缺失、倒转等的特殊地质状况的构模处理方法。三维地层实体模型是完整,全面的地层模型,比基于多层网格和三棱柱体元的地层模型具有更多的优点。  相似文献   

Quantifying the effect of in-stream rock clasts on the retardation of heat along a stream     

M.C. Westhoff  T.A. BogaardH.H.G. Savenije 《Advances in water resources》2010

With the introduction of Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) into the field of hydrology, temperature has become a powerful tracer in both space and time. However, the interpretation of the observed temperature signal is often not straightforward due to its non-conservative behavior. The objective of this research is to explore and quantify the retardation of heat along a small first order stream, with the long-term objective of identifying different runoff mechanisms by using heat as a tracer.  相似文献   

Higher-order compositional modeling with Fickian diffusion in unstructured and anisotropic media     

Joachim Moortgat  Abbas Firoozabadi 《Advances in water resources》2010

We present advances in compositional modeling of two-phase multi-component flow through highly complex porous media. Higher-order methods are used to approximate both mass transport and the velocity and pressure fields. We employ the Mixed Hybrid Finite Element (MHFE) method to simultaneously solve, to the same order, the pressure equation and Darcy's law for the velocity. The species balance equation is approximated by the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) approach, combined with a slope limiter. In this work we present an improved DG scheme where phase splitting is analyzed at all element vertices in the two-phase regions, rather than only as element averages. This approximation is higher-order than the commonly employed finite volume method and earlier DG approximations. The method reduces numerical dispersion, allowing for an accurate capture of shock fronts and lower dependence on mesh quality and orientation. Further new features are the extension to unstructured grids and support for arbitrary permeability tensors (allowing for both scalar heterogeneity, and shear anisotropy). The most important advancement in this work is the self-consistent modeling of two-phase multi-component Fickian diffusion. We present several numerical examples to illustrate the powerful features of our combined MHFE–dg method with respect to lower-order calculations, ranging from simple two component fluids to more challenging real problems regarding CO₂ injection into a vertical domain saturated with a multi-component petroleum fluid.  相似文献   

Simulation of erosion-deposition processes at basin scale by a physically-based mathematical model   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hernán R.STENTA 《国际泥沙研究》2010,25(2):91-109

The development and application of the physically-based and spatially-distributed mathematical model CTSS8-SED is presented. The model simulates hydrologic-hydraulic processes produced by storm events and related soil erosion and sediment transport processes at basin scale in lowland areas. The model simulates (i) storm runoff,(ii) soil detachment by raindrop impact and overland flow (gross sediment yield),(iii) sediment transport by overland flow and associated erosion-deposition processes and (iv) sediment transport by stream flow and riverbed erosion-deposition processes. A quasi two-dimensional representation of water flow and sediment transport routing is made by means of interconnected cells approach. The model is applied to simulate two flooding events in the Luduea Creek basin (Santa Fe, Argentina) occurred in April 1994 and March 2007 due to extraordinary rainfalls.  相似文献   

汾渭地震带地震趋势数学建模分析     

薛丁  王立巍  赵蒙生 《地震》2010,30(1):147-151

按照中国大陆及邻近地区活动地块和地震带的划分方案, 使用Mapsis软件选取了汾渭地震带1000年以来M_S4.7以上地震, 这样的地震资料应具有地质单元的统一性。 使用数学中19阶多项式模型, 对地震资料进行最佳逼近拟合, 并递推未来1—2年时间尺度预测。 模型中的参数用最小二乘法求取。 引用一种数学方法来描述汾渭地震带的地震趋势规律。  相似文献   

地震预报实验场:科学问题与科学目标     

"地震预报发展规划"工作组 《中国地震》2010,26(1)

本文简要回顾了以往地震预报实验场的经验教训,讨论了新一代地震预报实验场的实施策略。汲取汶川地震的经验启示,本文提出"地震博弈"策略,即考虑中长期地震预测的可用性与不确定性,在监测与实验系统设计中考虑地震活动和地震构造相依的区域模型。对于特定的活动断裂或活动地块边界带的潜在强震段落,设置适应多种孕震模型的"想定地震破裂",针对地震孕育的"想定模式"设计观测项目和监测系统。这一系统以地震成因和孕震模型的有效约束、"预期"前兆的有效监测、预测/预报效能的有效检验为导向。从技术角度,本文提出将地震预报实验场作为一个"大科学工程",强调复杂的多层次、多组分技术系统性能的稳健性,以及为确保与地震有效的"近距离接触"的系统可持续性。  相似文献