基于图像分割的成像测井资料目标拾取与计算          下载免费PDF全文

赵军  祁兴中  刘瑞林  钟广发 《地球物理学进展》2007,22(5):1502-1509

为了从FMI资料中提取定量信息,一个很重要的步骤就是要对FMI图像数据进行分割.即从实际FMI资料中分离出反映孔洞、裂缝的子图像,然后用相应的方法对分割后的子图像进行分析处理,提取相应参数.本文通过研究大量图像分割算法,认为奇异点多阈值分割算法、基于过度区的分割算法、Hopfield网络方法、基于图像间模糊散度的阈值化算法是FMI图像分割的有效方法,实现了从FMI图像中将地层中有用目标,从背景中分离出来.同时,为了得到孔洞及裂缝的形状参数,本文还研究了轮廓跟踪标识边缘的方法以及根据标识的边缘进行填充的算法.在此基础上,也研究了根据目标边缘坐标计算目标的长度、宽度、圆度、裂缝密度、孔洞密度等参数的方法.上述所有方法在SUN工作站GeoFrame平台上开发成功,通过对LX45等八口井的处理结果与岩心分析数据对比表明,效果较好.  相似文献   

Epikarst hydrology and implications for stalagmite capture of climate changes at Grotta di Ernesto (NE Italy): results from long‐term monitoring     

Renza Miorandi  Andrea Borsato  Silvia Frisia  Ian J. Fairchild  Detlev K. Richter 《水文研究》2010,24(21):3101-3114

Grotta di Ernesto is a cave site well suited for palaeoclimate studies because it contains annually laminated stalagmites and was monitored from 1995 to the end of 2008 for microclimate, hydrology and hydrochemistry. Long‐term monitoring highlighted that cave drips show three different hydrological responses to rainfall and infiltration: (1) fast seasonal drips in the upper part of the cave, which are mostly fed by fractures, (2) slow seasonal drips, located at mid‐depth in the cave characterized by mixed feeding and (3) slow drips, mostly located in the deeper gallery, which are fed by seepage flow from bulk porosity with a minor fracture‐fed component. The slow drips display daily cycles during spring thaw. Monitoring also indicated that drip waters are only slightly modified by degassing within the soil zone and aquifer and by prior calcite precipitation. Hydrochemical studies show a clear seasonality in calcite saturation index, which results in most cave calcite precipitation occurring during late autumn and winter with similar amounts of precipitated calcite on most stalagmites, regardless of drip rate (discharge) differences. Drip rate, and drip rate variability, therefore, has a minor role in modulating the amount of annual calcite formation. In contrast, drip rate, when associated with moderate reduction in calcite saturation index, clearly influences stalagmite morphology. Increasing drip rate yields a passage from candle‐, to cone‐ to dome‐shaped stalagmites. Very high drip rates feed speleothems with flowstone morphology. In summary, monitoring provides information about the karst aquifer and how hydrology influences those physical and chemical characteristics of speleothems which are commonly used as climate proxies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

周口店新发现距今11～1.9万年的洞穴堆积层的成因及年代学研究     

田明中  曹伯勋 《现代地质》1993,7(4):421-427

本文对周口店新发现距今11～1.9万年的东岭子洞穴堆积物进行了成因研究,认为该套堆积物并非全属岩溶堆积物,其中也有风成黄土沉积。应用古地磁、热发光及铀系法等年代学方法测定,认为这套堆积为距今11～1.9万年间沉积,弥补了周口店地区近5万年的晚更新世洞穴地层空缺,是一个含有丰富地质事件的晚更新世洞穴地层剖面。  相似文献   

瞬变电磁法在工程地质勘察中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

戴定璇  丁进  马昌今  陈道海 《物探与化探》1995,19(5):385-390

用瞬变电磁法在黄石市某矿主竖井建设地段查明了地表到地下100m的岩洞、构造破碎带、断裂带,并利用这些资料讨论了洞的成因及其与断裂破碎带的关系.圆满地完成了矿方提出的地质任务.  相似文献   

Mass movements in cave sediments: investigation of a ∼40,000-year-old guano mudflow inside the entrance of the Great Cave of Niah, Sarawak, Borneo     

A. P. Dykes 《Landslides》2007,4(3):279-290

The West Mouth of the Great Cave at Niah in Sarawak, northwest Borneo and the North Passage that leads to the West Mouth contain large deposits of guano. The main deposit, several metres thick in places, forms the sloping floor of the entire North Passage. A mass movement deposit identified in the West Mouth, having a volume of 600 m³, originated as a guano mudflow up the North Passage in the order of 40,000 years ago. This failure of the guano slope was investigated to determine whether particular conditions or events could be identified as the most likely causes. The physical, hydrological and geotechnical properties of samples of the material were determined so that the stability of the slope could be assessed. Stability analyses showed that shearing failure of the slope would require inputs of water to the slope in quantities for which no feasible explanation can be suggested. However, the properties of the guano are similar to those of loess, indicating a high susceptibility to ‘hydrocollapse’. Very shallow failure of the slope, possibly as several smaller mudflows, could therefore have occurred due to additional water in quantities that could realistically be supplied as rainwater spray, possibly with a seismic trigger. The climate must therefore have been wetter than it is at present. These findings have implications for the interpretation of sediment deposits in other relict caves.  相似文献   

圆梁山隧道毛坝向斜段典型岩溶现象及发育分布特征   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

屈科  许模  徐则民  王科  蒋良文 《地质灾害与环境保护》2001,12(1):43-47

圆梁山隧道毛坝向斜段核部及两翼的可溶地层中发衣分布有大量的典型岩溶现象，本文详尽讨论了岩溶洼地，槽谷，巨型组合槽谷和地下溶洞等大型岩溶形态的基本特征，形成机制，受控因素，并进一步认识到其发育分布主要受控于岩性和构造因素。  相似文献   

热源法探测陡河水库左坝肩绕坝渗漏通道     

陈建生  樊哲超  董海洲  吴庆林  孟文琦  乔冠军 《水文地质工程地质》2006,33(5):61-65

通过热源法对陡河水库渗漏通道的探测发现,陡河水库左坝肩存在着绕坝渗漏通道。在左坝肩基岩10m高程附近存在低温场异常,通过对水库底部附近温度场分布测量,判定出低温水来自上游右支河水的补给,通过低温区分布确定出绕坝渗漏强渗漏通道的位置,在库水位保持在32m时,根据热源法计算出渗漏通道的渗漏量在3.59×105~4.74×105m3/d之间,钻孔发现水库边基岩中的水位比库水位低22m,水位差是造成了水库跌窝事故的主要原因,在11#钻孔中发现了来自河床的细砂,在11#和9#孔中的连通试验证实基岩中的强渗漏通道。  相似文献   

贵州七星洞滴水的水文水化学特征及其意义   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

周运超  王世杰 《水文地质工程地质》2006,33(1):52-57

本文对贵州都匀七星洞9个滴水点进行厂为期1年的动态临测，结果显示滴水的物质组成直接源自于洞穴环境，即土壤和岩石。而大气降雨携带的物质成分较少。洞穴滴水的化学组成中元素含量变化主要由水运移过程中水-土、水-岩作用导致的岩石溶解-方解石沉淀过程所控制。QXD-1#、QXD-2#、QXD-6#、QXD-7#、QXD-8#由于水运移过程中经过的土壤较薄。水-岩作用对滴水化学特性的贡献略大。稀释作用发生在干旱条件下的QXD-2#滴水点，活塞作用在雨季对QXD-7#、QXD-9#滴水产生影响，在不同的季节，QXD-1#、QXD-3#、QXD-8#滴水点的滴率产生跳跃式变化。这些作用均受控于水的来源差异。所有这些过程对滴水点水化学产生影响但其效果较弱。滴水的Mg／Ca指示了大气降雨的变化，其值受控于洞穴顶板内水运移过程中水-土、水-岩作用下的水文地球化学过程即岩石的溶解、方解石沉淀过程及土壤物理、化学、生物学过程等。  相似文献   

地质雷达探测工程的几个问题   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

余中明  丁强 《地质找矿论丛》2006,21(Z1):182-184

地质雷达(GPR)探测技术在浅层地质勘探领域广泛应用,并取得较好的应用效果.文章针对消除干扰的方法、关于防空洞探测、关于公路路面检测和隧道衬砌质量检测、地下岩溶探测等内容进行了探讨.  相似文献   

利用灵山洞钟乳石中流体包裹体研究更新世古环境     

周念清 刘斌李彩霞  唐益群 《岩石学报》2007,23(9):2045-2051

流体包裹体在喀斯特溶洞化学沉积物中广泛分布,这些在化学沉积过程中所形成的流体包裹体蕴藏着大量的古环境演化和气候变迁的重要信息。通过采集杭州灵山洞中更新世形成的钟乳石样品,对不同纹圈中流体包裹体进行测定,研究流体包裹体的特征,利用不混溶气-水包裹体中最大密度判别和计算方法确定六个纹圈中精确的形成温度和压力;根据气-水-岩化学反应平衡热力学方法,计算出 CO_2成分浓度和古地下水中 pH 值及钟乳石样品形成过程中的 CaCO_3饱和度等。揭示了杭州地区更新纪古环境演化规律。  相似文献