慢特征分析法在气象上的应用进展     

潘昕浓  王革丽  王鹏飞 《气象与环境科学》2016,39(1):96-101

气候系统具有非平稳特征,根本原因在于其外强迫随时间发生改变,因此外部驱动力的分析对于理解气候系统的动力学特征至关重要,而如何有效提取系统外部驱动信息是一个亟待解决的前沿科学问题。最近几年,在生物神经学领域中应用的一种提取非平稳信号中外强迫信息的方法——慢特征分析法(Slow Feature Analysis,SFA),在气象领域中也得到了初步成功的尝试,结果显示出此方法对气候系统的外强迫信息分析及有关动力学机制的探究有较好的应用前景。本文主要介绍SFA方法的理论思想及实施步骤,并通过一个理想的非平稳时间序列检验其提取外强迫信息的能力,结果证明在衰减的Logistic模型中,可利用SFA算法提取出模型中的外强迫,且与真实外强迫的相关系数可达0.99;此外,还介绍将该方法应用于Arosa臭氧时间序列,分析其提取的外强迫信息的动力学特征;并介绍了在气候时间序列建模中引入外强迫因子的预测效果。  相似文献   

Landscape pattern and transition under natural and anthropogenic disturbance in an arid region of northwestern China     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2016

There is a pressing need to determine the relationships between driving variables and landscape transformations. Human activities shape landscapes and turn them into complex assemblages of highly diverse structures. Other factors, including climate and topography, also play significant roles in landscape transitions, and identifying the interactions among the variables is critical to environmental management. This study analyzed the configurations and spatial-temporal processes of landscape changes from 1998 to 2011 under different anthropogenic disturbances, identified the main variables that determine the landscape patterns and transitions, and quantified the relationships between pairs of driver sets. Landsat images of Baicheng and Tekes from 1998, 2006 and 2011 were used to classify landscapes by supervised classification. Redundancy analysis (RDA) and variation partitioning were performed to identify the main driving forces and to quantify the unique, shared, and total explained variation of the sets of variables. The results indicate that the proportions of otherwise identical landscapes in Baicheng and Tekes were very different. The area of the grassland in Tekes was much larger than that of the cropland; however, the differences between the grassland and cropland in Baicheng were not as pronounced. Much of the grassland in Tekes was located in an area that was near residents, whereas most of the grassland in Baicheng was far from residents. The slope, elevation, annual precipitation, annual temperature, and distance to the nearest resident were strong driving forces influencing the patterns and transitions of the landscapes. The results of the variation partitioning indicated complex interrelationships among all of the pairs of driver sets. All of the variable sets had significant explanatory roles, most of which had both unique and shared variations with the others. The results of this study can assist policy makers and planners in implementing sustainable landscape management and effective protection strategies.  相似文献   

植被作用下土壤抗剪强度和径流侵蚀力的耦合效应   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

肖培青  姚文艺  王国庆  杨春霞  申震洲 《水科学进展》2016,27(2):224-230

利用野外径流小区动态监测和人工模拟降雨试验,阐明了草被和灌木的减流减沙效应,从力学层面揭示了坡面侵蚀产沙的过程机理。结果表明,与裸地相比,野外坡面草地和灌木地径流量分别减少28.1%~56.5%和85.7%~100%、产沙量分别减少84.9%~90.7%和98.5%~100%;在人工模拟降雨强度下,草地和灌木地径流量分别减少51.9%~90.9%和61.7%~80.6%、产沙量分别减少93.6%~99.2%和95.5%~99.2%;植被具有明显的增强土壤抗剪强度的作用,不同植被坡面抗剪强度与剪切面上的法向压力成正比,且符合库仑定律;不同下垫面条件下土壤黏聚力与坡面径流量和侵蚀产沙量呈显著的负相关关系,随着黏聚力的增大,径流量和侵蚀产沙量呈下降趋势;草地和灌木地坡面侵蚀临界径流切应力分别为裸地的2.64~3.16倍和2.44~3.18倍,建立了不同被覆坡面临界径流切应力与土壤抗剪强度和黏聚力的关系。研究结果对定量评价植被减蚀作用和深化土壤侵蚀力学过程有一定的参考意义。  相似文献   

Numerical Investigation of Submarine Hydrodynamics and Flow Field in Steady Turn   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

曹留帅  朱军  万文彬 《海洋工程》2016,(1):57-68

This paper presents numerical simulations of viscous flow past a submarine model in steady turn by solving the Reynolds-Averaged Navier?Stokes Equations (RANSE) for incompressible, steady flows. The rotating coordinate system was adopted to deal with the rotation problem. The Coriolis force and centrifugal force due to the computation in a body-fixed rotating frame of reference were treated explicitly and added to momentum equations as source terms. Furthermore, velocities of entrances were coded to give the correct magnitude and direction needed. Two turbulence closure models (TCMs), the RNG model with wall functions and curvature correction and the Shear Stress Transport (SST) model without the use of wall functions, but with curvature correction and low-Re correction were introduced, respectively. Take DARPA SUBOFF model as the test case, a series of drift angle varying between 0° and 16° at a Reynolds number of 6.53×106 undergoing rotating arm test simulations were conducted. The computed forces and moment as a function of drift angle during the steady turn are mostly in close agreement with available experimental data. Though the difference between the pressure coefficients around the hull form was observed, they always show the same trend. It was demonstrated that using sufficiently fine grids and advanced turbulence models will lead to accurate prediction of the flow field as well as the forces and moments on the hull.  相似文献   

Driving forces and their interactions of built-up land expansion based on the geographical detector – a case study of Beijing,China     

Hongrun Ju  Lijun Zuo  Jinfeng Wang  Shengrui Zhang  Xiao Wang 《International journal of geographical information science》2016,30(11):2188-2207

Scientific interpretation of the driving forces of built-up land expansion is essential to urban planning and policy-making. In general, built-up land expansion results from the interactions of different factors, and thus, understanding the combined impacts of built-up land expansion is beneficial. However, previous studies have primarily been concerned with the separate effect of each driver, rather than the interactions between the drivers. Using the built-up land expansion in Beijing from 2000 to 2010 as a study case, this research aims to fill this gap. A spatial statistical method, named the geographical detector, was used to investigate the effects of physical and socioeconomic factors. The effects of policy factors were also explored using physical and socioeconomic factors as proxies. The results showed that the modifiable areal unit problem existed in the geographical detector, and 4000 m might be the optimal scale for the classification performed in this study. At this scale, the interactions between most factors enhanced each other, which indicated that the interactions had greater effects on the built-up land expansion than any single factor. In addition, two pairs of nonlinear enhancement, the greatest enhancement type, were found between the distance to rivers and two socioeconomic factors: the total investment in fixed assets and GDP. Moreover, it was found that the urban plans, environmental protection policies and major events had a great impact on built-up land expansion. The findings of this study verify that the geographical detector is applicable in analysing the driving forces of built-up land expansion. This study also offers a new perspective in researching the interactions between different drivers.  相似文献   

浮托安装进船过程中护舷碰撞力实测研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

葛洪亮  李欣  杨建民  田新亮 《海洋工程》2016,34(3):19-27

浮托安装法广泛应用于大型组块海上安装。导管架平台上部组块浮托安装进船过程中,风、浪、流引起的浮托驳船横向运动造成浮托驳船与导管架桩腿的碰撞,碰撞力可能会对导管架结构造成损伤。陆丰7-2上部组块浮托安装中,为了监测碰撞力大小,设计了碰撞力海上监测系统。通过在导管架外侧四个桩腿上安装光纤光栅应变传感器对碰撞过程中导管架桩腿进行应力监测,进而计算碰撞力。对碰撞过程,载荷作用位置、方向进行简化,并对载荷大小及垂向作用位置对计算的影响进行了研究。结构分析模型简化后,测点von-Mises应力与碰撞力大小成正比,对导管架整体结构建模计算并取局部结构计算比例系数,结合应力实测数据计算出进船过程中驳船对导管架桩腿碰撞力。  相似文献   

Safety Assessment of Buried Pipeline during Pile Driving Vibration in Offshore Engineering     

Jingbo Su  Jianfeng Li  Ruihu Zhu  Wanggen Qin  Qiu Zhai 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2016,34(7):689-702

To assess the impact of pile driving on adjacent submarine pipelines during the reconstruction of a pier berth, the local damage model of submarine pipelines is established to explore the safety thresholds of the particle peak velocity and horizontal displacement. The results are analyzed and adjusted by the existing standards and the corresponding literatures. Then, a three-dimensional numerical model is presented to assess the feasibility of the construction of piles by the obtained safety limits, in which the nonlinear behavior of the soil and stress–seepage coupling analysis are considered. After the construction, the safety of submarine pipelines is rechecked by the measured value of the particle peak velocity and horizontal displacement. Meanwhile, the propagation law of vibration, the horizontal displacement of underground soil, and the pore pressure during pile driving are explored. The results indicate that the construction of piles of 2# mooring pier did not cause damage to adjacent submarine pipelines. However, the construction of piles of 1# mooring pier which is nearer may cause damage to submarine pipelines.  相似文献   

塔里木盆地塔中II区奥陶系油气差异性分布及其主控因素分析     

沈卫兵  庞雄奇  陈践发  王阳洋  张科  贾颖超  罗广平 《地质论评》2018,64(4):913-926

为探求塔里木盆地塔中II区奥陶系油气水分布规律,对现有勘探成果及断裂、不整合面、构造背景进行分析,应用常规测井、地震及地化等多种方法开展研究。结果表明:塔中II区奥陶系油气分布在平面上呈现出"马鞍状"三分特征,东部塔中I号坡折带、西部塔中10号断裂带多分布气油比、干燥系数、硫化氢含量、含蜡量相对较高、密度相对较低的凝析气藏,两构造带之间的过渡带以挥发性油藏或油藏分布为主;油气在纵向上主要分布于层间不整合面以下300 m范围内。综合分析认为,不整合面纵向上控制了储层、油气藏的主体发育层位,平面上通过差异溶蚀作用造成的储层非均质性控制了油气的主要分布范围;断裂对储层物性具有明显的改善作用,形成有效的输导通道,控制了油气的充注强度及油气藏类型;斜坡背景上的局部构造高点控制了油气的差异分布,越靠近高点,油气越易富集。  相似文献   

基于恒速压汞技术研究页岩气储层孔隙结构:以湘西北地区五峰组页岩为例     

王静 《地质与勘探》2021,57(2):450-456

页岩气储层孔隙结构是页岩气富集成藏、储层评价和优选有利区的关键参数,区分孔隙和喉道是表征页岩气储层孔隙结构的关键。本文选择4块具有不同渗透率的湘西北地区奥陶系五峰组页岩为研究对象,基于恒速压汞实验讨论孔隙和喉道的大小、分布特征及其相互关系以及与渗透率的联系。结果表明:具有不同渗透率的页岩样品表现为较为相近的孔径分布特征但差异较大的喉道分布特征。页岩样品渗透率的大小与孔隙半径没有明显相关关系;喉道大小及其分布特征是控制低渗储层孔隙结构的关键要素之一。渗透率较低页岩样品的喉道以喉道半径小且集中分布为特征,而渗透率较大页岩样品的喉道以喉道半径大呈分散分布但主要以大喉道为特征。喉道特征是研究页岩气储层储集空间和吸附能力的重要部分,在以后对页岩气的勘探开发中应特别注意及重视。  相似文献   

冲击地压关键层远程区域水力压裂防治技术          下载免费PDF全文

黄澎涛 《探矿工程》2021,48(S1):187-194

针对我国目前冲击地压防治工程人员身处冲击危险区域,无法实现区域先行、超前治理的局面,论文提出了矿井冲击地压关键层远程钻孔水力压裂防治技术。分析了我国冲击地压矿井的地质条件和近几年重大冲击地压灾害的特点,认为华北石炭—二叠系煤田和侏罗系煤田很多冲击地压煤矿煤层上覆地层,普遍发育厚层坚硬的砂岩关键层,能量的释放符合冲击地压形成的“3因素”理论。经论证,关键层脆性强,硬度大,易于压裂,利用水力压裂法解除地应力是合适的;井下长钻孔、地面深孔和地面导斜钻孔的施工技术和钻孔水力压裂技术已成熟,实现远程钻孔水力压裂区域性的防治冲击地压是可行的。工业性试验显示,井下长钻孔顺层分段水力压裂长度可达800 m,水压可达40 MPa,裂缝半径为40 m;地面垂直钻孔分段压裂深度可达3000 m,压裂段高>100 m,压力达80 MPa,裂缝半径为100~200 m;地面导斜钻孔水平顺层段长度达1000 m,压力达80 MPa,裂缝半径为100~150 m;压裂前后煤体应力或支架压力的检测数据对比显示,压裂后的应力较压裂前降低了10 MPa以上,满足区域治理的要求,钻孔远程水力压裂在防治冲击地压上较传统方法具有显著超前优势、区域优势、效率优势、安全优势和环保优势,可以做到冲击地压防治区段的无人化,满足区域先行、超前治理的国家要求。  相似文献