中国岩浆硫化物矿床的主要成矿机制   总被引：38，自引：8，他引：30  

汤中立 《地质学报》1996,70(3):237-243

深部熔离—贯入成矿机制,即指母岩浆侵入现存空间之前,在深部就发生了熔离作用和部分结晶作用,使母岩浆分离为不含矿岩浆、含矿岩浆、富矿岩浆、矿浆几部分,然后对现存空间一次或多次上侵贯入成矿。一般来说,经过深部熔离后的不含矿岩浆的体积,比含矿岩浆、富矿岩浆和矿浆的体积要大得多,在上侵过程中,不含矿岩浆大部分都侵入到不同的空间或喷溢出地表,形成岩群或岩流,剩余的岩浆、含矿岩浆、富矿岩浆和矿浆可以多次贯入同一空间成岩、成矿(金川),也可以分别贯入不同的空间成岩、成矿(红旗岭)。比照就地熔离的矿床,这种深部熔离—贯入矿床的岩体体积就小得多,含矿率和矿石品位也高得多,所以这种成矿作用导致形成小岩体,大矿床。  相似文献   

Arsenic contamination in surface drainage and groundwater in part of the southeast Asian tin belt,Nakhon Si Thammarat Province,southern Thailand   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

M. Williams  F. Fordyce  A. Paijitprapapon  P. Charoenchaisri 《Environmental Geology》1996,27(1):16-33

The occurrence of human health problems resulting from arsenic contamination of domestic water supplies in Ron Phibun District, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, southern Thailand was first recognized in 1987. The area has an extensive history of bedrock and alluvial mining, the waste from which is typically rich in arsenopyrite and related alteration products. In 1994 a collaborative study was instigated involving Thai and British government authorities to establish the distribution and geochemical form of As in surface drainage and aquifer systems in the affected area, the probable sources of As contamination, and the potential for problem alleviation. Hydrochemical analyses of surface- and groundwaters have confirmed the presence of dissolved As at concentrations exceeding WHO potable water guidelines by up to a factor of 500. Contamination of the shallow alluvial aquifer system is systematically more severe than the underlying carbonate-hosted aquifer. Deep boreholes may therefore provide the best available potable water source for the local population. The presence of up to 39% of total As as arsenite (H₃AsO₃) within the carbonate aquifer may, however, constitute a hidden toxicological risk, not evident in the shallow groundwater (in which arsenate species account for > 95% of total As). Mineralogical investigations of As-rich tailings and flotation wastes were undertaken to evaluate their likely impact on water quality. The results indicate that although some flotation wastes contain up to 30% As, the rate of leaching is extremely low. Consequently the As loading of drainage emanating from such waste is below the subregional average. Analyses of the silty alluvium that covers much of the central sector of the study area have highlighted As concentrations of up to 5000 mg kg^–1, probably carried by disseminated arsenopyrite. Following sulfide dissolution, the mobility of As in this material may be high (with resultant contamination of shallow groundwater) due to the low Fe content of the soil. On the basis of the data acquired, a range of pollution mitigation schemes are currently under investigation including Fe supplementation of alluvium and microbial degradation of disseminated arsenopyrite.  相似文献   

结晶岩取心深孔钻进施工设想技术方案          下载免费PDF全文

张伟 《探矿工程》1996,(4):5-7

介绍了制定中国结晶岩取心科学孔钻进施工技术方案的总原则和先决条件,以此为基础,提出建议的钻孔结构套管程序,最 后提出了能满足这些原则、条件以及钻孔结构和套管程序要求的５０００ｍ取心科学钻孔施工设想技术方案。  相似文献   

Nd-Sr isotopic and trace element study of rocks and fluids from the continental deep drilling Project (KTB), Germany     

F. Teichmann  A. R. Basu 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1996,85(1):162-171

Geochemical analyses were interpreted on the dominant lithological units and on a deep crustal fluid from the Continental Deep Drilling Project (KTB) Pilot Hole, situated at the western margin of the Variscan Bohemian Massif. The biotite gneiss (from 384 m depth) shows a rare earth element pattern very similar to the European shale composite with Nd model ages of 940 Ma (CHUR) and 1.4 Ga (DM). The lamprophyre dike in the upper profile (1549 m), a nepheline and olivine normative basalt, is geochemically and isotopically similar to rocks from the Tertiary Central European Volcanic Province. The lower metabasite sequence (3575–4000 m), with an intrusion age of approximately 500 Ma, is made up primarily of highly metamorphosed subalkalic olivine basalts. The geochemical characteristics of the metabasites are a (La/Yb)_N of 5–10, an La concentration of 20–50 times chondrite as well as (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i of 0.7035–0.7038 and _Nd(T) of 4–6. These values suggest a depleted mantle source for the igneous precursors, evolving by assimilation-fractional crystallization processes with up to 25% of upper crust into the ultramafic, basaltic, and intermediate rock types of the metabasite sequence. The strong geochemical and chronological similarities between the KTB metabasites and rocks from the Münchberg Massif suggest that these units belong to the same lithological complex. The high salinity as well as the radiogenic ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio of 0.709413 in the KTB fluid from 4000 m depth might be the result of migrating fluids reacting with the regional Permo-Mesozoic evaporite deposits, followed by extensive Sr isotopic exchange with the upper crust.  相似文献   

FACILITATING REGIONAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT THROUGH INTEGRATED MULTI-OBJECTIVE UTILIZATION, MANAGEMENT OF WATER RESOURCES IN THE LANCANG-MEKONG RIVER BASIN     

He Daming Centre for Environmental Evolution  Sustainable Development  Yunnan Institute of Geography  Kunming  China Hsiang te Kung Memphis University  TN  USA 《地理学报(英文版)》1997,(4)

Ｉ.ＨｙｄｒｏｇｅｏｇｒａｐｈｉｃａｌＣｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓＴｈｅＬａｎｃａｎｇＭｅｋｏｎｇＲｉｖｅｒｏｒｉｇｉｎａｔｅｓｆｒｏｍａｓｍａｌｌｇｌａｃｉｅｒｏｆ0.4ｋｍ2ｉｎａｒｅａａｔａｎｅｌｅｖａｔｉｏｎｏｆ5167ｍｉｎＬａｓａｉｇｏｎｇｍａＭｏｕｎｔａｉｎ(ａｌｓｏｃａｌｌｅｄＺｈａｉｃｕｏＭｏｕｎｔａｉｎ)ａｔｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎｆｏｏｔｏｆＴａｎｇｇｕｌａＭｏｕｎｔａｉｎＲａｎｇｅｗｉｔｈｉｎＺａｄｕｏＣｏｕｎｔｙ,ＹｕｓｈｕＴｉｂｅｔａｎＡｕｔｏｎｏｍｏｕｓＰｒｅｆｅｃｔｕｒｅ,Ｑｉｎｇ…  相似文献   

基于均值变点分析法的资源三号测绘卫星DSM水系自动提取研究——以云南省高海拔山区为例     

肖雨薇  葛莹  刘梦迪  雷兵  谭海 《地理信息世界》2016,(5)

水系自动提取是保证基础地理数据现势性的关键,而获得最佳集水面积阈值是提高水系提取精度的前提条件。集水面积阈值一般依靠定性分析的方法获取,采用均值变点分析法定量确定水系的集水面积阈值,可以满足基础地理数据精确性的要求。以云南省龙川江流域为研究区域,基于资源三号测绘卫星ZY-3 DSM和SRTM DEM两种数据,利用GIS工具分别提取该流域水系,再由均值变点分析法确定最佳集水面积阈值,并比较分析这两种水系的提取精度。研究结果表明:1随着集水面积阈值的增加,提取的水系密度减小且趋缓。ZY-3 DSM和SRTM DEM的最佳集水面积阈值分别是6.0 km~2和2.75 km~2;2在最佳集水面积阈值下,ZY-3 DSM提取的河流数比SRTM DEM多20.6倍,河流等级多2级,各级支流数为SRTM DEM的4.7~9.5倍不等,水系密度达到SRTM DEM的4.5倍;3与1:250 000水系数据相比,ZY-3 DSM和SRTM提取的河流点位平均相差395.23 m,RMSE为391.83 m。由此可见,利用均值变点分析法基于ZY-3 DSM提取的水系精度更高,完全满足测绘地理数据更新的现势性、准确性要求。  相似文献   

Two-phase Material Point Method applied to the study of cone penetration     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2016

This paper presents numerical simulations of Cone Penetration Test (CPT) in water-saturated soft soils taking into account pore pressure dissipation during installation. Besides modelling interaction between soil skeleton and pore fluid, the problem involves large soil deformations in the vicinity of the penetrometer, soil–structure interaction, and complex non-linear response of soil. This makes such simulations challenging. Depending on the soil’s permeability and compressibility, undrained, partially drained or drained conditions might occur. Partially drained conditions are commonly encountered in soils such as silts and sand–clay mixtures. However, this is often neglected in CPT interpretation, which may lead to inaccurate estimates of soil properties. This paper aims at improving the understanding of the penetration process in different drainage conditions through advanced numerical analyses. A two-phase Material Point Method is applied to simulate large soil deformations and generation and dissipation of excess pore pressures during penetration. The constitutive behaviour of soil is modelled with the Modified Cam Clay model. Numerical results are compared with experimental data showing good agreement.  相似文献   

江西乐平市戴村生态环境健康风险评价     

陈龙  赵元艺  常玉虎 《地质论评》2016,62(S1):259-260

戴村位于江西省乐平市,长期受毗邻德兴矿集区内多个矿山开采产生的重金属污染的影响,矿山开采过程中,开采与选冶、矿山尾砂库堆积、露天废石厂淋滤和老窿洞等产生的废渣废水能携带大量重金属元素通过向土壤、地表水、地下水、及生物体中迁移,长此以往可造成严重的重金属污染,进而破坏地区生态环境（刘春阳等,2006;王晓亮等,2013;Liu Guannan et al.,2013;柳建平等,2014）  相似文献   

Processing Modflow在基坑疏干抽排水中的应用     

孙怀军  李连营  刘承磊 《世界地质》2016,35(2):549-558

以天津某基坑为研究对象,采用Processing Modflow数值模拟软件建立了地下水三维渗流与地面沉降耦合模型。模拟了基坑疏干抽排水在完成支护、止水帷幕施工条件下其周边地下水位和地面沉降的实时变化:即由于疏干抽排水引起的基坑周边约80 m内地下水水位降幅在0.90~82.15 cm之间,约80 m内地面沉降量在0.001~26.21 mm之间。模拟结果与后期监测数据吻合较好,能够较为真实的反映降水过程对周边环境的影响。  相似文献   

大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)新品种“东海1号”体长相关的DArT标记筛选     

徐圣钊  林勉  闫松松  史雨红  苗亮  李明云  陈炯 《海洋与湖沼》2016,47(5):1047-1054

大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)是我国重要的海产经济鱼类。因多年未加选育的累代养殖,养殖大黄鱼生长缓慢,性早熟、免疫力低下,亟需对养殖大黄鱼进行遗传改良。多样性芯片技术(Diversity arrays technology,DAr T)具有高通量和低成本的显著特点,不需要明确物种的基因组DNA序列信息,因而广泛应用于动植物遗传图谱制作和遗传多样性分析。本研究旨在采用DAr T技术鉴定与"东海1号"大黄鱼体长相关分子标记。首先随机测得"东海1号"大黄鱼199个个体体长,均值为13.45cm,符合正态分布(P0.05),"极端大群体"和"极端小群体"之间差异显著(P0.01)。然后采用7组限制性内切酶组合(Pst I/Alu I、Pst I/Ban II、Pst I/Bsp1286I、Pst I/Bst NI、Pst I/Hae III、Pst I/Rsa I、Pst I/Taq I)分别进行酶切,获得基因组代表性DNA片段并用于文库构建。根据多态性克隆数和多态性率确定Pst I/Rsa I酶切组合为最优降低基因组复杂度方法。之后从Pst I/Rsa I基因组代表性DNA片段文库中扩增获得3360个片段,以此为多样性芯片探针进行芯片点制,杂交筛选获得18个大黄鱼体长相关DAr T候选标记。经过新群体样本再次验证,仍有8个DAr T标记与体长相关。本研究有助于选育生长性状优良的大黄鱼群体。  相似文献