Long-wavelength Cloud Rolls Over the Arctic Ice     

George Chimonas 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2000,94(1):89-113

Cloud bands observed over the Arctic sea ice are interpreted in terms of long-wavelength gravity-wave modes trapped between the ground and a vertically-thin over-reflecting layer in the mid-troposphere. The over-reflecting layer is neutrally-stratified and lies between the counter-streaming upper troposphere and lower troposphere in a strong high-pressure system. The Arctic cloud bands appear to share many features with the long-wavelength roll waves observed in more temperate latitudes.  相似文献   

ANISOTROPIC FEATURE OF QIANGTANG MASSIF TEXTURE   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Yang Xingke  Liu Chiyang  Sun Dongsheng  Wang Dingyi  Lu BingWT  ”BX 《地学前缘》2000,(Z1)

ANISOTROPIC FEATURE OF QIANGTANG MASSIF TEXTURE  相似文献   

On the Layering Artifacts in Seismic Imageries     

周华伟 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2011,(2)

A common feature in seismic imageries of the crust and mantle is a layering pattern.Layering structures do exist in multiple scales,such as layered strata and unconformities in local and regional scales,and undulating seismic discontinuities in the crust and mantle.However,layering arti-fact also exists due to limitations in seismic processing and data coverage.There is a tendency for seis-mic stacking methods to over-map reflectors and scatters into along-isochron layers.In contrast,seis-mic tomography met...  相似文献   

Layering in the lower crust   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Satish C. Singh  Dan McKenzie 《Geophysical Journal International》1993,113(3):622-628

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地应力分层技术在压裂设计优化中的应用     

张美玲  董传雷  蔺建华 《地质力学学报》2017,23(3):467-474

纵向连续地应力分布对井中储层的压裂施工设计具有重要的指导意义。以卫星油田葡萄花油藏储层为研究对象,结合实际储层压裂数据,优化建立由连续测井数据计算地层最小主应力的数学模型,给出合理的沿井轴连续的地应力剖面。以自然电位曲线的分层为基准,按照一定规则将应力剖面曲线、自然伽马曲线分层取值,并计算待压裂层与上(下)隔层间的"隔层厚度"、"储隔层应力差"、"隔层品质"等参数。利用研究区实际压裂设计数据,以避免压裂过程中待压裂岩层发生"窜槽"为目的,研究给出了不同参数岩层,在压裂排量、压砂强度、单位厚度用液量及压裂方式等施工参数方面的约束条件。实际井例的应用说明,这些条件可有效保障勘探开发压裂工艺的成功率。  相似文献   

On the origin of microrhythmic layering in arfvedsonite lujavrite from the Ilímaussaq alkaline complex, South Greenland     

John C. Bailey  Henning Srensen  Tom Andersen  Lia N. Kogarko  John Rose-Hansen 《Lithos》2006,91(1-4):301-318

Microrhythmic layering is locally developed in agpaitic arfvedsonite lujavrite from the Ilímaussaq alkaline complex, South Greenland. Three–15-cm-thick laminated dark layers alternate with 1–10-cm-thick, light-coloured granular urtitic layers. Dark layers are uniform (isomodal) but the urtitic layers are enriched in early nepheline and eudialyte in their lower parts and in late analcime and REE phosphate minerals in the upper parts. The layers are separated by sharp contacts; they are draped around rafts from the overlying roof zone and lack structures indicative of current processes or post-cumulus deformation. Compared with the background arfvedsonite lujavrite of the complex, the dark layers are richer in sodalite, microcline and arfvedsonite and poorer in analcime and eudialyte. They have higher K₂O, Cl, FeO and S but lower Na₂O, H₂O⁺, Zr and P contents, the opposite of the light-coloured layers. The complementary chemistry of the two types of layers oscillates about the composition of the background arfvedsonite lujavrite. Layers probably formed in a stagnant bottom layer of the lujavrite magma chamber. Each layer started as a liquid layer which exchanged components with the underlying crystallization front. On cooling, it crystallized primocrysts and exchanged components with the overlying magma which became a new, complementary liquid layer and, during further cooling and burial within the sequence of layers, it underwent largely closed-system interstitial crystallization. Exhaustion of Cl and a sharp decrease in a_NaCl relative to a_H2O terminated the crystallization of a sodalite-rich dark layer and initiated abundant crystallization of nepheline in the overlying liquid layer (urtitic layer). The layered sequence represents a local K₂O-, Cl-rich but Na₂O-, H₂O-poor facies of arfvedsonite lujavrite and may have formed by exchanging components with sodalite-bearing rafts from the roof zone.  相似文献   

Textural and chemical evolution of a fractionated granitic system: the Podlesí stock, Czech Republic     

Karel Breiter  Axel Müller  Jaromír Leichmann  Ananda Gaba&#x;ov 《Lithos》2005,80(1-4):323-345

The Podlesí granite stock (Czech Republic) is a fractionated, peraluminous, F-, Li- and P-rich, and Sn, W, Nb, Ta-bearing rare-metal granite system. Its magmatic evolution involved processes typical of intrusions related to porphyry type deposits (explosive breccia, comb layers), rare-metal granites (stockscheider), and rare metal pegmatites (extreme F–P–Li enrichment, Nb–Ta–Sn minerals, layering). Geological, textural and mineralogical data suggest that the Podlesí granites evolved from fractionated granitic melt progressively enriched in H₂O, F, P, Li, etc. Quartz, K-feldspar, Fe–Li mica and topaz bear evidence of multistage crystallization that alternated with episodes of resorption. Changes in chemical composition between individual crystal zones and/or populations provide evidence of chemical evolution of the melt. Variations in rock textures mirror changes in the pressure and temperature conditions of crystallization. Equilibrium crystallization was interrupted several times by opening of the system and the consequent adiabatic decrease of pressure and temperature resulted in episodes of nonequilibrium crystallization. The Podlesí granites demonstrate that adiabatic fluctuation of pressure (“swinging eutectic”) and boundary-layer crystallization of undercooled melt can explain magmatic layering and unidirectional solidification textures (USTs) in highly fractionated granites.  相似文献   

基于地壳分层的震后变形分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李志才  许才军  赵少荣  温扬茂 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2006,31(3):203-208

基于球体粘弹性地球模型，研究走滑断层、逆断层、张裂断层。顾及不同地壳分层结构的震后变形影响，定量分析了实际地壳分层模型与模拟均匀模型之间的地表变形差异。计算结果显示，地壳结构的不同对震后地表变形的差异影响很大，超过现有高精度测量技术的精度。  相似文献   

On the conditions of sheet injections and eruptions in stratovolcanoes     

Agust Gudmundsson  Sonja L. Brenner 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2005,67(8):768-782

Nearly all eruptions in stratovolcanoes (composite volcanoes, central volcanoes) are supplied with magma through fractures. Consequently, a primary physical condition for an eruption to occur in a stratovolcano is that a magma-driven fracture is able to propagate to the surface. Magma-filled fractures, frozen or fluid, are referred to as sheet intrusions. More specifically, they are named dykes when subvertical, and inclined (or cone) sheets when inclined. Field observations indicate that most sheet intrusions do not reach the surface to feed eruptions but rather become arrested at various crustal depths. For this reason periods of volcanic unrest with sheet injections are much more common than volcanic eruptions. Whether a sheet intrusion becomes arrested or, alternatively, propagates to the surface depends primarily on the stress field in the stratovolcano. A stratovolcano normally consists of layers of contrasting mechanical properties, such as soft (low Youngs modulus) pyroclastic units and stiff (high Youngs modulus) lava flows. We present numerical models indicating that volcanoes composed of such layers commonly develop stress fields encouraging sheet and dyke arrest. The models indicate that a necessary condition for a sheet intrusion to reach the surface and feed a volcanic eruption is that the stress field along the sheet pathway becomes homogenised. We propose that much of the activity in a stratovolcano during a volcanic cycle encourages stress-field homogenisation. Field studies show that the sheet intrusions in individual stratovolcanoes have various dips: some are vertical dykes, others inclined sheets, and still others horizontal sills. Analytical models indicate that the dip of a sheet reaching the surface can have great effects on the magma transport during an eruption. This effect is normally greater for a flat volcano such as a collapse caldera than for a stratovolcano that forms a topographic high. We conclude that the shallower the dip of a sheet intrusion, the less will be its volumetric magma transport to the surface of a stratovolcano.Editorial responsibility: D Dingwell  相似文献   

Effects of rigidity layering, gravity and stress relaxation on 3-D subsurface fault displacement fields   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

X. Q. Ma  N. J. Kusznir 《Geophysical Journal International》1994,118(1):201-220

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