Organic biomarkers in the twilight zone—Time series and settling velocity sediment traps during MedFlux     

Stuart G. Wakeham  Cindy Lee  Michael L. Peterson  Zhanfei Liu  Jennifer Szlosek  Isabel F. Putnam  Jianhong Xue   《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2009,56(18):1437-1453

The transfer of material through the twilight zone of the ocean is controlled by sinking particles that contain organic matter (OM) and mineral ballast. During the MedFlux field program in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea in 2003, sinking particulate matter was collected in time series (TS) and settling velocity (SV) traps and analyzed for amino acids, lipids, and pigments (along with ballast minerals) [Lee, C., Armstrong, R.A., Wakeham, S.G., Peterson, M.L., Miquel, J.C., Cochran, J.K., Fowler, S.W., Hirschberg, D., Beck, A. Xue, J., 2009b. Particulate matter fluxes in time series and settling velocity sediment traps in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Deep-Sea Research II, this volume [doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.003]]. The goal was to identify how organic chemical compositions of sinking particles varied as a function of their in-situ settling velocity. The TS record was used to define the biogeochemical character and temporal pattern in flux during the period of SV trap deployment. Temporal variations in organic and mineral compositions are consistent with particle biogeochemistry being driven by the seasonal succession of phytoplankton. Spring diatom bloom conditions led to a high flux of rapidly sinking aggregates and zooplankton fecal matter; summer oligotrophy followed and was characterized by a higher proportion of slowly sinking phytoplankton cells. Bacterial degradation is particularly important during the low-flux summer period. Settling velocity traps show that a large proportion of particulate organic matter sinks at 200–500 m d⁻¹. Organic compositions of this fast-sinking material mirrors that of fecal pellets and aggregated material that sinks as the spring bloom terminates. More-slowly sinking OM bears a stronger signature of bacterial degradation than do the faster-sinking particles. The observation that compositions of SV-sorted fractions are different implies that the particle field is compositionally heterogeneous over a range of settling velocities. Thus physical and biological exchange between fast-sinking and slow-sinking particles as they pass down the water column must be incomplete.  相似文献   

东营凹陷岩性油藏成藏期次与成藏过程   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

祝厚勤  庞雄奇  姜振学  张如才  张俊 《地质科技情报》2007,26(1):65-70

东营凹陷岩性油藏分布规律复杂,成藏时期存在差异,从而影响了对岩性油藏形成和分布规律的深入认识.综合运用东营凹陷的构造演化史及岩性圈闭形成史、烃源岩主要生排烃史和流体包裹体均一温度等资料,对东营凹陷岩性油藏的成藏期次、成藏过程、成藏阶段和不同期次岩性油藏的平面分布规律进行了系统研究.研究结果表明:东营凹陷岩性油藏的成藏期次主要有两期,即古近纪东营组沉积末期和新近纪馆陶组-明化镇组沉积时期,且以馆陶组-明化镇组沉积时期为主要成藏期;不同成藏期次的岩性油藏具有一定的分布规律:第一期分布于生油洼陷,为岩性油藏,其包裹体均一温度分布较宽,油气充注持续时间长,具有两期充注的特点;第二期分布于断裂带和斜坡带,为构造-岩性油藏和岩性油藏,其包裹体均一温度分布较窄,油气成藏时间较晚,主要为馆陶组-明化镇组沉积时期充注;东营凹陷岩性油藏的形成具有明显的阶段性,可以划分为成藏准备、成藏和保存3个阶段.  相似文献   

川东石炭系地层—构造复合圈闭控制因素及有利区研究     

康保平  张箭  张志勇  彭光明  廖开贵 《海洋地质译丛》2008,(2):40-45

根据川东石炭系实钻资料,结合前人资料对石炭系地层—构造复合圈闭进行了分类和总结;在此基础上,对川东石炭系地层—构造复合圈闭的控制因素进行了研究。研究表明沉积相是地层—构造复合圈闭的次要控制因素,而古岩溶、古构造是其主要控制因素;在此过程中,根据黄龙纽残余厚度分布状况提供的岩溶剥蚀强度信息、经压实恢复上覆梁山组碳质泥岩等厚度图反映的黄龙组顶面侵蚀地形变化印模及由岩溶相组合特征所显示的古水文条件,恢复了川东地区黄龙组古岩溶地貌。在分析古岩溶地貌单元古水文状况、溶蚀方式和强度、古构造及古岩溶厚度的基础上,对川东内古岩溶进行了区块划分。最后综合了各种资料,对川东石炭系地层—构造复合圈闭有利区带进行了预测。  相似文献   

岩性结构与地面沉降关系研究——以苏锡常地区为例     

武健强  张于 《城市地质》2006,1(2)

地面沉降是一种区域性的缓变型地质灾害,不同地区地面沉降具有相似性又有独特性。本文结合苏锡常地区的实际地质条件．把第四纪地层按不同的沉积类型划分出三类地层结构区,提出用地面沉降响应系数这一指标来评价地面沉降与地下水关系,探讨了不同岩性结构区地面沉降在时间上和在垂向地层空间上的基本规律。  相似文献   

牛庄洼陷"岩性油气藏"油气成因     

李素梅  邱桂强  姜振学  高永进 《地球科学》2007,32(2):213-218

为了解析东营凹陷岩性油气藏的成因与成藏机理,采用地球化学途径对岩性油气藏最为发育的牛庄洼陷的原油、不同层位烃源岩进行了详细的烃类化学成分分析与精细油源对比研究.牛庄洼陷以沙三中为主的岩性(含透镜体)及其相关油气藏原油普遍具有低Pr/Ph值(<1)、相对较高的甾烷、伽玛蜡烷丰度等沙四上亚段烃源岩的特征,与沙三中烃源岩(Pr/Ph>1)无相关性,与沙三下亚段烃源岩(Pr/Ph>1、伽玛蜡烷含量低)也有明显的非相似性.沙三中亚段的岩性及其相关油气藏油气并非以沙三中为主力烃源岩,而是表现出沙三下特别是沙四上亚段烃源岩的某些特性,暗示以往所确认的透镜体等岩性油气藏极为发育的牛庄洼陷油气成因复杂,油气成藏模式很难用传统的“自生自储”来描述.沙三中岩性油气藏中混合了相隔数百米的沙四段成因油气指示隐蔽油气运移通道的存在.  相似文献   

岩性反演技术在煤田三维地震勘探中的应用     

臧立勇  张爱印 《中国煤田地质》2007,19(4):68-69,73

以开滦集团范各庄矿某采区岩性勘探为例,介绍利用地震反演技术解决煤层顶底板岩性问题。该项技术是以测井资料作为约束条件,对地震资料进行反演,推算出波阻抗资料,进而计算煤层厚度,并对顶底板岩性作出推断。通过对部分资料验证,采用岩性反演技术解释的该采区5煤、7煤、9煤、12煤的深度、厚度及其顶底板岩性,与实际情况基本相符。  相似文献   

以标准层为基础的井控外推构造作图方法探讨——以塔河西南部志留～泥盆系为例     

张小兵  张哨楠  赵锡奎  周文  何建军 《物探化探计算技术》2007,29(2):115-119

经历多期构造运动后叠合形成的塔河西南部,用常规速度分析及成图方法都无法制作高精度的构造图,不能满足生产的需要。这里利用塔河西南部钻遇S-D的50口钻、测井资料和3D地震资料,提出了以标准层为基础的井控外推法来拟合速度并最终作构造图的方法。该方法简单实用、成本低,与实际钻探圈闭相对误差小于1.5%,能满足成图精度要求。同时,在研究过程中还发现了多个圈闭,这必将对该区油气资源的重新评价及进一步勘探有重要意义。  相似文献   

Export fluxes of biogenic matter in the presence and absence of seasonal sea ice cover in the Chukchi Sea     

Catherine Lalande  Jacqueline M. Grebmeier  Paul Wassmann  Lee W. Cooper  Mikhail V. Flint  Valentina M. Sergeeva 《Continental Shelf Research》2007

Drifting sediment traps were deployed at 9 stations in May-June (ice-covered conditions) and July-August (ice-free conditions) 2004 in the Chukchi Sea to investigate the variability in export fluxes of biogenic matter in the presence and absence of sea ice cover. Measurements of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), particulate organic carbon (POC), particulate nitrogen (PN), phytoplankton, zooplankton fecal pellets, and the stable carbon isotope composition (δ¹³C) of the sinking material were performed along Barrow Canyon (BC) and a parallel shelf-to-basin transect from East Hanna Shoal (EHS) to the Canada Basin. POC export fluxes were similarly high in the presence (378±106 mg C m⁻² d⁻¹) and in the absence of ice cover (442±203 mg C m⁻² d⁻¹) at the BC stations, while fluxes were significantly higher in the absence (129±98 mg C m⁻² d⁻¹) than in the presence of ice cover (44±29 mg C m⁻² d⁻¹) at the EHS stations. The C/N ratios and δ¹³C values of sinking organic particles indicated that POC export fluxes on the Chukchi continental shelf were mostly composed of freshly produced labile material, except at the EHS stations under ice cover where the exported matter was mostly composed of refractory material probably advected into the EHS region. Chl-a fluxes were higher under ice cover than in ice-free water, however, relatively low daily loss rates of Chl-a and similar phytoplankton carbon fluxes in ice-covered and ice-free water suggest the retention of phytoplankton in the upper water column. An increase in fecal pellet carbon fluxes in ice-free water reflected higher grazing pressure in the absence of ice cover. Elevated daily loss rates of POC at the BC stations confirmed other indications that Barrow Canyon is an important area of carbon export to the basin and/or benthos. These results support the conclusion that there are large spatial and temporal variations in export fluxes of biogenic matter on the Chukchi continental shelf, although export fluxes may be similar in the presence and in the absence of ice cover in highly productive regions.  相似文献   

胜利油田东营凹陷中央隆起带断层封闭模式研究   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

徐守余  李学艳 《地质力学学报》2005,11(1):19-24,59

东营凹陷中央隆起带断裂系统复杂,断层封闭性直接控制油气藏形盛分布及油气藏规模,封闭性强的断层附近可形成大规模油气藏,封闭性差的断层附近油气藏规模小,甚至无油气藏形成.以岩性配置封闭模式、主应力封闭模式和泥岩沾污带封闭模式3种最主要的封闭模式为例建立了东营凹陷中央隆起带断层封闭模式.定量分析评价了东营凹陷中央隆起带断层封闭性,认为东营凹陷中央隆起带封闭性断层的最佳断面正应力为40~50 MPa,封闭性断层的泥岩沾污因子常小于2.6.针对某一具体断层判断其是否具有封闭性需多方面综合分析,不可简单地进行单因素分析.   相似文献   

Settling fluxes of diatoms to the interior of the Antarctic circumpolar current along 170 °W     

《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2014

An array of four sediment trap moorings recorded the particulate flux across the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) at 170 °W, between November 1996 and January 1998, as part of the US JGOFS-Antarctic Environment and Southern Ocean Process Study (AESOPS) program. The trap locations represent sampling within the Polar Frontal Zone, the Antarctic Polar Front, the Antarctic Zone and the Southern Antarctic Zone. Here we report observations from 1000 m below the sea-surface compared to seafloor and surface water distributions. Sub-sample splits from each trap were obtained and total diatom flux and species composition were determined. The diatom fluxes were quantified using both a dilution and a ‘spike’ method to allow for the rapid repeatability of measurements. Diatom flux was found to be highly seasonal across the ACC particularly at higher latitudes. Marine snow aggregates of intact diatom cells and chains were the major components of the biogenic flux. Siliceous particle size was noted to decrease with increasing latitude, which could be aligned with a shift of the diatom assemblage to small-size species/sea-ice affiliated species. A ‘double-structured’ diatom flux was recorded at the location of the Antarctic Polar Front trap, with a shift in the diatom assemblage from larger to smaller diatoms in the second flux episode. The sediment trap assemblage shows deviations from the surface water assemblage, while surface sediment samples indicate that significant dissolution occurs after 1000 m and at the sediment–water interface. Estimation of diatom biovolumes across the ACC shows that large diatoms have the potential to greatly impact biogenic fluxes to the ocean interior despite their low fluxes. Small species of the genus Fragilariopsis could potentially export as much C_org as Fragilariopsis kerguelensis near the retreating ice edge. However, their low abundance in the surface sediments also suggests that these diatoms are a shallow export species.  相似文献