Carbon Isotope Geochemistry of the Orinoco Basin     

F. C. Tan  J. M. Edmond 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1993,36(6)

Stable carbon isotope ratios have been used to study the sources of particulate organic carbon (POC) and total dissolved inorganic carbon in the Orinoco Basin. The isotopic composition of total dissolved inorganic carbon shows a range of from -8·1 to -23·0 ppt, an indication of dominance of biological processes. The isotopic composition of POC exhibits a range of from -24·1 to -34·6 ppt with little seasonal variation. The isotopic evidence indicates that the POC is predominantly of terrestrial origin rather than a result of in situ planktonic production. The similarity of isotopic composition of POC and coastal sediments suggests that riverine organic detritus has been transported 30-50 km offshore in a direction parallel to the Orinoco river channel.  相似文献   

广州在沿海开放城市的旅游形象定位研究     

徐君亮 《海岸工程》1999,18(2):18-22

根据国际形象设计发展趋势,提出城市旅游形象设计应有３个层次：一是城市旅游整体形象;二是城市旅游吸引物的特色形象;三是旅游企业形象。根据Ｊｅｎｓｅｎ－Ｖｅｒｂｅｋｅ都市旅游产品界定模式,结合广州实际,分析了广州的旅游吸引物,将广州旅游形象定位为（１）商都旅游,包括购物,美食、商务旅游和现代化城市景观的游览;（２）近现代史迹旅游,包括古代史迹和建筑艺术的观赏,其形象口号为“两个中心”,即商贸中心和近现  相似文献   

A Preliminary Study of Oceanic Bomb Radiocarbon Inventory in the North Pacific during the Last Two Decades     

Yutaka W. Watanabe  Tsuneo Ono  Koh Harada  Masao Fukasawa 《Journal of Oceanography》1999,55(6):705-716

Radiocarbon and total carbonate data were obtained near the 1973 GEOSECS stations in the North Pacific along 30°N and along 175°E between 1993 and 1994. In these stations, we estimated radiocarbon originating from atomic bomb tests using tritium, trichlorofluoromethane and silicate contents. The average penetration depth of bomb radiocarbon during the two decades has deepened from 900 m to 1300 m. Bomb radiocarbon inventories above the average value for the whole North Pacific were found widely in the western subtropical region around 30°N both in the 1970s and 1990s, and its area in the 1990s was broader than that in the 1970s. In most of the North Pacific, while the bomb radiocarbon has decreased above 25.4, the bomb radiocarbon flux below 25.4 was over 1 × 10¹² atom m^-2yr^-1 in the subtropical region around 30°N. In the tropical area south of 20°N, the bomb radiocarbon inventory below 25.4 increased from zero to over 10 × 10¹² atom m^-2 during the last three decades. These distributions suggest that the bomb radiocarbon removed from the surface is currently accumulated with bomb ¹⁴C flux of over 1 × 10¹² atom m^-2yr^-1 below 25.4 in the subtropical region, mainly by advection from the higher latitude, and that part of the accumulated bomb ¹⁴C gradually spread southward with about 30 years.  相似文献   

Nitrogen forms and decomposition of organic carbon in the southern Bohai Sea core sediments   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Song Jinming  Ma Hongbo  L&#; Xiaoxia 《海洋学报(英文版)》2002,21(1):125-133

Study on form characteristics of nitrogen in marine sediments is the primary method to research its biogeochemical cycling and nitrogen form characteristics in core sediments can reflect the process and results of early diagenesis in a certain degree. In this paper, Sequential extraction process in natural grain size was used for studying the existent forms of nitrogen in five core sediments of the southern Bohai Sea for the first time. Nitrogen was divided into two parts -transferable and fixed based on whether it could be extracted by the reagent. Distributions and early diagenesis of transferable nitrogen forms in the southern Bohai Sea were researched integratedly. Results indicate that IEF - N and OSF-N are predominant forms in transferable part in the studied core sediments. Contents of different nitrogen forms vary differently with depth, and have different diagenesis process. Decomposition constant of organic nitrogen (ON) and OC are about 15.51 × 10~(-3)a~(-1)and 4.79× 10~(-3)a~(-1) respective  相似文献   

东营城区高精度三维地震采集方法研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

胡立新  刘怀山  张进 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2004,34(6):1075-1080

根据东营城区内建筑物较多，环境干扰较大，地下构造复杂，断裂非常发育，目的层埋藏深，资料信噪比较低的特点，以地震老资料和钻井资料为基础，建立地震地质模型，利用射线追踪技术选取合适的观测系统参数。充分利用卫星数字地图，没计了灵活多变的观测系统，采用可控震源与炸药震源配合使用方法，及时对城区内地下面元的覆盖次数、方位角和炮检距的分布进行质量监控，利用现场处理系统对资料进行及时分析，提高了地震资料品质。所获得的东营城区高精度三维地震采集资料显示，其浅中层分辨率和中深层信噪比都有了明显改善，取得了良好的地质效果。  相似文献   

Sources and distribution of organic matter in a river-dominated estuary (Winyah Bay, SC, USA)   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

Miguel A. Goi  Maria J. Teixeira  David W. Perkey 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2003,57(5-6):1023-1048

The sources and distribution of organic matter (OM) in surface waters and sediments from Winyah Bay (South Carolina, USA) were investigated using a variety of analytical techniques, including elemental, stable isotope and organic biomarker analyses. Several locations along the estuary salinity gradient were sampled during four different periods of contrasting river discharge and tidal range. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations of surface waters ranged from 7 mg l⁻¹ in the lower bay stations closest to the ocean to 20 mg l⁻¹ in the river and upper bay samples. There was a general linear relationship between DOC concentrations and salinity in three of the four sampling periods. In contrast, particulate organic carbon (POC) concentrations were significantly lower (0.1–3 mg l⁻¹) and showed no relationship with salinity. The high molecular weight dissolved OM (HMW DOM) isolated from selected water samples collected along the bay displayed atomic carbon:nitrogen ratios ([C/N]a) and stable carbon isotopic compositions of organic carbon (δ¹³C_OC) that ranged from 10 to 30 and from −28 to −25‰, respectively. Combined, such compositions indicate that in most HMW DOM samples, the majority of the OM originates from terrigenous sources, with smaller contributions from riverine and estuarine phytoplankton. In contrast, the [C/N]a ratios of particulate OM (POM) samples varied significantly among the collection periods, ranging from low values of 5 to high values of >20. Overall, the trends in [C/N]a ratios indicated that algal sources of POM were most important during the early and late summer, whereas terrigenous sources dominated in the winter and early spring.In Winyah Bay bottom sediments, the concentrations of the mineral-associated OM were positively correlated with sediment surface area. The [C/N]a ratios and δ¹³C_OC compositions of the bulk sedimentary OM ranged from 5 to 45 and from −28 to −23‰, respectively. These compositions were consistent with predominant contributions of terrigenous sources and lesser (but significant) inputs of freshwater, estuarine and marine phytoplankton. The highest terrigenous contents were found in sediments from the river and upper bay sites, with smaller contributions to the lower parts of the estuary. The yields of lignin-derived CuO oxidation products from Winyah Bay sediments indicated that the terrigenous OM in these samples was composed of variable mixtures of relatively fresh vascular plant detritus and moderately altered soil OM. Based on the lignin phenol compositions, most of this material appeared to be derived from angiosperm and gymnosperm vascular plant sources similar to those found in the upland coastal forests in this region. A few samples displayed lignin compositions that suggested a more significant contribution from marsh C₃ grasses. However, there was no evidence of inputs of Spartina alterniflora (a C₄ grass) remains from the salt marshes that surround the lower sections of Winyah Bay.  相似文献   

低围压水平下砂的排水行为(英文)   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

杨少丽  Rolf Sandven  冯秀丽  林霖 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2001,31(3):441-447

采用干样沉降法制备样品 ,选用静三轴仪对松砂和密砂样在 10 k Pa至 10 0 k Pa的低围压下的排水行为进行了实验研究 ,并对实验结果作了橡皮膜校正 ,在围压为 10 k Pa的密砂实验中 ,轴向应力的校正值可达到 12 %。实验研究表明低围压下松砂的剪胀性非常明显 ,且存在剪应力极值 ;围压越低 ,松砂和密砂的剪应力极值越小 ,达到最大剪应力所对应的剪应变越小。同时还表明低围压范围内相对密度不同 ,砂的应力应变特性不同 ;此外 ,低围压下砂的内摩擦角高于高围压下的值 ,从而在工程上应重视低围压水平下砂土工程参数的合理选取  相似文献   

Deposition Rates of Terrestrial and Marine Organic Carbon in the Osaka Bay, Seto Inland Sea, Japan, Determined Using Carbon and Nitrogen Stable Isotope Ratios in the Sediment   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yasufumi Mishima  Akira Hoshika  Terumi Tanimoto 《Journal of Oceanography》1999,55(1):1-11

Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios (¹³C and ¹⁵N) of surface sediments were measured within Osaka Bay, in the Seto Inland Sea in Japan, in order to better understand the sedimentation processes operating on both terrestrial and marine organic matter in the Bay. The ¹³C and ¹⁵N of surface sediments in the estuary of the Yodo River were less than –23 and 5 respectively, but increased in the area up to about 10 km from the river mouth. At greater distances they became constant (giving ¹³C of about –20 and ¹⁵N about 6). It can be concluded that large amounts of terrestrial organic matter exist near the mouth of the Yodo River. Stable isotope ratios in the estuary of the Yodo River within 10 km of the river mouth were useful indicators allowing study of the movement of terrestrial organic matter. Deposition rates for total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) over the whole of the Bay were estimated to be 63,100 ton C/year and 7,590 ton N/year, respectively. The deposition rate of terrestrial organic carbon was estimated to be 13,200 (range 2,000–21,500) ton C/year for the whole of Osaka Bay, and terrestrial organic carbon was estimated to be about 21% (range 3–34) of the TOC deposition rate. The ratio of the deposition rate of terrestrial organic carbon to the rate inflow of riverine TOC and particulate organic carbon (POC) were estimated to be 19% (range 3–31) and 76% (range 12–100), respectively.  相似文献   

黄河利津水文站不同粒径悬浮颗粒物中有机碳含量的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘立芳  张龙军  张向上 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2006,36(Z1):126-130

估算不同粒径TSS中POC的入海日通量,对黄河利津水文站悬浮颗粒物(total suspended solid,TSS)样品,采用基于stokes原理的沉降法分为Ⅴ级,对分级后的样品测其有机碳(particulate organic carbon,POC)含量和粒度组成。在此基础上,用多元线性回归法对数据进一步处理,准确得到样品中不同粒径TSS中POC的含量。研究表明,黄河口淡水端水体TSS,<8μm的粘土和极细粉砂、8~16μm的细粉砂中,POC的含量为0.600%和0.400%左右;16~32μm的中粉砂中,POC的含量不足0.200%;而32~63μm的粗粉砂和>63μm砂中POC含量仅为0.050%和0.004%左右,80%以上的POC主要集中在<16μm的TSS中,而<32μm的TSS承载了95%以上的POC。  相似文献   

Stress Sharing Behavior and Its Mechanism during Consolidation Process in Composite Ground Improved by Sand Compaction Piles with Low Replacement Area Ratio     

S. -K. You  K. Oda  T. -H. Kim 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2006,24(4):287-304

In order to accurately design a sand compaction pile (SCP) with low replacement area ratio, it is important to understand the mechanical interaction between the sand pile and clay ground and its mechanism during consolidation process in composite ground. In this article, therefore, a series of numerical analyses on composite ground improved by SCP with low replacement area ratio were carried out. The applicability of numerical analyses, in which an elasto-viscoplastic consolidation finite element method was applied, were confirmed by comparing the results obtained from a series of laboratory model tests with the composite ground improved by SCP. Through the results of the numerical analyses, mechanical behavior of the sand pile and clay in composite ground during consolidation is elucidated, together with a stress sharing mechanism between sand pile and clay.  相似文献