通勤时间、社区活动对社区社会资本的影响：基于北京26个社区的调查研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李春江  张艳  刘志林  柴彦威 《地理科学》2021,41(9):1606-1614

城市扩张和郊区化显著增加居民的通勤时间,减少居民在社区内及周边开展的日常活动,进而可能对居民的社区社会资本产生消极影响。基于2017年北京市26个社区居民的社区融合与活动日志问卷调查数据,通过构建结构方程模型,探讨通勤时间、社区活动对社区社会资本的影响机制。结果发现,控制居民社会经济属性和社区区位后,长时间通勤会减少居民在社区及周边1 000 m范围内开展的活动,并进一步对社区社交网络结构、社会信任和共同价值等社区社会资本的不同维度产生负面影响。此外,社区活动中社交娱乐活动的中介效应显著,而个人和家庭事务活动中介效应不显著。最后,证实了促进职住平衡、减少职住分离的规划政策对于增加居民社区活动及培育社区社会资本的重要意义。  相似文献   

物质地理学的研究进展和启示：追踪物质(following the things)视角     

林煦丹  朱竑  尹铎 《地理科学进展》2021,40(7):1235-1245

伴随着“文化转向”与“再物质化”思潮的出现,物质地理学已经成为西方社会文化地理研究中新兴且活跃的研究分支之一,而追踪物质(following the things)是物质地理学中重要的方法论视角,它强调人文地理学所重视的“流动性”,通过追踪特定物质在流动过程中物质性的变化以及能动性,揭示物质流动中的社会关系与文化意义。论文通过梳理和分析西方学界中物质地理学的相关文献,阐述了近年来的研究进展,同时指出现阶段在追踪物质视角下该领域的主要议题为：物质的象征研究、物质与认同研究、生产与消费研究以及权力博弈与协商研究等内容。最后,论文归纳总结了当下物质地理学存在的研究局限与空白,展望了未来中国物质地理学研究可进一步探索的话题与方向,以期打开未来中国与西方国家物质地理学的对话窗口。  相似文献   

Microbiota and Shelf Life of Whole and Gutted Pacific Saury(Cololabis saira) During Refrigerated Storage     

CAO Rong  LIN Ruihuan  SUN Huihui  LIU Qi 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2020,19(2):473-478

Pacific saury(Cololabis saira)is usually sold as whole fish in wholesale markets,or in its gutted form which is easy for consumers to cook in retail markets.In order to assess the effect of gutting on the shelf life of Pacific saury during refrigerated storage and reveal the microbial community,fish samples grouped into(I)whole fish and(II)gutted fish were analyzed periodically for sensory,biochemical and microbiological characteristics,and high-throughput sequencing technology was used to investigate the microbiota.Results showed that the sensory score for the gutted fish became unacceptable on day 8,while the whole fish score remained acceptable for 10 days.The total volatile basic nitrogen(TVB-N)value of the gutted fish reached 30 mg N(100 g)^-1 on day 6,while that of the whole samples surpassed 30 mg N(100 g)^-1 on day 10.The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS)value of the gutted fish got close to 5.0 mg kg^-1 on day 10,while that of the whole samples surpassed 5.0 mg kg^-1 on day 14.The aerobic plate colony counts(APCs)for the gutted and whole Pacific saury reached 7.0 log10 CFUg^-1 on days 6 and 10,respectively.Organoleptic,biochemical and microbiological analyses revealed that shelf-lives should be 6–8 days for gutted fish and 10 days for whole fish.Microbiota analysis results showed that gutting partly changed the initial microbiota,but didn't alter the dominant bacteria during storage.When the fish were spoiled,high proportion of Pseudomonadaceae was detected in both groups.  相似文献   

辽宁省低碳经济发展水平评价     

张福祥  盖美  张洪锦 《地域研究与开发》2017,36(4)

构建包含经济系统、能源系统、碳排放系统、技术投入系统和环境系统5个准则层及23个指标的低碳经济发展水平评价体系,基于可变模糊识别模型,分析评价辽宁省低碳经济发展水平。结果显示:辽宁省低碳经济发展水平由2004年的2.87提升到2014年的3.01,由中碳偏高水平提升到中碳发展水平。沈阳、大连、丹东、锦州、营口和葫芦岛的低碳经济发展水平较高;鞍山、抚顺、本溪、盘锦、辽阳及铁岭的低碳经济发展水平较低。在此基础上,运用SBM模型测算辽宁省各市的碳排放效率,其结果与低碳经济发展水平评价值有较大关联。  相似文献   

Rural Social Networks along Amazonian Rivers: Seeds,Labor and Soccer among Communities on the Napo River,Peru          下载免费PDF全文

Christian Abizaid  Oliver T. Coomes  Yoshito Takasaki  J. Pablo Arroyo‐Mora 《Geographical review》2018,108(1):92-119

Research on Amazonian communities has focussed more often on rural‐urban linkages than on links among rural communities. This is unsurprising, given the low density of population, limited intercommunity commerce, and importance of direct city‐market relations. Social relations among rural communities are also important in shaping rural livelihoods and lifeways. We report on the findings of a large‐scale census of communities in the Napo River basin in northeastern Peru (n=174). Data were gathered on intervillage crop seed acquisition and cooperative labor sharing as two key inputs in agriculture, and on intervillage soccer matches, which are integral to rural social life. We analyze the socio‐spatial networks of each practice, paying attention to settlement patterns, community ethnicity, and differential access to the uplands. We find that seeds and labor flow along soccer network lines. Rural social networks appear to be structured strongly by ethnicity (homophily) and reflect important complementarities between upland and lowland communities (weak ties).  相似文献   

Combining low-carbon economic development and oil exploration in Brazil? An energy–economy assessment     

Julien Lefèvre  William Wills  Jean-Charles Hourcade 《Climate Policy》2018,18(10):1286-1295

Brazil's nationally determined contribution (NDC) pledged under the Paris Agreement has marked a new stage in its climate policy towards strengthening low-carbon economic development beyond the recent drastic cuts in emissions from deforestation. Brazil especially means to limit oil consumption driven by future economic growth and to increase energy efficiency and biofuel use in the transport sector. On the other hand, Brazil still aspires to become a major petroleum province given its huge reserves of ‘pre-salt’ oil. This article aims to clarify under what conditions low-carbon economic development and oil exploration can possibly be combined in Brazil and what would be the energy system, environmental and macroeconomic implications of enabling policies for doing so. To address these questions, an energy–economy computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of the Brazilian economy is used to simulate alternative scenarios up to 2030. The results first show that implementing the most recent energy plans, which take into account the new economic reality in Brazil, should lead to over 20% lower domestic CO₂ emissions in 2030 than the indicative NDC target, and to the export of the bulk of newfound crude oil. Second, with the same level of oil production, deeper domestic decarbonization, triggered by additional carbon pricing and sustainable efficiency measures, appears achievable with very small gross domestic product (GDP) loss and maximum oil exports, while being aligned with a 2°C emission pathway. However, (i) extra oil exports may induce net additional emissions outside Brazil and be seen as a perverse incentive and (ii) the economic growth strategy based on high oil exports may hinder the necessary diversification of the Brazilian economy.

Key policy insights

• Low-carbon development goals will strongly interact with oil policy in Brazil.

• The 2030 NDC target should be easy to achieve considering the new economic reality in Brazil.

• Deeper domestic decarbonization is achievable with very limited GDP loss and significant oil exports, while being aligned with a 2°C emission pathway.

• A broad strategic vision is needed to reconcile climate policy, energy policy and other economic development objectives.

  相似文献   

国家级自动气象站蓄电池智能控制检测系统设计     

于子敏  常奋华  杜言霞  张华琳  陈淼 《气象科技》2018,46(4):651-658

对国家级自动气象站供电系统深入研究,通过对蓄电池充放电进行细微控制,设计报警电路、寿命检测电路和远程监控上位机软件系统,实时监测蓄电池状态,对蓄电池长期处于浮充状态致使其寿命缩减的设计缺陷进行改进。该系统采用Freescale高性能处理器和以AD8210为核心的高边电流检测电路,实时对分流电阻的微电流进行检测,及时阻止危害蓄电池使用寿命的过充和过放,通过声光报警电路和数据通信电路将交流电断电报警、蓄电池电压、使用寿命和充电间隔等信息传送到Labview编写的上位机软件,提醒观测员及时处理,同时配合RTC时钟模块,每3个月自动对蓄电池进行充放电维护,不仅有效延长了蓄电池的使用寿命,还解决了蓄电池充放电维护问题,减少了国家站备份蓄电池每两年更换造成的资源浪费。  相似文献   

面向土地全生命周期的地籍时空管理系统设计与探讨     

孟令颂  陈鹏  童小华  金雁敏 《地理信息世界》2016,(4):76-80

从地籍动态管理的角度,提出了土地与宗地全生命周期的概念。基于此,设计了地籍时空数据结构,探讨了面向全生命周期的地籍时空管理系统的结构和功能,并将研发的系统运用在实际业务中,以贯穿于其全生命周期管理。  相似文献   

黄河流域人口预期寿命的时空演化及影响因素分析     

张永凯  杨春月  张晚军  毕潇梅 《地球信息科学学报》2022,24(5):902-913

健康人力资本对社会经济发展有重要的促进作用。以黄河流域71个地级行政单元为研究对象,利用变异系数、泰尔指数、空间自相关模型等方法,研究该流域人口预期寿命的时空演化特征,并根据地理探测器分析其影响因素。结果表明： ① 2000—2019年,黄河流域人口预期寿命均值由69.99岁提升至76.96岁,整体呈上升趋势,但长期低于我国人口预期寿命均值;② 人口预期寿命区域差异整体呈先增后降趋势,且地带间差异不断收敛,地带内差异与流域总体变化基本一致;③ 人口预期寿命存在明显空间集聚,但其空间自相关性不断减弱,且空间变化较大。具体而言,黄南藏族自治州、海南藏族自治州、甘南藏族自治州等藏区形成稳定性冷点区,山东省形成规模的稳定性热点区;④ 医疗卫生资源和自然条件对上游地区人口预期寿命影响最为显著;经济发展水平和环境污染对下游地区人口预期寿命解释力最强;教育水平是影响黄河流域各个地区人口预期寿命的重要因子。不同因子交互作用的解释力均高于单因子解释力,黄河流域人口预期寿命的空间差异是多因子共同作用的结果。  相似文献   

Ecological and Life History Characteristics of Botryllus schlosseri Tunicata Populations Inhabiting Undersurface Shallow-Water Stones     

B. Rinkevich  R. Porat  M. Goren 《Marine Ecology》1998,19(2):129-145

Abstract. Populations of Botryllus schlosseri PALLAS 1772. a cosmopolitan colonial ascidian. were examined on the undersurface of stones for the first time in three adjoining localities along the Israeli Mediterranean coast. A two-year study of 1589 stones which were inhabited by 1345 colonies, revealed that colony coverage was < 1.5 % of the total available substrate area; values were highest in spring, lowest in winter. The two years differed significantly in the number of colonies · m ², and these numbers were correlated with mean seawater temperatures. Most of the stones contained 1–5 Botryllus colonies year-round; no significant correlation was found between number and stone size. The brown morph was dominant 80 % at all three localities. The distribution of other colour morphs differed between localities. Reproductive colonies were either hermaphroditic or contained male gonads only. Peak reproduction was in the spring, but did not correlate with seawater temperatures. While colony size ranged between I and 1I55zooids, sexually mature colonies consisted of 171–273 zooids on the average, compared with 37–90 zooids for sterile colonies. The three populations differed significantly in several ecological and life history characteristics. This further confirmed past studies indicating that Botryllus populations are characteristically divided into local subpopulations exhibiting microgeographic differences in life history patterns. The results are compared with the accumulated data on other world-wide Botryllus populations residing in other habitats.  相似文献