基于GIS的起伏地形下天文辐射分布式模型——以贵州高原为例     

袁淑杰  谷小平  缪启龙  邱新法 《山地学报》2007,25(5):577-583

天文辐射是辐射计算、太阳能资源评估及其他相关研究领域重要的起始参量,由于坡度、坡向和地形之间相互遮蔽等局地地形因子的影响,使实际起伏地形下获得的天文辐射与水平面上获得的天文辐射有一定差异。确定实际起伏地形下天文辐射是比较困难的。应用数字高程模型(DEM)数据和地理信息系统(G IS),建立起伏地形下天文辐射分布式计算模型,计算了起伏地形下贵州高原100 m×100 m分辨率天文辐射精细空间分布,分析了局地地形因子对起伏地形下天文辐射的影响。结果表明:(1)贵州高原起伏地形下天文辐射的空间分布具有明显的地域分布特征。(2)贵州高原起伏地形下天文辐射年总量平均为481.7~13 041.8 M J/m2,1月、7月天文辐射分别为0.0~1 244.7 M J/m2、0.0~1 264.8 M J/m2。(3)局地地形因子对起伏地形下天文辐射空间分布的影响随季节和纬度变化,虽然坡度、坡向和地形遮蔽对天文辐射的影响,在太阳高度角较低的1月比太阳高度角较高的7月相对较大,但因为7月水平面获得的天文辐射的强度相对较大,7月局地地形对天文辐射的影响依然显著。因此,贵州高原起伏地形对天文辐射的影响是不容忽视的。  相似文献   

起伏地形下我国太阳直接辐射的分布式模拟   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

王潇宇  邱新法  曾燕 《南京气象学院学报》2005,28(3):i002-i005

运用数据集群技术,建立了我国不同时空尺度直接透射率的估算模式,对比分析了不同模式的拟合精度。基于1km×1km分辨率的数字高程模型(DEM)数据,全面考虑了地形因子对太阳直接辐射的影响,实现了实际起伏地形下我国太阳直接辐射的分布式模拟,计算了我国范围内1km×1km分辨率1—12月气候平均太阳直接辐射的空间分布。结果表明:局地地形对太阳直接辐射空间分布的影响非常强烈,尤其是在太阳高度角较低的冬季和秋季;模拟结果可靠,可进行大数据量处理,适用于遥感图像处理、地理信息系统等数据处理平台。  相似文献   

中国南北过渡带土壤碳氮空间特征及暖温带与亚热带界限     

张俊华  朱连奇  李国栋  赵芳  秦静婷 《地理学报》2021,76(9):2269-2282

秦巴山区是中国南北过渡带的主体,过渡带分界划分在学界一直存在争议,确定和改进划分指标对构建中国生态地理格局有重要作用。土壤作为过渡带的核心部分,其关键指标的空间分布及变异机制对识别过渡效应和区域特征有指示作用。本文基于土壤二普资料,采用空间模拟和地统计方法分析土壤有机碳/全氮空间特征及与主要自然地理要素的关系。结果显示,秦巴山区有机碳/全氮含量空间分布趋势一致,存在3个高值区、1个次高值区和1个低值区。高值区分布在秦岭、大巴山高海拔区域和嘉陵江以西山地,含量分别为15.03~71.04 g/kg、1782.61~7710.00 mg/kg;低值区沿秦岭北坡的渭河谷地、南五台山和伏牛山分布,含量分别为0.64~6.50 g/kg、110.00~885.96 mg/kg;次高值区主要在汉江两侧、秦巴山地之间海拔< 1000 m及嘉陵江两侧略高于1000 m的山体,含量介于以上二者之间,自西向东呈南北向宽幅逐渐增大的“喇叭状”趋势。综合考虑地形—植被—气候作用,发现秦岭南坡—大巴山北坡有机碳/全氮次高值区分布范围与1000 m等高线、暖温带落叶阔叶林带（含常绿成分）和亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交林带上限、1月0 ℃等温线、7月24 ℃等温线较一致,区内1月、7月、季节和全年气温变化较小,各季降雨变幅大,该区是亚热带向暖温带过渡的主体,北界大致沿都江堰—茂县—平武—文县和秦岭南坡1000 m等高线分布,南以都江堰—北川—青川和大巴山北坡1000 m等高线为界。有机碳/全氮空间变化为亚热带—暖温带的划界提供一定依据,进一步识别典型区土壤过程及生态效应,将全面揭示土壤多维过渡特征及其变异机理。  相似文献   

复杂地形云阴影识别     

李彬  辛晓洲  张海龙  胡继超 《遥感学报》2017,21(2):263-272

云阴影检测在遥感科学领域是一个重要研究方向,在许多方面有重要应用。单纯采用光谱阈值法识别云阴影会面临较多困难,难以准确识别,而采用时间序列法,则需耗费较多机时,过程较为繁复。在准确识别云像元的基础上,应用几何学方法识别云阴影是较为准确、实用的方法。目前,应用几何学方法计算起伏地形条件下的云阴影分布和变化特征的研究较少,本文提出了一种基于几何学方法的复杂地形条件下的云阴影识别方法,可以计算云像元对应阴影在复杂地形上的位置。模拟和实验表明,所提出的算法在识别复杂地形条件的云阴影方面具有较好效果,克服了几何法识别云阴影模型的原有缺陷。  相似文献   

An investigation of the geometric controls on the morphological evolution of small-scale salt terrains,Cardona, Spain     

D. N. Mottershead  W. J. Duane  R. J. Inkpen  J. S. Wright 《Environmental Geology》2008,53(5):1091-1098

Small-scale terrains on salt materials were surveyed with a Total Station and a series of digital elevation models (DEMs) constructed. Two sets of observations were made, eight months apart, during which the terrains underwent significant erosion. The difference in elevation shown by the DEMs, calculated by subtraction, is a measure of surface erosion of the salt terrains. The erosion rate was analysed with respect to four terrain parameters calculated in the software. High erosion rates, and their strong control by terrain slope, are demonstrated, supporting an earlier study using erosion pins. Slope profile curvature is also indicated as having some influence. The combination of scanning Total Station and DEM software is shown to be an effective tool for investigating rapid geomorphic change at this scale of study.  相似文献   

相山铀矿田地球物理场特征浅析及其找矿意义     

冯必达 《铀矿地质》1991,7(1):41-48

  相似文献   

晚期折返过程含石墨流体包裹体及其意义：以印度两个不同地体为例     

M.K.Panigrahi S.Gupta 《岩石学报》2007,23(1):53-64

Archean greenstone belts and Proterozoic granulite mobile belts are products of fundamentally different tectonic processes that culminated in different levels of crustal incision.The present study focuses on graphite-bearing fluid inclusions from two such terrains in India,the Angul domain of Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt and Hutti-Maski schist belt of the eastern Dharwar greenstone-granite belt.In beth cases,a high population of such inclusions within the fluid inclusion assemblage rules out the possibility of graphite being a captive phase,and instead confirms that it was deposited by the fluid within the inclusion cavity.Graphite is usually observed to be occurring with either pure water or a pure carbonic( CO_2 only)liquid,or with a CH_4 dominated carbonic liquid without vapor at room temperature.Graphite precipitation in inclusions is brought about by reaction of the CO2 and CH4 trapped as a homogeneous fluid to give rise to H_2O and C(graphite).Molar volume calculations for the CO_2-CH_4 mixture assuming an appropriate PVTX relationship indicates that there is a substantial increase in volume with decreasing pressure at a given temperature.The reaction producing graphite and H_2O from CH_4 and CO_2 involves substantial volume reduction,and hence would be favored when the rock undergoes rapid exhumation.Graphite-beating inclusions in quartz in a late-stage leucosome from migmatites in the Angul domain of the EGMB are accompanied by other fluid inclusion evidence for isothermal decompression.In the Hutti-Maski schist belt of the eastern Dharwar Craton,graphite-bearing inclusions occur in structurally controlled quartz veins(often auriferous)within metamorphosed mafic volcanics(schists and amphibolites).The Raman spectra indicate that graphites in fluid inclusions from the Hutti-Maski schist belt have both ordered(O)and the disordered(D)peaks,whereas those from the Angul area of EGMB lack the disordered(D)peaks, with both having perfectly symmetrical‘S’peak.This implies that in both belts,exhumation from the burial depth maxima was a rapid process.However,the Hutti-Maski schist belt experienced a lower amount of uplift than the Angul domain,where the driving mechanism led to a deeper level of incision.This difference in the extent and rate of exhumation is speculated to be related to a fundamental difference in the nature of tectonism.A more detailed comparative study of the fluid inclusion characteristics would possibly throw more light on the changing tectonic style from the Archean to the Proterozoic,a topic that is extensively debated.  相似文献   

前陆盆地斜坡带低幅度构造地球物理识别技术   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

田新琦  魏春光  何雨丹  陈霞 《地球物理学进展》2009,24(5):1794-1800

为了有效识别前陆盆地斜坡带低幅度含油气构造,深入剖析了低幅度构造圈闭及油藏特征,围绕储层地震预测开展了针对性的地球物理识别技术研究.在南美西北部奥连特-马拉农盆地多个区块进行了储层的岩性、形态、物性及含油气性等方面的预测,形成了一整套基于高精度地球物理资料的低幅度构造和岩性圈闭识别和描述的精细地震解释技术.  相似文献   

贵州高原复杂地形下太阳总辐射精细空间分布   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

谷晓平  袁淑杰  史岚  缪启龙  康为民  邱新法  王福增 《山地学报》2010,28(1)

海拔、坡度、坡向以及周围地形遮蔽作用,造成山区各部位接受到的太阳辐射能有很大差异. 在前人研究的基础上,对以前的模型进行了一些改进,考虑了坡度、坡向和地形相互遮蔽作用对复杂地形下天文辐射的影响,基于数字高程模型(DEM)数据,研制了以复杂地形下天文辐射为起始数据的复杂地形下太阳总辐射的分布式模型,在模型中还考虑了散射辐射的各向异性及坡地反射辐射对复杂地形下太阳总辐射的影响.应用100 m×100 m分辨率的DEM数据及气象站常规观测气象资料,计算了贵州高原复杂地形下100 m×100 m分辨率的复杂地形下太阳总辐射.结果表明:(1) 局地地形因子如坡度、坡向、地形遮蔽等对太阳总辐射影响显著,地形对复杂地形下太阳总辐射的影响是不容忽视的.(2)在缺乏复杂地形下坡面考察资料的情况下,建立以常规气象站观测资料为主的物理经验统计模型是实现细网格辐射资源计算的可行途径.  相似文献   

A cellular automata model for simulating the evolution of positive–negative terrains in a small loess watershed     

Min Cao  Fang Zhang  Jianyi Yang 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(7):1349-1363

Cellular automata (CA) have been used increasingly to simulate complex geographical phenomena. This paper proposes a CA model for simulating the evolution of dynamic positive and negative (P–N) terrains in a small loess watershed. The CA model involves a large number of attributes, including the state of P–N terrains, distance to the shoulder-line, neighbourhood condition and topographic factors. Topographic factors include the slope gradient, aspect, slope length, slope variation, aspect variation, plan curvature, profile curvature, relief amplitude and flow accumulation. The CA model was applied to simulate the evolution of P–N terrains in an indoor, small loess watershed under artificial rainfall. The transition rules for CA were constructed automatically using a decision-tree algorithm. The derived transition rules are explicit for decision-makers and helpful for generating more reliable terrains. The simulation produces encouraging results in terms of numeric accuracy and spatial distribution, in agreement with natural P–N terrains. The iterative processes show that loess negative terrains continuously erode positive terrains. The development of a loess sinkhole near the centre gully head was reproduced as well, which shows the function of loess sinkholes in the formation of loess channel systems.  相似文献