Swimming upstream: addressing fossil fuel supply under the UNFCCC     

Georgia Piggot  Peter Erickson  Harro van Asselt  Michael Lazarus 《Climate Policy》2018,18(9):1189-1202

Reducing fossil fuel supply is necessary to meet the Paris Agreement goal to keep warming ‘well below 2°C’, yet the Agreement is silent on the topic of fossil fuels. This article outlines reasons why it is important that Parties to the Agreement find ways to more explicitly address the phasing out of fossil fuel production under the UNFCCC. It describes how countries aiming to keep fossil fuel supply in line with Paris goals could articulate and report their actions within the current architecture of the Agreement. It also outlines specific mechanisms of the Paris Agreement through which issues related to the curtailment of fossil fuel supply can be addressed. Mapping out a transition away from fossil fuels – and facilitating this transition under the auspices of the UNFCCC process – can enhance the ambition and effectiveness of national and international climate mitigation efforts.

Key policy insights

• The international commitment to limit global average temperature increases to ‘well below 2°C’ provides a strong rationale for Parties to the Paris Agreement and the UNFCCC to pursue a phase-down in fossil fuel production, not just consumption.

• Several countries have already made commitments to address fossil fuel supply, by agreeing to phase down coal or oil exploration and production.

• Integrating these commitments into the UNFCCC process would link them to global climate goals, and ensure they form part of a broader global effort to transition away from fossil fuels.

• The Paris Agreement provides a number of new opportunities for Parties to address fossil fuel production.

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若尔盖高原全新世气候序列的类脂分子化石记录^*   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

郑艳红  周卫健  谢树成 《第四纪研究》2007,27(1):108-113

基于可靠的年代标尺,结合青藏高原泥炭沉积剖面的有机碳、孢粉等相关资料,首次在该区利用类脂分子化石指标建立了全新世以来的气候与环境演化序列。结果表明,正构烷烃、脂肪酸和脂肪醇等类脂分子化石指标存有意义的规律性变化。其中,反映低等菌藻生物和高等植物相对变化的轻组分与重组分之比L/H以及平均碳链长度ACL具有很好的古气候意义,即L/H高,ACL低,指示气候偏暖湿;L/H低,ACL高,指示气候偏干冷。各个类脂分子化石指标记录的气候信息在细节上具有一定的差异,可能是不同类脂物分子的地球化学行为和生物组成结构的不同以及对气候因素温湿组合变化响应各异的体现。同时,也较好地揭示了类脂分子化石具有自己的敏感性,在细节上较传统的有机碳指标在记录气候信息上更为敏感。该研究进一步突出了这些泥炭类脂分子化石在第四纪研究中的重要地位和应用潜力。  相似文献   

山东乳山海滩岩及其重要科学意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

毕福志  袁又申 《现代地质》1991,5(2):201-207,T002

乳山海滩岩,经过室内对微体化石、大化石和沉积岩石学研究,查明该岩体具有典型的海滩岩特征:含有两种文石胶结物、滨海相微体古生物和热带大化石。该岩体形成在全新世最佳气侯期,至少有3次成岩期,对研究古环境变化规律具有重要的科学意义。  相似文献   

贺兰山奥陶系研究的新进展   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

郑昭昌  李玉珍 《现代地质》1991,5(2):119-137

近年来,作者对贺兰山区奥陶系进行了岩石地层及生物地层学的研究,取得了新的进展。确证该区寒武系与奥陶系为连续沉积,对奥陶系进行了合理划分和时代厘定,初步建立了11个化石带或生物组合。该区是华北地台西缘奥陶系发育最好、生物地层研究最清楚的地区。根据沉积物及生物特征,确认本区中奥陶统为大陆边缘斜坡相沉积,浊流特征颇为典型。是研究斜坡沉积作用及其相模式、古构造古地理演化及其含矿性的理想地区。  相似文献   

中世纪温暖期气候变化的花粉化石记录   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

任国玉  张兰生 《气候与环境研究》1996,1(1):81-86

麦里泥炭剖面高分辨率花粉化石记录表明,东北科尔沁沙地在相当于中世纪温暖期阶段夏季降水量曾显著增加,主要表现为沙丘上的乔木和草本植物均获得了繁茂的生长,花粉沉积速率明显上升。作者推测,在中世纪温暖期中,欧亚大陆作为一个整体夏季温度可能暖于今天,这可能通过增强夏季风环流使中国东北夏季雨量增多,为沙丘植物茂盛生长提供了有利条件。  相似文献   

A mass ratio limit for primordial black holes     

P. Brosche  F.‐Th. Lentes  L. J. Tassie 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2003,324(6):556-559

We augment our scenario for the formation of astronomical objects from macroscopic superstrings by the assumption that the central matter keeps its identity in the fragmentation. From the condition that the angular momentum per mass squared of this matter should be less than the Kerr limit G/c, we obtain upper limits for the ratio of the mass of central black holes M(BH) to the mass M of the host object. This limit is M(BH)/M ≈ 0.001, and, expressed in observed quantities, approximately M(BH)/M ≈ σ²/(v · c) where σ is the r.m.s. velocity, v the rotational velocity and c the velocity of light. The valuesM(BH) agree with the observed behaviour both in order of magnitude and in the variation with velocity dispersion. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)  相似文献   

河南西峡晚白垩世恐龙蛋化石壳超高异常Sr的发现及其意义   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

朱光有  钟建华  周瑶琪  陈清华  姜在兴  谢宏亮 《沉积学报》1999,17(4):659-662

利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-AES),对采自河南西峡晚白垩世的十三枚恐龙蛋化石壳及蛋内充填物和部分围岩进行了测试。发现Sr元素具有明显的超高异常。恐龙蛋化石壳中的Sr的含量分布在1962×10-6～11010×10-6之间,平均5532×10-6,比古代和现代富Sr的腕足类外壳高一到数倍,比地壳丰度值高一个数量级还多。这种超高异常可能与恐龙蛋壳中含有一定数量的文石有关。而由于文石稳定性较差,在石化过程中会逐渐向低镁方解石转化,所以现在已无法再见到蛋壳中的文石,但Sr却保留了下来。反映了中生代时陆生爬行动物的蛋壳与海相生物硬壳一样具有文石和方解石共存的局面。  相似文献   

下扬子区孤峰组放射虫化石带划分及环境分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

何卫红  卜建军 《江苏地质》1999,23(1):17-23,T002

下扬子区中二叠统孤峰组线硅质岩中的放射虫化石极其丰富,这些化石主要阿尔拜虫类（ａｌｂａｉｌｌｅｌｌｉｄｓ）球形多囊虫类（Ｓｐｈｅｒｉｃａｌｐｏｌｙｃｙｓｔｉｎｅ）十字多囊虫类（ｓｔａｕｒａｘｏｎｐｏｌｙｃｙｓｔｉｎｅ）组成,其中以Ｐｓｅｕｄｏａｌｂａｉｌｌｅｌｌａｃａｌｐｒａｔａ．Ｐ．ｌｏｎｇｔａｎｅｎｓｉ,Ｐ．ｃｆ．ｌｏｎｇｉｃｏｒｎｉｓ,ＨｅｇｌｅｒｉａＭａｍｍｉｌｌａ,Ｆｏｌｌｉｃｕｃｕｌｌ  相似文献   

Anomiid (bivalve) bioerosion on Pleistocene pectinid (bivalve) shells,Rhodes, Greece     

Bromley  R.G. 《Geologie en Mijnbouw》1999,78(2):175-177

A trace fossil, Centrichnus eccentricus, was found beneath a saddle oyster (Anomia ephippium) that was preserved undisturbed on its substratum (a shell of Pecten jacobaeus), at the site of attachment of the calcified byssus.  相似文献   

Paleoenvironmental and Human Behavioral Implications of the Boegoeberg 1 Late Pleistocene Hyena Den, Northern Cape Province, South Africa     

Richard G. Klein  Kathryn Cruz-Uribe  David Halkett  Tim Hart  John E. Parkington 《Quaternary Research》1999,52(3):393

Boegoeberg 1 (BOG1) is located on the Atlantic coast of South Africa, 850 km north of Cape Town. The site is a shallow rock shelter in the side of a sand-choked gully that was emptied by diamond miners. Abundant coprolites, chewed bones, and partially digested bones implicate hyenas as the bone accumulators. The location of the site, quantity of bones, and composition of the fauna imply it was a brown hyena nursery den. The abundance of Cape fur seal bones shows that the hyenas had ready access to the coast. Radiocarbon dates place the site before 37,000 ¹⁴C yr ago, while the large average size of the black-backed jackals and the presence of extralimital ungulates imply cool, moist conditions, probably during the early part of the last glaciation (isotope stage 4 or stage 3 before 37,000 ¹⁴C yr ago) or perhaps during one of the cooler phases (isotope substages 5d or 5b) within the last interglaciation. Comparisons of the BOG1 seal bones to those from regional Middle Stone Age (MSA) and Later Stone Age (LSA) archeological sites suggest (1) that hyena and human seal accumulations can be distinguished by a tendency for vertebrae to be much more common in a hyena accumulation and (2) that hyena and LSA accumulations can be distinguished by a tendency for hyena-accumulated seals to represent a much wider range of individual seal ages. Differences in the way hyenas and people dismember, transport, and consume seal carcasses probably explain the contrast in skeletal part representation, while differences in season of occupation explain the contrast in seal age representation. Like modern brown hyenas, the BOG1 hyenas probably occupied the coast year-round, while the LSA people focused their coastal visits on the August–October interval when nine-to-eleven-month-old seals were abundant. The MSA sample from Klasies River Mouth Cave 1 resembles BOG1 in seal age composition, suggesting that unlike LSA people, MSA people obtained seals more or less throughout the year.  相似文献