热液金刚石压腔在地质流体研究中的应用   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6  

周义明 《岩石学报》2003,19(2):213-220

热液金刚石压腔(HDAC)是专为模拟地壳温压条件下的地质作用而设计的，它尤其适用于观测水或其它流体与地质物质之间的相互作用。HDAC可时-190～1200℃，0～10GPa的热液体系进行实验，并可在实验的温压条件下．用各种先进的光学方法分析样品，更可以把实验的全程录像存档。充满流体的HDAC本身就可当做是一个人工合成的流体包裹体。因此它可以用来研究流体的状态方程和相关系。它又可时其它流体包裹体样品施加外压力，因此在热分析的过程中可免除包裹体的膨胀或爆破的困境。HDAC可应用到颇为宽广的温压范围，它已被广泛地用来观测各种化学体系的临界现象，包括在地质方面特别有用的含水硅酸盐体系。HDAC也可与同步辐射X光源相结合，而取得各种金属或稀土元素水溶液的x射线吸收精细结构(X-ray absorption fine structure；XAFS)光谱，因而时在热液里的金属或稀土元素络合物的组分和结构提供了最基本的资料。然而，X光的强度在透过金刚石时，因绕射和吸收而大大地减弱，因此应用一般的HDAC来获取那些吸收边在10keV以下的元素的XAFS光谱颇为困难。目前已有两种改良式的HDAC解除了这方面的困难，而时在元素周期表上的第一排过渡性金属元素和稀土元素的水溶液，提供清晰的XAFS光谱。这些资料可用来研究金属或稀土元素络合物在地质热液里的特性，及其在元素迁移和成矿作用方面的效应。而这些元素在地质应用方面特别重要。  相似文献   

Breeding habitat selection by houbara bustard<Emphasis Type="Italic">(Chlamydotis [undulata] macqueenii</Emphasis>) in Mori,Xinjiang, China     

Weikang Yang  Jianfang Qiao  Olivier Combreau  Jun Yao  Xingyi Gao  Wenqin Zhong 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2002,45(1):1-12

The protoliths of mafic-ultramafic plutons in the northern Dabie Mts. (NDM) (Hubei) include pyroxenite and gabbro. The zircon U-Pb dating for a gabbro suggests that emplacement of mafic magma took place in the post-collisional setting at the age of 122.9±0.6 Ma. It is difficult to obtain a reliable Sm-Nd isochron age, due to disequilibrium of the Sm-Nd isotopic system. Two hornblende⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages of 116.1±1.1 Ma and 106.6±0.8 Ma may record cooling of metamorphism in the mafic-ultramafic plutons in Hubei below 500°C. The hornblende⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages for the mafic-ultramafic rocks in Hubei are evidently 15–25 Ma younger than those for the same rocks in Anhui, indicating that there is a diversity of the cooling rates for the mafic-ultramafic rocks in Hubei and Anhui. The difference in their cooling rates may be controlled by the north-dipping normal faults in the NDM. The intense metamorphism occurring in the mafic-ultramafic rocks in Hubei may result from the Yanshanian magmatic reheating and thermal fluid action induced by the Cretaceous migmatization. The geochemical similarity of these mafic-ultramafic rocks wherever in Hubei and Anhui may be attributed to the same tectonic setting via an identical genetic mechanism.  相似文献   

EVOLVING FACTOR ANALYSIS APPLIED TO FLOW INJECTION ANALYSIS DATA     

PAULJ.GEMPERLINE  J.CRAIGHAMILTON 《地理学报(英文版)》1989,(2)

Evolving factor analysis is used to estimate the concentration profiles and spectra of Bi~(3 )and the bismuthchloride complexes BiCl~(2 )through BiCl_6~(3-)formed by injection of bismuth percblorate into a flowingstream of 1.0 mol l~(-1) HCl.The estimated spectra compare favorably with previously published spectraof the complexes.  相似文献   

黑龙江新开岭变质核杂岩的组成及其演化   总被引：7，自引：4，他引：7  

赵海滨  莫宣学  徐受民  李尚林  马伯永 《地质科学》2007,42(1):176-188

新开岭变质核杂岩位于黑龙江省北部黑河地区,由断层下盘的变质核、拆离断层和上盘滑脱—冲断系所构成,地貌上呈长垣型的隆起带,变质核内面理外倾,盖层中褶皱轴向呈环形展布。本文根据同位素测年结果讨论了新开岭变质核杂岩的隆升和演化特征。中央侵入体花岗闪长岩的结晶年龄为171~164Ma,变质的白云母和流纹质糜棱岩的变形年龄分别为142Ma和155Ma,北部边界断裂带糜棱岩的⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar年龄为154.9±0.6Ma。中央侵入体的侵入时间代表了核杂岩的隆升时间,北部冲断带的年龄代表大规模的变形时间。岩浆流体、变质流体和构造流体的叠加使成矿更为有利,是今后找矿的重点地区。  相似文献   

峨眉山玄武岩的输送通道:云南元谋朱布岩体   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱丹  徐义刚  罗泰义  宋谢炎  陶琰  黄智龙  朱成明  蔡恩照 《矿物学报》2007,27(3):273-280

朱布镁铁-超镁铁侵入岩赋存有中型硫化物铂族元素矿床。根据岩体大小和矿床储量的简单质量平衡计算，矿床的形成需要至少3000倍现存岩体体积的岩浆参与成矿，因此朱布岩体应该是峨眉山玄武岩的输送通道。岩体的年龄、地质特征、地球化学都支持这个结论。岩体的原始岩浆应该属于峨眉山高钛玄武岩。  相似文献   

德兴地区新元古代镁铁-超镁铁岩的地球化学特征及其地质意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陆慧娟  华仁民  毛光周  龙光明 《矿物学报》2007,27(2):153-160

镁铁-超镁铁质岩的成岩过程、原始岩浆的成分特征及岩浆源区性质的判别对探讨大地构造演化的动力学过程具有重要意义。对赣东北德兴地区年龄约838 Ma的镁铁-超镁铁岩的主、微量元素、REE和Sm-Nd同位素进行了分析研究,认为它们多属亚碱性系列,地球化学特征既有共性,又有明显的差异性。它们都一致具有较高的εNd(t)值;但有些样品具有明显的“弧玄武岩”的地球化学特征,有些则显示板内拉张的信息等。作者据此探讨了赣东北地区新元古代镁铁质岩的成因、岩浆演化过程和构造背景。  相似文献   

Donald Ralph Bowes     

Bernard Elgey Leake 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2007,118(1):5-10

  相似文献   

The Quebradagrande Complex: A Lower Cretaceous ensialic marginal basin in the Central Cordillera of the Colombian Andes     

Alvaro Nivia  Giselle F. Marriner  Andrew C. Kerr  John Tarney 《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2006,21(4):423

The Quebradagrande Complex of Western Colombia consists of volcanic and Albian–Aptian sedimentary rocks of oceanic affinity and outcrops in a highly deformed zone where spatial relationships are difficult to unravel. Berriasian–Aptian sediments that display continental to shallow marine sedimentary facies and mafic and ultramafic plutonic rocks are associated with the Quebradagrande Complex. Geochemically, the basalts and andesites of the Quebradagrande Complex mostly display calc-alkaline affinities, are enriched in large-ion lithophile elements relative to high field strength elements, and thus are typical of volcanic rocks generated in supra-subduction zone mantle wedges. The Quebradagrande Complex parallels the western margin of the Colombian Andes’ Central Cordillera, forming a narrow, discontinuous strip fault-bounded on both sides by metamorphic rocks. The age of the metamorphic rocks east of the Quebradagrande Complex is well established as Neoproterozoic. However, the age of the metamorphics to the west – the Arquía Complex – is poorly constrained; they may have formed during either the Neoproterozoic or Lower Cretaceous. A Neoproterozoic age for the Arquía Complex is favored by both its close proximity to sedimentary rocks mapped as Paleozoic and its intrusion by Triassic plutons. Thus, the Quebradagrande Complex could represent an intracratonic marginal basin produced by spreading-subsidence, where the progressive thinning of the lithosphere generated gradually deeper sedimentary environments, eventually resulting in the generation of oceanic crust. This phenomenon was common in the Peruvian and Chilean Andes during the Uppermost Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous. The marginal basin was trapped during the collision of the Caribbean–Colombian Cretaceous oceanic plateau, which accreted west of the Arquía Complex in the Early Eocene. Differences in the geochemical characteristics of basalts of the oceanic plateau and those of the Quebradagrande Complex indicate these units were generated in very different tectonic settings.  相似文献   

UV-Vis spectrophotometric and XAFS studies of ferric chloride complexes in hyper-saline LiCl solutions at 25-90 °C     

Weihua Liu  Barbara Etschmann  Leone Spiccia  Brent McInnes 《Chemical Geology》2006,231(4):326-349

The speciation and thermodynamic properties of ferric chloride complexes in hydrothermal solutions and hypersaline brines are still poorly understood, despite the importance of this element as a micronutrient and ore-component. Available experimental data are limited to room temperature and relatively low chloride concentrations. This paper reports results of UV-Vis spectrophotometric and synchrotron XAFS experiments of ferric chloride complexes in chloride concentrations up to 15 m and at temperatures of 25-90 °C. Qualitative interpretation of the UV-Vis spectra shows that FeCl²⁺, FeCl₂⁺, FeCl_3(aq) and FeCl₄⁻ were present in the experimental solutions. As chloride concentrations increase, higher ligand number complexes become important with FeCl₄⁻ predominating in solutions containing more than 10 m at 25 °C. The predominance fields of FeCl_3(aq) and FeCl₄⁻ expand to lower Cl concentrations with increasing T. Both XANES and UV-Vis spectra reveal a major change in the geometry of the complex between FeCl₂⁺ and FeCl_3(aq). EXAFS data confirm that the number of chloride ligands increases with increasing chloride concentration and show that Fe³⁺, FeCl²⁺ and FeCl₂⁺ share an octahedral geometry. FeCl_3(aq) could be either tetrahedral or trigonal dipyramidal, while FeCl₄⁻ is expected to be tetrahedral. EXAFS data support a tetrahedral geometry for FeCl₄⁻, especially at 90 °C, but do not allow to distinguish between a tetrahedral or trigonal dipyramidal geometry for FeCl_3(aq) because of similar Fe-Cl distances. At room temperature, EXAFS data suggest that FeCl_3(aq) may be a mixture of octahedral and tetrahedral or trigonal dipyramidal forms.The room temperature formation constants for three ferric chloride complexes (FeCl₂⁺, FeCl_3(aq) and FeCl₄⁻) determined from the UV data are generally in good agreement with previous studies. Calculations based on the properties extrapolated to 300 °C show that hematite solubility is much higher than previously estimated, and that the high orders complexes FeCl_3(aq) and FeCl₄⁻ are important at high temperatures even in solutions with low chloride concentrations. The accuracy of these properties is limited by a poor understanding of activity-composition relationships in concentrated electrolytes, and by limitations in the available experimental techniques and extrapolation algorithms; however, the inclusion of higher order complexes in numerical models of ore transport and deposition allows for a more accurate qualitative prediction of Fe behaviour in hydrothermal and hypersaline systems.  相似文献   

藏北羌塘泛非和印支事件的记录:来自俄久卖变质杂岩地球化学与锆石U-Pb年代学的证据   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

郑艺龙  王根厚  郭志文  梁晓  袁国礼  王寒冻  黄波  何亚东 《岩石学报》2015,31(4):1137-1152

藏北羌塘盆地大地构造属性是长期争议的议题,深入研究有助于对该问题的探讨。俄久卖杂岩体产出于羌塘盆地中央隆起带北缘,包括夕线石片麻岩和片麻状花岗岩,以及侵位于其中的淡色花岗岩脉。在中央隆起北侧,高级变质岩仅发现于俄久卖杂岩体内。因此,该杂岩为研究羌塘盆地构造演化的重要窗口。在区域地质调查的基础上,本文重点对片麻状花岗岩和淡色花岗岩开展了岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学与地球化学研究。其中,片麻状花岗岩加权平均年龄为476.6±4.8Ma,且岩石中大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、Th和Pb相对富集,高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti和P较亏损,显示弧火山岩的地球化学特征。淡色花岗岩中的锆石呈明显的核-幔-边环带结构,其核部测得年龄介于2052±25Ma~541±8Ma之间,幔部加权平均年龄为463.7±7.5Ma,边部内侧为214.6±2Ma,边部外侧为189.4±1.1Ma。地球化学特征表明该淡色花岗岩形成于典型的同碰撞构造环境。综合研究表明,俄久卖杂岩体包括早古生代泛非晚期岩浆事件产物(~470Ma),且在印支运动期遭受深埋作用并发生部分熔融,分别形成了~214Ma和~189Ma的淡色花岗岩。因此,羌塘盆地内泛非时期的地质记录可延伸至中央隆起带北缘。  相似文献