华北克拉通南缘豫西燕山期花岗岩类的 Pb-Sr- Nd同位素地球化学特征   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

陈岳龙  张本仁 《地球科学》1994,3(3)

对华北克拉通南缘豫西燕山期具类似于板块俯冲带花岗岩成分变化规律（成分极性）的八宝山、柳关、后瑶峪花岗斑岩类的Pb、Sr、Nd同位素地球化学特征的研究,揭示了这些斑岩的主要物质来源是新太古代的太华群斜长角闪岩部分熔融产生的熔浆与地幔来源物质混合形成的产物。稀土元素含量非常低的八宝山花岗斑岩在岩石形成过程中有流体与其发生交代作用,由于交代及混合作用造成花岗斑岩类的Rb—Sr等时线多为假等时线;柳关花岗斑岩基本上完全由太华群的斜长角闪岩提供物质,豫西地区燕山期的花岗岩岩基其物质来源更为复杂,可能有宽坪群为其提供物质。  相似文献   

腾冲火山活动的时代和岩浆来源问题   总被引：35，自引：0，他引：35       下载免费PDF全文

穆治国  佟伟  Garniss H.Curtis 《地球物理学报》1987,30(3):261-270

47个腾冲火山岩样品的K-Ar年龄值域在0.09和17.84Ma之间。4条火山岩的⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar-⁴⁰K/³⁶Ar等时线年龄分别为2.93、0.81、0.31和0.13Ma。火山喷发的时代从中新世到更新世,喷发的高潮在晚更新世。腾冲火山目前还不是死火山,而腾冲及其邻区的热事件（侵入-热变质-喷发）又是连续发生的。20个样品的Rb和Sr含量、稳定Sr同位素初始比（0.70578-0.71437）以及其它地球化学资料还表明,这些火山岩是属于板块碰撞带生成的高钾钙碱性岩浆系列。火山岩的母岩浆来源于地幔的玄武岩浆,但在上升过程中受到过富含放射性成因Sr的地壳物质的强烈渐进混染。  相似文献   

On the rifting dynamics of plate divergence and magma accumulation at oceanic ridge axes     

Wolf R. Jacoby  Bettie Higgs 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1995,145(3-4):505-521

Rifting dynamics at spreading axes is governed by two processes: the large-scale plate divergence and the local magma accumulation in the crust-mantle transition layer. Both evolve simultaneously. A model is developed particularly for the situation in Iceland where a well studied rifting episode occurred in the Krafla volcanic system 1975–1984. Both the divergence and the buoyant rise of magma create tensile deviatoric stress in the axial region, but while divergence generates an altogether extensional stress field, uprising of buoyant melt produces tension only near the axis but compression of the sides. The buoyant rise is driven by the differential pressure gradient in rock and melt. The processes are studied with a two-dimensional finite-element routine. Presently thermal effects are neglected. The model parameters are density difference, size of the buoyant body, externally applied stress field, mechanical properties of rock and melt. Relatively small amounts of divergence and small increases of buoyancy are shown to generate axial tension which can overcome the tensile strength. Axial tension produced by buoyant bodies can even overcome lateral compression. Observed long intervals of quiescence require either large rock strength, quasi-continuous stress relaxation, small buoyant bodies, and/or a compressive deviatoric stress normal to the axis during much of the time between rifting episodes. Buoyant rise and injection of melt must be important in generating compression.  相似文献   

江西西华山花岗岩的演化与脉钨矿床的成矿关系     

梅勇文 《岩石学报》1987,3(4)

江西西华山脉钨矿床的形成与含钨花岗岩浆演化密切相关,“附加侵入”二云母或白云母碱性长石花岗岩的出现,对脉钨矿床的形成具有重要意义。脉钨矿床形成的全过程可概况为:从深熔—重熔花岗质岩浆产生→岩浆不断的分异并多次上侵→含钨岩浆的结晶分异(主侵入成岩)→碱质自交代→低熔岩浆的形成和气热分馏(附加侵入成岩)→细晶岩等的贯入和成矿流体最后从岩浆中彻底分离→成矿流体上升充填交代及其性质的演变→黑钨矿(长石)石英脉的形成。  相似文献   

大同火山群地质及岩石学特征   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

邓晋福  莫宣学  林培英 《地球科学》1987,(3)

大同火山群以盆地为对称轴分布,中更新世晚期火山位于盆地的轴部,中更新世早期火山位于盆地两侧。计算的延伸和断裂速率分别为0.43cm/a和0.22cm/a。大同火山群主要属于碱性橄榄玄武岩系列,中更新世早期火山的一部分属于拉斑系列,夏威夷岩是大同火山岩的一个主要类型.中更新世早期火山岩的氧化物变异趋势可能是受高压下Ol+Opx的分离作用控制.中更新世晚期火山岩氧化物变异趋势暗示了是受岩浆混合作用的控制。  相似文献   

台北盆地构造特征及形成机制探讨   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

张进  马宗晋  吴贻  李天斌 《地震地质》2005,27(1):131-144

台北盆地位于台湾造山带的北部,它的形成有其特殊的机制而不同于一般意义上由于造山带的垮塌直接导致的盆地。钻井、地震勘探等资料表明,控制盆地形成的山脚断层并不是一条完整的正断层,而是由 3个段落组成,每个段落控制 1个沉积中心,彼此之间没有沟通。山脚断层各段落的活动性并不相同,向NE方向随时间逐渐增强,目前最为活动的段落集中在中段和北段,南段已不活动。台北盆地并不是一个孤立发育的盆地,是与金山断层东南的大屯火山群同时陷落的,具有一致的地球物理场背景、沉降规模以及正断层活动,广义的台北盆地从沉降范围和机制上还应该包括金山断层以南的大屯火山群。盆地周围发育了一系列的火山 (群),由于盆地的发育是紧随这些火山主要活动之后的,盆地的形成与周围火成活动有着必然联系,一些地球物理资料和盆地内的构造发育及沉积迁移特征表明,台北盆地的发育是深部岩浆体的冷却收缩所致。台北盆地深部存在与大屯火山群深部相通的岩浆体,岩浆体的冷却由南向北迁移  相似文献   

The influence of viscous and latent heating on crystal-rich magma flow in a conduit     

Alina J. Hale  Geoff Wadge  Hans B. Mühlhaus 《Geophysical Journal International》2007,171(3):1406-1429

  相似文献   

土性指标和地层性质对水泥搅拌桩成桩质量的影响     

符学兵 《江苏地质》2007,31(4):370-372

从水泥土的固化机理出发,结合水泥搅拌桩桩身标准贯入试验和水泥土配合比试验,分析讨论了土性指标、土质条件和地层性质对水泥搅拌桩成桩质量的影响。  相似文献   

含硫化物镁铁质-超镁铁质侵入体中橄榄石Mg、Ni含量的制约:原理、模式及Voisey's Bay侵入体样品研究(英文)   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

李楚思  Edward M.Ripley 《地学前缘》2007,14(5):177-185

镁铁质-超镁铁质岩浆结晶分离早期形成镁铁矿物,镁铁矿物中的Ni和Mg是相容元素。随着结晶分离作用的进行,Ni、Mg在硅酸盐岩浆及后形成的硅酸盐物质中的丰度下降。橄榄石中Ni含量及硅酸盐物质MgO/FeO比值都与母岩浆的相关值相关,据此可推断母岩浆的信息,它们之间可由实验测得的系数相联系。当岩浆饱和硫化物时,在结晶分离过程中硫化物珠滴会与镁铁硅酸盐物质一道析出,同时,与硫化物非饱和岩浆相比,过多的Ni会随之析出。这也反映在Ni、Mg含量比无硫化物分离时有更迅速的降低上。Ni、Mg含量变化值可以在VoiseysBay侵入体的模式曲线上反映出,加拿大Labrador的这一侵入体赋存了一个世界级的Ni-Cu-Co硫化物矿床。过去的作法是将侵入体中橄榄石的Ni、Mg含量与Simkin和Smith得出的各种火成岩中橄榄石的Ni、Mg含量相比较以确定Ni亏损,进而假定橄榄石来自硫化物饱和、有经济价值的岩浆。现在的研究显示这种简单的对比会导致错误。将样品数据与模式曲线对比并反映出侵入体矿物结晶堆积特征是重要的方法。使用这一方法,样品数据能很好地被模式曲线拟合。以在VoiseysBay的研究为例,当硫化物液相与硅酸盐矿物被去除后,硫化物非饱和的分离作用期就会显现出来,随后是硅酸盐结晶作用期。  相似文献   

Pre-eruptive and syn-eruptive conditions in the Black Butte, California dacite: Insight into crystallization kinetics in a silicic magma system     

Molly C. McCanta  Malcolm J. Rutherford  Julia E. Hammer 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2007,160(3-4):263-284

A series of experiments and petrographic analyses have been run to determine the pre-eruption phase equilibria and ascent dynamics of dacitic lavas composing Black Butte, a dome complex on the flank of Mount Shasta, California. Major and trace element analyses indicate that the Black Butte magma shared a common parent with contemporaneously erupted magmas at the Shasta summit. The Black Butte lava phenocryst phase assemblage (20 v.%) consists of amphibole, plagioclase (core An_77.5), and Fe–Ti oxides in a fine-grained (< 0.5 mm) groundmass of plagioclase, pyroxene, Fe–Ti oxides, amphibole, and cristobalite. The phenocryst assemblage and crystal compositions are reproduced experimentally between 890 °C and 910 °C, ≥ 300 MPa, X_H2O = 1, and oxygen fugacity = NNO + 1. This study has quantified the extent of three crystallization processes occurring in the Black Butte dacite that can be used to discern ascent processes. Magma ascent rate was quantified using the widths of amphibole breakdown rims in natural samples, using an experimental calibration of rim development in a similar magma at relevant conditions. The majority of rims are 34 ± 10 μm thick, suggesting a time-integrated magma ascent rate of 0.004–0.006 m/s among all four dome lobes. This is comparable to values for effusive samples from the 1980 Mount St. Helens eruption and slightly faster than those estimated at Montserrat. A gap between the compositions of plagioclase phenocryst cores and microlites suggests that while phenocryst growth was continuous throughout ascent, microlite formation did not occur until significantly into ascent. The duration of crystallization is estimated using the magma reservoir depth and ascent rate, as determined from phase equilibria and amphibole rim widths, respectively. Textural analysis of the natural plagioclase crystals yields maximum growth rates of plagioclase phenocryst rims and groundmass microlites of 8.7 × 10^− 8 and 2.5 × 10^− 8 mm/s, respectively. These rates are comparable to values determined from time-sequenced samples of dacite erupted effusively from Mount St. Helens during 1980 and indicate that syneruptive crystallization processes were important during the Black Butte eruptive cycle.  相似文献