新疆哈密沙泉子地区断裂构造航空重磁遥特征及相关性分析     

朱卫平  朱宏伟  徐璐平  张迪硕  陈瑶 《地质力学学报》2019,25(S1):170-174

为了研究航空物探（重、磁）及遥感在断裂构造研究中的关系,利用新疆哈密沙泉子地区开展的航空物探（重、磁）遥感调查数据,开展了该区断裂构造划分,共划分断裂构造18条。对划分的18条断裂进行了重磁遥特征及相关性分析,结果显示,区内所划分的一、二级断裂均为重磁遥相关,重磁遥相关的三级断裂也是与主体构造格架方向一致的断裂;重磁、磁遥相关断裂均为三级断裂,不相关断裂也是三级断裂。总体上,利用重磁遥资料进行大断裂或主体格架断裂划分时关联性更好。  相似文献   

A mineral magnetic and scaled-chrysophyte paleolimnological study of two northeastern Pennsylvania lakes: records of fly ash deposition, land-use change, and paleorainfall variation   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

K. P. Kodama  J. C. Lyons  Peter A. Siver  Anne-Marie Lott 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1997,17(2):173-189

A combined mineral magnetic and scaled chrysophyte study of lake sediments from Lake Lacawac and Lake Giles in northeastern Pennsylvania was conducted to determine the effects of land-use and sediment source changes on the variation of pH, conductivity, and alkalinity inferred from biotic changes. Ten 30–40 cm long gravity cores were collected from Lake Lacawac and three from Lake Giles. Isothermal remanent magnetizations (IRMs) were given to the lake sediments in a 1.3 T magnetic field to measure magnetic mineral concentration variations. IRM acquisition experiments were conducted to identify magnetic mineralogy. The bedrock, soils and a peat bog on the shores of Lake Lacawac were also sampled for magnetic analysis to determine possible lake sediment sources. The top 10 cm of sediment collected from Lakes Lacawac and Giles was two to four times more magnetic than deeper sediment. ²¹⁰Pb dating suggests that this intensity increase commenced circa 1900. SEM images of magnetic extracts from the highly magnetic sediments indicates the presence of magnetic fly ash microspheres from fossil fuel burning electric power generation plants. The similarity in magnetic coercivity in the top 8 cm lake sediments and in the peat bog supports an atmospheric source for some of the magnetic minerals in the youngest lake sediments. The highly magnetic sediments also contain an antiferromagnetic mineral in two cores closest to Lake Lacawacs southeastern shore. This magnetic mineral is only present deep in the soil profile and would suggest erosion and significant land-use changes in the Lacawac watershed as another cause for the high magnetic intensities (concentrations) in the top 10 cm of the lake sediments. The most significant changes in the scaled chrysophyte flora occurred immediately above the 10 cm level and were used to infer a doubling of the specific conductivity between circa 1910 and 1929. These variations also support land-use changes in the Lacawac catchment at this time. A similar shift in the scaled chrysophte flora was not observed in the top of Lake Giles, however, distinct changes were found in the deeper sections of the core coupled with a smaller peak in magnetic concentration. Fourier analysis of the ²¹⁰Pb-dated lake sediment magnetics indicates the presence of a 50 year period, low amplitude variation in the Lake Lacawac, Lake Giles, and Lake Waynewood (Lott et al., 1994) magnetic concentration records. After removal of the land-use/fly ash magnetic concentration peak by Gaussian filtering, the 50 year variation correlates strongly from lake to lake even though the lakes are in different watersheds separated by up to 30 km. When this magnetic variation is compared with Gaussian-filtered rainfall variations observed in New York City and Philadelphia over the past 120–250 years there is a strong correlation suggesting that magnetic concentration variations can record regional rainfall variations with an approximately 50 year period. This result indicates that magnetics could be used to document regional variations in climatic change.  相似文献   

Magnetic properties of metal-substituted haematite     

M. A. Wells  R. W. Fitzpatrick  R. J. Gilkes  & J. Dobson 《Geophysical Journal International》1999,138(2):571-580

Mineral and isothermal magnetic properties of Al-, Mn- and Ni-substituted haematites were characterized and their relationships evaluated in order to interpret better the results of magnetic analyses of soils and recent sediments. Aluminium, manganese and nickel haematites generally behaved as single-domain (SD) particles. The influence of incorporated Al on the magnetic behaviour of haematite was consistent with Al acting as a paramagnetic dilutent. Mass magnetic susceptibility ( χ ) and SIRM₈₀₀ decreased as the level of Al substitution increased. Incorporation of Mn and Ni increased χ , which could be associated with enhancement of the spin canting effect of haematite. The stability of SIRM₈₀₀ to demagnetization for Al-haematite appears to be related to a defect mechanism associated with the development of smaller crystallites arising from Al substitution. Magnetic domain rotation or flipping was probably inhibited, being blocked by structural defects during magnetization and demagnetization, and resulted in a low but stable partial SIRM (SIRM₈₀₀ ). %IRM/SIRM₈₀₀ demagnetization curves and estimated ( B _o )_CR values of ≤100  mT for Mn-haematite indicate pseudo-single-domain/multidomain-like behaviour despite Mn-haematite having particle and crystallite dimensions similar to Ni-haematite, which did not show this behaviour. Data indicate that parameters involving unsaturated, partial SIRM should be used with caution in magnetic studies of soils and sediments.  相似文献   

塔里木盆地南缘8.5 ka以来的黄土岩石磁学特征及其磁化率变化机制          下载免费PDF全文

吕爽  韩文霞  张涛  韩凤清  卢胜城  马学海  张志高 《地球物理学报》2019,62(8):3053-3066

黄土岩石磁学参数是古气候研究中的重要指标,其中磁化率应用最为广泛,并在黄土高原地区取得重大进展,其受控于成壤作用的变化机制也被普遍接受.然而在黄土高原外缘的新疆地区,磁化率的变化机制仍不明确,导致磁化率的古气候意义在该区存在较大争议.本文选取塔里木盆地南缘具有精确年代控制的典型黄土剖面（羊场剖面）开展岩石磁学和高分辨率磁化率研究,利用交叉小波分析方法并结合剖面粒度、矿物及元素特征对该地区磁化率变化机制进行初步探讨.结果显示,羊场剖面的岩石磁学性质主要由粗颗粒软磁性矿物所控制,同时也表现出一定的顺磁性特征.根据载磁矿物和磁化率变化特征可将剖面进一步划分为两个阶段：阶段Ⅰ（8.5~2.5 ka）,载磁矿物以亚铁磁性的磁铁矿为主,磁化率值整体较高;阶段Ⅱ（2.5~0.2 ka）,亚铁磁性矿物依然占据主导地位,但硬磁性矿物和以黄铁矿为代表的顺磁性矿物相对增多,磁化率值显著降低.相关性研究和交叉小波分析表明：阶段Ⅰ磁化率与粗颗粒组分的变化具有一致性,符合"风速论"模式;阶段Ⅱ磁化率不仅与粗颗粒组分具有明显的正相关关系,而且与指示成壤作用强度的频率磁化率百分含量呈现出显著的负相关关系,暗示了阶段Ⅱ的磁化率变化可能受到"风速论"和"还原性成壤"模式的共同影响.本文拓宽了对新疆地区黄土岩石磁学特征及其磁化率变化机制的深入理解,也为利用磁化率恢复新疆及中亚地区全新世以来的古气候变化历史提供了新的线索.  相似文献   

亚热带地区发育于不同母岩风化壳上的红壤磁学特征对比及其环境意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

郑兴芬  吕镔  陈梓炫  马兴悦  赵国永 《地球物理学报》2019,62(9):3509-3523

本研究对发育于亚热带地区花岗岩和变质岩风化壳之上的两个红壤剖面进行了系统的环境磁学测量及色度分析,探讨在同一地区不同母质上发育的红壤磁性差异的原因及其环境意义.研究区的两个剖面分别位于福建省南平市高铁北站和纺织厂附近,相距约15 km,气候条件基本相同.研究结果表明：（1）较强磁性的花岗岩母质层上发育的南平北站红壤（NPN）,在发育过程因母质层中多畴（MD）颗粒磁赤铁矿化的磁铁矿溶解,剖面上部的淋溶层和淀积层虽以较细的稳定单畴（SSD）颗粒和少量的假单畴（PSD）颗粒磁铁矿为主,但剖面磁性自下而上减弱.相较而言,南纺红壤（NF）剖面发育在磁性较弱的变质砂岩上,其过渡层和母质层以赤铁矿为主,因成壤过程中生成较细的超顺磁（SP）磁铁矿使得土壤淋溶层和淀积层磁性增强;说明母质不同是亚热带地区红壤磁性差异的主要原因.（2） NPN和NF两个剖面的气候条件基本相同,磁性差异比色度指标差异更为显著.亚热带地区因剖面受母质影响显著,整体磁性特征不能反映气候;黄度和红度的比值（b^*/a^*）远小于磁性的差异,说明针铁矿和赤铁矿的比值更能反映研究区的平均气候状况,即反映次生磁性矿物含量的参数为更适合的气候指标.  相似文献   

湖泊沉积物磁学特征指示的埃及Faiyum盆地全新世以来的环境演变     

江俊  ALAA Salem  赖晓鹤  张卫国  LESZEK Marks  FABIAN Wel  徐立辰  陈静  陈中原  孙千里 《湖泊科学》2016,28(6):1391-1403

利用埃及北部Faiyum盆地获得的高取芯率沉积物岩芯,进行沉积物多种磁性参数的测量,结合有机碳、介形虫、粒度等分析,在AMS14C加速器测年的基础上,建立全新世以来湖泊沉积物磁性特征变化的时间序列.结果表明,粒度效应以及沉积后的各种次生作用对沉积物的磁性特征没有明显的影响,磁性变化主要反映了沉积物不同来源组成的相对变化.全新世前沉积物磁性较弱,主要含不完全反铁磁性矿物,与周边沙漠的物质相似,结合其粒度特征,沉积物来源应以近源物质为主.全新世早中期(约10 5.4 ka BP)沉积物磁性变化相对稳定,有机质含量也较高,指示了来自尼罗河较为稳定的物质供应;而大约5.4 ka BP尤其最近约4.2 ka BP以来,磁性的明显变化反映了流域降水减少情况下,来自青尼河物质贡献的相对增加;最近约2.0 ka BP以来沉积物的磁性变化,则更多地与盆地人类活动的强化有关.总体而言,Faiyum盆地全新世以来的环境演变主要受控于全新世以来尼罗河与盆地的水力学联系.即:全新世前盆地未与尼罗河连通时,沉积物主要来源于周边沙漠的风成物质;而受全新世早-中期来流域季风降水增加的影响,泛滥的尼罗河为盆地提供了相对稳定的物质供应,湖泊也处于高湖面;全新世晚期以来,随着流域干旱化的加剧,尼罗河与盆地的连通性开始减弱,来自高磁性的青尼罗河物质贡献开始相对增加.最近约2.0 ka BP以来,虽然仍有人工运河连接尼罗河与盆地,但沉积物磁性的显著变化更多地反映了盆地人类活动的不断强化.  相似文献   

Distribution,sediment magnetism and geochemistry of the Saksunarvatn (10 180 ± 60 cal. yr BP) tephra in marine,lake, and terrestrial sediments,northwest Iceland     

John T. Andrews  Aslaug Geirsdttir  Jrunn Hardardttir  Sarah Principato  Karl Grnvold  Grta B. Kristjansdttir  Gudrún Helgadttir  John Drexler  Arny Sveinbjrnsdttir 《第四纪科学杂志》2002,17(8):731-745

In 1997, seismic surveys in the troughs off northwest and north Iceland indicated the presence of a major, regional sub‐bottom reflector that can be traced over large areas of the shelf. Cores taken in 1997, and later in 1999 on the IMAGES V cruise, penetrated through the reflector. In core MD99‐2269 in Húnaflóaáll, this reflector is shown to be represented by a basaltic tephra with a geochemical signature and radiocarbon age correlative with the North Atlantic‐wide Saksunarvatn tephra. We trace this tephra throughout northwest Iceland in a series of marine and lake cores, as well as in terrestrial sediments; it forms a layer 1 to 25 cm thick of fine‐ to medium‐grained basaltic volcanic shards. The base of the tephra unit is always sharp but visual inspection and other measurements (carbonate and total organic carbon weight %) indicate a more diffuse upper boundary associated with bioturbation and with sediment reworking. Off northwest Iceland the Saksunarvatn tephra has distinct sediment magnetic properties. This is evident as a dramatic reduction in magnetic susceptibility, an increase in the frequency dependant magnetic susceptibility and ‘hard’ magnetisation in a −0.1T IRM backfield. Geochemical analyses from 11 sites indicate a tholeiitic basalt composition, similar to the geochemistry of a tephra found in the Greenland ice‐core that dates to 10 180 ± 60 cal. yr BP, and which was correlated with the 9000 ¹⁴C yr BP Saksunarvatn tephra. We present accelerator mass spectrometry ¹⁴C dates from the marine sites, which indicate that the ocean reservoir correction is close to ca. 400 yr at 9000 ¹⁴C yr BP off northwest Iceland. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

渭河宝鸡市区段河床沉积物磁性特征分析     

张俊辉  王彦虎  姜珊  周旗  刘引鸽 《干旱区地理》2017,40(3):494-503

利用环境磁学的方法可以有效地示踪河流沉积物的物源,对渭河宝鸡市区段干流及其支流河床沉积物全面系统的磁学特征分析表明：渭河干流和支流沉积物的磁性矿物含量总体相对较高,磁性矿物类型主要以亚铁磁性矿物磁铁矿和磁赤铁矿为主,同时存在不完全反铁磁性矿物赤铁矿,磁晶粒以PSD（假单畴）和MD（多畴）颗粒为主。渭河干流沉积物的磁性特征在空间上表现出了一定的差异,根据χ_ARM/χ（非磁滞剩磁磁化率/磁化率）值的变化规律将渭河宝鸡市区段沉积物的来源分成了两段,第一段从宝鸡峡到神龙大桥,沉积物χ_ARM/χ 值逐渐减小,磁性颗粒逐渐变粗;第二段从神龙大桥到千河入渭口,沉积物χ_ARM/χ 值逐渐增大,沉积物的颗粒呈现出由粗变细的特征,指示了渭河宝鸡市区段河流沉积物存在一定的物源差异,渭河宝鸡市区段干流沉积物的物质来源主要以上游携带为主导,从神龙大桥向下游,支流对河床沉积物具有一定的贡献,北岸比南岸流域贡献的物质相对较多。  相似文献   

北京密云水库表层沉积物磁性矿物的鉴别   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

韩非  王芙仙  李金华  秦华峰  邓成龙  潘永信 《地球物理学报》2016,59(8):2937-2948

本文对密云水库表层沉积物中的磁性矿物进行了岩石磁学和透射电子显微学的综合研究.本实验建立的磁选方法实现将70%~85%左右的磁性矿物从沉积物中分离出来.岩石磁学研究表明,密云水库沉积物中的磁性矿物以多畴和单畴磁铁矿为主,还含有少量高矫顽力弱磁性载磁矿物(可能为赤铁矿).对磁选矿物的透射电镜观测表明,样品中部分单畴磁铁矿具有纳米尺寸和化学纯度高等特点,为拉长的立方-八面体磁铁矿,是趋磁细菌产生的化石磁小体;多畴磁铁矿多数具有微米尺寸,形状不规则,为碎屑成因;超顺磁磁铁矿粒径约为5~20nm,且含硅、铝等元素,可能为自生成因.研究结果表明,岩石磁学和透射电子显微学的综合应用可以更全面、准确地分析沉积物中磁性矿物的成分、含量、粒径和化学成分等信息,为环境磁学、生物地磁学和古地磁学研究提供依据.  相似文献   

西沙群岛西科1井晚中新世-上新世生物礁沉积的磁性地层学初步结果          下载免费PDF全文

王振峰  张道军  刘新宇  尤丽  罗威  易亮  祝幼华  秦华峰  谢强  车志伟  李忠权  邓成龙  朱日祥 《地球物理学报》2016,59(11):4178-4187

本文对西沙群岛西科1井钻孔岩心晚中新世-上新世生物礁沉积进行了详细的岩石磁学、磁性扫描与磁性地层学研究.结果显示,西科1井生物礁相沉积中的载磁矿物主要是磁铁矿.我们推测,这些磁铁矿的微小颗粒主要来自海水中含有的陆源物质,在生物生长过程中通过珊瑚体或其它寄生生物对海水的过滤与吸附作用保存在生物礁沉积中.进一步的磁性地层学研究及其与地磁极性年表的对比发现,在上新统莺歌海组、上中新统黄流组内部可获得多个年龄控制点,并对莺歌海组和黄流组的底界位置给出了初步制约.其中,莺歌海组记录了C2An.3n和C3n.4n,黄流组记录了C3An.2n至C5n.2n.虽然这一对比方案存在一定不确定性,但是在现阶段生物地层年代及其它年代学资料相对匮乏的情况下,我们认为本项研究的磁性地层学结果能为西沙群岛晚中新世以来的生物礁沉积提供更多可靠的年龄控制点,并为今后的区域地层对比提供磁性地层年代学依据.  相似文献