非洲锰矿床成矿规律、开发利用与勘查建议   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

栾卓然 《地质与勘探》2021,57(6):1216-1228

锰矿是我国重要的战略矿产资源,需求量不断增长,长期依赖国外资源保障供需关系。本文总结分析了非洲锰矿资源的特点、矿床类型与成矿规律等地质特征与勘查开发利用及贸易现状。分析表明：非洲是全球探明锰矿储量和资源量最多的地区,具有分布集中,规模大、品位高、杂质少的特点;锰矿床类型主要有条带状含铁建造（BIF）型、海相沉积型、海相火山-沉积型、陆相（湖相三角洲）沉积型、岩浆热液型等五大类,普遍遭受表生风化淋滤（溶蚀）作用改造;主要分布在卡普瓦尔克拉通、刚果克拉通西北部的加蓬地块和西非克拉通南缘的马恩-莱奥地盾中;成矿时代主要集中于前寒武纪,尤其是2.2~2.0Ga;非洲锰矿资源的勘查开发程度较高,其中南非是非洲锰矿勘查程度最高的国家,中非、北非国家的勘查开发程度较低;南非是全球最大的锰矿石生产国和锰矿产品出口国,目前占全球出口量的68.19%以上,我国是非洲锰矿产的最大出口地,占其出口总量的70.19%。建议：我国在非洲的勘查应重点关注非洲中部的条带状含铁建造（BIF）型锰矿和海相火山-沉积型锰矿;在非洲已有的中企基础上,组建大型的集团公司,建立多元的锰矿资源供应体系。  相似文献   

二价铁氧化对铁锰循环功能微生物活性的影响及机制          下载免费PDF全文

屈婧祎  童曼  袁松虎 《地球科学》2021,46(2):632-641

地质微生物是沉积环境中铁、锰氧化还原循环的主要驱动因子,铁锰共存环境中二价铁氧化对不同铁、锰循环功能微生物活性的影响差异和机制尚不清楚.以铁还原菌Shewanella oneidensis MR-1、铁氧化菌Pseudogulbenkiania sp.strain 2002、锰氧化菌Pseudomonas putida MnB1和Leptothrix discophora SS-1作为代表性的铁、锰循环功能微生物,利用平板计数、荧光显微镜等手段探究了Fe(II)氧化对功能微生物活性的影响差异及机制.结果表明0.05 mM Fe2+氧化60 min可使MR-1和MnB1的活菌数量降低4~5个数量级,SS-1及S.2002无显著失活.Fe(II)氧化产生的吸附态。OH和胞内。OH是细菌失活的主要原因,胞外H₂O₂、胞外游离态。OH和三价铁氧化物是细菌失活的次要原因,SS-1及S.2002产生了氧化应激反应,成功抵御了活性氧化物种.   相似文献   

锰矿主要类型、分布特点及开发现状          下载免费PDF全文

程湘  胡鹏  张海坤  姜军胜 《中国地质》2021,48(1):102-119

锰的用途非常广泛,世界上90%~95%的锰应用于冶金工业,其余应用于电池工业、陶瓷工业、化学工业等。根据成矿作用过程中的含矿岩系特征,将世界锰矿划分为海相沉积型、火山(热液)-沉积型、变质型、热液型和表生型5类,以海相沉积型、变质型和表生型为主。截至2019年,世界锰的储量达8.12亿t,但分布极不均匀,主要集中在南非、巴西、乌克兰、澳大利亚、加蓬、中国、印度、加纳等国,而优质锰矿石主要分布在南非、澳大利亚、加蓬、加纳。时间上,将锰的成矿作用分为7期,其中元古宙和新生代是主要的成矿期。空间上,锰矿床主要分布在南非德兰士瓦群、乌克兰尼科波尔盆地、澳大利亚格鲁特岛和皮尔巴拉克拉通、中国泛扬子区、西非克拉通等。目前,锰的生产主要集中在南非的卡拉哈里和波斯特马斯堡锰矿田、澳大利亚的格鲁特岛、加蓬的莫安达锰矿、加纳的恩苏塔锰矿等地。  相似文献   

矿石体重回归分析在新疆乌宗布拉克矿区的应用研究          下载免费PDF全文

毛红伟 《地质找矿论丛》2021,36(2):228-232

在资源储量估算的过程中,矿石小体重的准确与否将直接影响到资源储量估算的客观程度。对矿石小体重的准确预测将需要通过大量的统计分析工作,传统的方法是利用矿石小体重的算术平均值进行估算矿床资源储量,并没有考虑到多矿种对矿石小体重的影响程度。本文利用Excel软件"数据分析"的"回归"功能模块,对实验室所测定的矿石小体重值与其对应品位进行二元线性回归分析,快速、准确地构建矿石体重与其品位的数学模型,从而为资源储量估算提供了更客观、更科学的矿石体重模型。  相似文献   

Nitrous oxide production and denitrification rates in estuarine intertidal saltmarsh and managed realignment zones     

Martin S.A. Blackwell  Sirwan Yamulki  Roland Bol 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010

Increasing concerns over habitat loss and rising costs of sea defence maintenance due to rising sea levels, has seen increases in the practice of managed realignment and reflooding of former reclaimed areas of intertidal saltmarsh and mudflat around the world. These practices are taking place with little knowledge of their impact on soil biogeochemical processes. Rates of denitrification (using the acetylene inhibition technique) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) production were measured from a long-established saltmarsh (SM) and an adjacent, recently re-flooded managed realignment (MR) site comprising former arable land in the estuary of the River Torridge, Devon, UK. Incubations were carried out in closed chambers in which patterns of tidal flooding were simulated automatically. Measurements were made during periods of flood and non-flood over a total of four tidal inundations with estuarine water. During the latter two flooding episodes floodwater was amended with nitrate (NO₃⁻). Nitrous oxide production in the SM soil generally was lower than in the MR soil, with mean values and standard errors over the whole incubation of 0.27 ± 0.16 mg N₂O-N m⁻² h⁻¹ and 0.65 ± 0.15 mg N₂O-N m⁻² h⁻¹ respectively. Denitrification rates demonstrated a similar trend although generally were an order of magnitude higher than N₂O production, with mean rates and standard errors of 2.88 ± 1.12 mg N₂O-N m⁻² h⁻¹ in the SM soil and 3.39 ± 1.16 mg N₂O-N m⁻² h⁻¹ in the MR soil. The data suggest that both soils are net sinks for NO₃⁻ and net sources for N₂O. Both patterns of tidal inundation and floodwater chemistry affect the process rates in each soil differently. The impact of flooding with NO₃⁻ – amended water was greater on the SM soil than the MR soil, and it is likely that decomposing vegetation buried in the accreting sediments following reflooding at the MR site were supplying a source of N in the soil, and so process rates were less dependent upon external supplies. The act of managed realignment in intertidal zones could therefore result in an increase in mean production of N₂O in intertidal zones, at least in the short term.  相似文献   

Manganese in runoff from upland catchments: temporal patterns and controls on mobilization / Teneur en manganèse de l'écoulement en bassins versants d'altitude: variations temporelles et contrôles de la mobilisation     

K. V. HEAL  P. E. KNEALE  A. T. McDONALD 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(5):769-780

Abstract

Knowledge of the hydrochemical dynamics of the trace metal manganese (Mn) in upland catchments is required for water quality management. Stream water Mn and other solutes and flow were monitored in two upland catchments in northern England with different soils: one dominated by peat (HS7), the other by mineral soils (HS4). Maximum Mn concentrations occurred at different times in the two catchments: in summer baseflow at HS4 and during late summer storm events at HS7. A two-component chemical mixing model was used to identify the hydrological processes controlling Mn concentrations in stream water. This approach was more successful for HS4 than HS7, probably because of different processes of Mn release in the two catchments and also difficulties in selecting conservative solutes. Factor analysis of the stream water chemistry data set for each catchment was more useful in identifying the controls on Mn release into runoff. The factors indicate that the main source of Mn at HS4 is the hydrological pathway supplying summer baseflow, whereas at HS7 Mn is released during the rewetting of dried peat soils. Manganese concentrations in stream water in upland catchments appear to depend on soil type and antecedent moisture conditions. This has implications for the design of sampling strategies in upland catchments and also for managing the quality of water supplies from such areas.  相似文献   

微X射线束荧光扫描成份分析研究：元素二维分布图   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

巢志瑜  安庆骧 《岩矿测试》1990,9(3):161-164

经过改进的微X射线扫描分析装置,扩大了测量范围;提高了位移精度;处理数据及绘制二维(平面)元素分布图实现计算机化。测量并绘制出大洋锰结核中多元素平面分布图。  相似文献   

Nitric oxide profiles measured in situ during the Globus '85 campaign     

W. A. Matthews  Y. Kondo  P. Fabian  B. C. Krüger 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1989,8(3):229-240

Nitric oxide profiles obtained from three flights of chemiluminescent instruments during the Globus '85 campaign held in France in the autumn of 1985 are reported. When the profile obtained in the early morning of 20 September is compared with the flight made the previous afternoon, an average morning to midday NO ratio of 0.7 for the region between 26 and 33 km is obtained. This value is in good agreement with theoretical studies involving the photolysis of N₂O₅ and the establishment of the NO₂–NO equilibrium.  相似文献   

Intercomparison of NO column measurements during MAP/GLOBUS 1985     

R. L. McKenzie  W. A. Matthews  Y. Kondo  R. Zander  Ph. Demoulin  P. Fabian  D. G. Murcray  F. J. Murcray  O. Lado-Bordowsky  C. Camy-Peyret  H. K. Roscoe  J. A. Pyle  R. D. McPeters 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1988,7(4):353-367

Column measurements of nitric oxide were made using several techniques during the MAP/GLOBUS campaign in France in September 1985. The data sets are nearly co-located and simultaneous, therefore allowing a valid intercomparison of the various measurement methods. The range of altitudes sampled differs from instrument to instrument. This complicates the comparison because the data sets are to some extent complementary. The NO distributions apparently vary significantly from day to day, and possibly over shorter timescales. Changes in dynamics may be responsible for these variations. The results from the instruments which measure in the infrared and the ultraviolet are self-consistent, and show good agreement with photochemical predictions. On 19 September, when the intercomparison was made, the profile measured by the in-situ chemiluminescent instrument differed significantly from the predicted profile, and the measured columns were generally higher.  相似文献   

攀西地区铁钛氧化物矿物的显微结构     

李朝晖  彭志忠 《地球科学》1988,(1)

本文用矿石显微镜及单晶X射线分析方法,研究了攀枝花—西昌地区铁钛氧化物矿物的显微结构共生组合特点、各出溶相间的关系和分布方位以及不同岩石和矿石显微结构共生组合上的差异。业已查明它们受岩浆旋回和岩石类型所控制。本文指出了磁铁矿-钛铁晶石固溶体显微出溶结构可能是拐点分解经调制结构后的终期产物。  相似文献