共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
2.
国外锰矿资源、类型、地质特征及其对我国锰矿找矿的借鉴 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文所论述的内容限于陆地范围的锰矿床。世界锰矿资源达70亿吨,主要分布在南非、苏联,其次为澳大利亚、加蓬、巴西、印度、墨西哥和加纳等。世界重要锰矿床约150个,其超过1亿吨储量的有11处。本文据成矿作用、含锰建造、锰质来源及成矿条件等因素,将锰矿床分为5大类11个类型:海相沉积矿床(碎屑泥质岩型、碳酸盐岩型)、火山沉积矿床(绿岩硅质岩型、斑岩硅质岩型)、变质矿床(锰榴石英岩型或条带状含铁建造型)、热液矿床(接触交代型、裂隙充填型)和风化矿床(锰帽型、残积型、淋滤型),并综合其地质特征分列成表,各类型借以典型实例精要叙述。据世界锰矿资源、矿床类型、成矿时代,地质特征和控矿因素等特点,对我国锰矿找矿工作可引以为诫的是要注意前寒武纪(早元古代)变质锰矿床矿化信息的捕捉,要注意老第三纪(主要渐新世)地台型海相泥质岩型锰矿化线索的探寻,要重视火山沉积型锰矿的找矿,要继续加强表生风化型锰矿床的找矿和要注意铁、锰、铜和金矿的综合找矿。 相似文献
3.
中国锰矿成矿规律初探-陈毓川院士八十华诞专辑 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
中国锰矿资源较丰富,资源量排名在世界上位列第5.中国锰矿种类多样,有海相沉积型、火山-沉积型、碳酸盐岩中热水沉积型(或“层控”型)、与岩浆作用有关的热液型、受变质型及表生型.其中,海相沉积型占资源量的71.4％,表生型占15.7％,是最主要的两种类型.中国锰矿广泛分布于“泛扬子区”、华北陆块的燕辽地区以及天山和祁连山部分地区,尤以“泛扬子区”为最,并具分布广泛又相对集中的总体特征.中国的成锰时代多,中—新元古代、早古生代(寒武纪、奥陶纪)、晚古生代—早中生代是中国锰矿形成的重要时代.中国锰矿时-空分布的主要特征是“北锰南迁”:中元古代锰矿主要产于华北陆块的燕辽裂谷带,新元古代—古生代锰矿主要产于“泛扬子区”的大陆边缘盆地或台内盆地中.大型、超大型锰矿床或锰矿田的形成,受控于非构造期盆地性质、古海洋结构、古海水性质及海平面升降等因素,其形成环境存在一定的相似性及同源性. 相似文献
4.
非洲锰矿床成矿规律、开发利用与勘查建议 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
锰矿是我国重要的战略矿产资源,需求量不断增长,长期依赖国外资源保障供需关系。本文总结分析了非洲锰矿资源的特点、矿床类型与成矿规律等地质特征与勘查开发利用及贸易现状。分析表明：非洲是全球探明锰矿储量和资源量最多的地区,具有分布集中,规模大、品位高、杂质少的特点;锰矿床类型主要有条带状含铁建造（BIF）型、海相沉积型、海相火山-沉积型、陆相（湖相三角洲）沉积型、岩浆热液型等五大类,普遍遭受表生风化淋滤（溶蚀）作用改造;主要分布在卡普瓦尔克拉通、刚果克拉通西北部的加蓬地块和西非克拉通南缘的马恩-莱奥地盾中;成矿时代主要集中于前寒武纪,尤其是2.2~2.0Ga;非洲锰矿资源的勘查开发程度较高,其中南非是非洲锰矿勘查程度最高的国家,中非、北非国家的勘查开发程度较低;南非是全球最大的锰矿石生产国和锰矿产品出口国,目前占全球出口量的68.19%以上,我国是非洲锰矿产的最大出口地,占其出口总量的70.19%。建议：我国在非洲的勘查应重点关注非洲中部的条带状含铁建造（BIF）型锰矿和海相火山-沉积型锰矿;在非洲已有的中企基础上,组建大型的集团公司,建立多元的锰矿资源供应体系。 相似文献
5.
水城-纳雍锰矿集中分布在水城县中东部及与之相邻的纳雍县营盘等地,并与云南格学锰矿相邻。文章针对矿床的地质特征、成矿作用等进行探讨,认为该矿床成因类型属表生氧化的锰帽型矿床。 相似文献
6.
鄂东北地区红安群地层里广泛发育锰矿床（如鹰咀山、四方山-团山沟和孙冲等锰矿床）,目前对该类锰矿床的成因研究相对较为薄弱。本文以鄂东北地区鹰咀山锰矿床为研究对象,在详细论述其矿床地质特征基础上,对其进行矿物学及地球化学研究,认为鹰咀山锰矿床属于沉积变质型锰矿床。其形成后经抬升剥蚀至地表,遭受了表生氧化作用。锰成矿过程可分为3个期次：第1期为沉积成岩成矿期,锰矿物由菱锰矿、锰方解石及锰白云石组成;第2期为变质改造期,锰矿物主要由重结晶菱锰矿、黑锰矿及锰铝榴石等矿物组成;第3期为表生氧化期,锰矿物则主要由硬锰矿、软锰矿及锰钡矿等矿物组成。鹰咀山锰成矿物质来源应主要来自火山喷发和海底热液喷流作用。 相似文献
7.
鄂东北地区红安群地层里广泛发育锰矿床（如鹰咀山、四方山-团山沟和孙冲等锰矿床）,目前对该类锰矿床的成因研究相对较为薄弱。本文以鄂东北地区鹰咀山锰矿床为研究对象,在详细论述其矿床地质特征基础上,对其进行矿物学及地球化学研究,认为鹰咀山锰矿床属于沉积变质型锰矿床。其形成后经抬升剥蚀至地表,遭受了表生氧化作用。锰成矿过程可分为3个期次：第1期为沉积成岩成矿期,锰矿物由菱锰矿、锰方解石及锰白云石组成;第2期为变质改造期,锰矿物主要由重结晶菱锰矿、黑锰矿及锰铝榴石等矿物组成;第3期为表生氧化期,锰矿物则主要由硬锰矿、软锰矿及锰钡矿等矿物组成。鹰咀山锰成矿物质来源应主要来自火山喷发和海底热液喷流作用。 相似文献
8.
钦-杭成矿带主要金属矿床成矿系列 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
钦-杭成矿带是华南地区最重要的Cu-Pb-Zn-Au、W-Sn-Bi-Mo和Fe-Mn-S多金属成矿带。在前人工作基础上,根据矿床的成因组合、形成构造环境及其随地质历史演化的特点,将钦-杭成矿带主要金属矿床归纳为中新元古代海底喷流沉积型铜多金属矿床、新元古代海相沉积-变质型铁锰矿床、古生代海相沉积-叠生改造型铜铅锌铁锰矿床、加里东期与花岗岩类有关的钨钼金银多金属矿床、印支期与花岗岩类有关的钨锡铌钽铀多金属矿床、燕山期与花岗岩类有关的铜铅锌金钨锡多金属矿床、与区域动力变质热液作用有关的金银矿床等7个矿床成矿系列。进而讨论了各成矿系列的主要矿床类型、矿床地质特征和时空分布规律,初步认为,中新元古代海底喷流沉积型块状硫化物铜多金属矿床与大陆边缘岛弧火山作用有关,主要分布于扬子陆块东南缘和华夏陆块西北缘古岛弧褶皱区;新元古代受变质铁锰矿床与大陆裂谷火山作用有关,并经受了后期区域变质、热变质作用的改造,主要分布于加里东期隆起区;古生代层控型铜铅锌铁锰矿床与海底热水沉积成矿作用有关,且不同程度地受到后期岩浆-热液活动的叠加改造,主要分布于海西—印支期坳陷区与隆起区的过渡部位;加里东期斑岩-夕卡岩-热液脉型钨钼金银多金属矿床与奥陶纪末—志留纪陆内造山作用有关,主要分布于加里东期隆起区;印支期斑岩-夕卡岩-热液脉型钨锡铌钽铀多金属矿床与印支板块向华南板块的俯冲碰撞有关,成矿作用发生在后碰撞伸展阶段,主要分布于海西—印支期隆起区边缘;燕山期斑岩-夕卡岩-热液脉型铜铅锌金钨锡多金属矿床与岩石圈伸展引起的玄武岩底侵作用有关,广泛分布于海西—印支期拗陷区或中生代盆地边缘;与区域动力变质热液作用有关的金银矿床成矿系列,与印支—燕山期大规模的逆冲推覆作用有关,主要发育于钦-杭结合带两侧古陆边缘。 相似文献
9.
对印度中央构造带sauaar带锰矿及其围岩的31个样品进行了显微镜仔细的观察和鉴定,并分析了其主量元素、微量元素和稀土元素的地球化学特征,发现该带的锰矿主要是软锰矿和硬锰矿,锰矿主要富集在锰榴石英岩内.含锰岩系样品具非常高的Mn/Fe比值,说明热液运输和成矿作用期间锰和铁的强烈分异;MnO/TiO2为67.98-1417.52,说明有大量陆源物质经风化、搬运加入并混合沉积而成.用太古界平均澳大利亚页岩（PAAS）标准化后,稀土元素含量中δEu,δCe都有明显的正异常,说明该带锰矿床是在较强氧化海洋环境和有大量陆源物质加入的条件下沉积,并经过热液的变质交代作用而成的沉积一变质型锰矿床.该沉积-变质型锰矿的发现和研究对我国南方扬子克拉通中元古代浅变质岩系的锰矿寻找具有一定的借鉴意义. 相似文献
10.
中国锰矿资源特征及潜力预测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中国的锰矿资源丰富,截止到2016年,保有储量达15.5亿t,位居世界第六位。中国锰矿主要集中分布在南方的泛扬子古陆、北部的燕辽、西部的天山和祁连山等地区。中新元古代、早古生代（寒武纪、奥陶纪）、晚古生代-早中生代是中国锰矿形成的重要时代。在锰矿成矿规律研究的基础上,提出了如下方案：（1）以成矿作用作为一级分类要素,含矿岩系作为二级分类要素的8种成因类型划分方案;（2）根据锰资源潜力评价工作需要,将成因类型和工业类型相结合,以成矿作用和预测要素为一级要素,含矿岩系为二级要素的3种预测类型划分方案。其中,海相沉积型、风化壳型和古天然气渗漏沉积型锰矿是中国具有找矿潜力的主要锰矿床类型。基于此,将全国锰矿划分为11个Ⅲ级锰矿成矿带,对优选出的7个主要锰矿远景区的含锰层位、成矿特征、主攻类型、资源潜力进行了分析。最后,针对目前中国锰矿资源面临的问题,提出了下一步工作部署的建议和意见。 相似文献
11.
12.
A Mesoarchean greenstone belt (3.5–3.0 Ga) in the western part of the East Indian Shield comprising the Iron Ore Group of the Noamundi basin contains economic resources of both iron and manganese ores in the NNE plunging regional synclinorium. Manganese mineralization in the central and eastern parts of this synclinorium, particularly in Joda–Noamundi sector, has taken place in multiple cycles starting from syngenetic sedimentary and exhalative type through mobilization and remobilization in different stages of tectonism, deformation and hydrothermal activities to latest lateritic or supergene type. A relatively high temperature metamorphic jacobsite–hausmannite–bixbyite–braunite assemblage, low temperature hydrothermal pyrolusite–psilomelane–hollandite assemblage and supergene pyrolusite–manganomelane–groutite–polianite assemblage are present and were formed by recycling of manganese in different stages of mineralization. A detailed structural study of the manganese ore bodies as well as their ore petrographic and mineralogical characteristics with mineral chemistry has revealed systematic mineralization and their relation to deformational phases. Such recycling of manganese and its structural control of mineralization in different phases is unique of its kind in comparison with other Archean manganese deposits in the world. 相似文献
13.
14.
鄂东北早元古代沉积变质锰矿是我国时代最古老的锰矿之一,是由早元古代锰质碳酸盐岩经区域变质作用而成,后又经风化富集形成工业矿床。由于特殊的地质构造背景和成矿作用的多阶段性,元素和矿物组合复杂,具有独特性。本文研究了各种组分的演变关系和元素集散因素,为锰质碳酸盐岩在高压绿片岩相区域动力变质及其后表生作用中的演变提供了一个实例。 相似文献
15.
High-grade fault-hosted manganese deposits at the Woodie Woodie Mine, East Pilbara, are predominantly hydrothermal in origin with a late supergene overprint. The dominant manganese minerals are pyrolusite, braunite, and cryptomelane. The ore bodies are located on, or near the unconformities between the Neoarchean Carawine Dolomite and the Paleoproterozoic Pinjian Chert breccia (weathering product of Carawine Dolomite), and sedimentary units of the overlying ca 1300–1100 Ma Manganese Group. Stratabound manganese is typically located above or adjacent to steep fault-hosted manganese. The ore bodies range in size from 0.2 to 5.5 Mt with an average of 0.5 Mt. Historically, over 35 Mt of manganese has been mined at Woodie Woodie, and current ore resources are 29.94 Mt at 39.94% Mn, 6.96% Fe (resource and reserves statement, June 2011, Consolidated Minerals Pty Ltd).Manganese mineralization at Woodie Woodie is related to northwest–southeast directed extension and basin formation during the Mesoproterozoic. Basin architecture is generally well preserved and major manganese occurrences are localised along growth faults which down-throw the Pinjian Chert Breccia into local extensional basins. Manganese ore bodies are typically located on steep 2nd and 3rd order structures that extend off the major growth faults. Mineralized structures display a dominant northeast-trend reflecting the direction of maximum dilation during northwest–southeast extension.A paragenetic sequence is identified for the manganese ore at Woodie Woodie, with early hydrothermal braunite–pyrolusite–cryptomelane–todorokite–hausmannite, overprinted by late supergene oxides. Preliminary fluid inclusion studies in quartz crystals intergrown with pyrolusite and cryptomelane indicate that primary and pseudosecondary inclusions display a range of salinities from 1 to 18 eq. wt.% NaCl and trapping temperatures estimated to be from 220º to 290º at 1 kbar pressure.A lead–manganese oxide (coronadite) is common in manganese ores at Woodie Woodie, and Pb-isotope studies of 40 lead-rich ore samples from 16 pits indicate mineralization occurred within an age range of 955–1100 Ma. A mixed source is suggested for the lead, but was predominantly basalts and/or volcanogenic sedimentary units (e.g., Jeerinah Formation) of the ca 2700 Ma Fortescue Group. The typically high Mn:Fe ratios and enrichment in elements such as Pb, As, Cu, Mo, Zn are consistent with a dominantly hydrothermal origin for the manganese at Woodie Woodie. Supergene manganese is distinguished from hypogene manganese by a marked enrichment in REE in the supergene manganese.An early structural framework, established during Neoarchean rifting, provides a major structural control on manganese ore distribution. The Woodie Woodie mine corridor is located in a zone of oblique strike-slip extension on major northwest-trending transform faults and north-trending oblique normal faults. A major transform structure at the southern end of the Woodie Woodie mine corridor (Jewel-Southwest Fault Zone) likely acted as a major fluid conduit for manganese-bearing hydrothermal fluids and this would account for the concentration of significant manganese ore occurrences to the north and south of this structure. 相似文献
16.
V. N. Kuleshov 《Lithology and Mineral Resources》2011,46(5):473-493
Major regularities in the formation of manganese rocks and ores have been established on the basis of available published
and original data. The proposed genetic classification of main manganese deposits (with model examples) is as follows: sedimentary-diagenetic
(Nikopol, Bol’she-Tokmak; Ukraine), (volcanogenic) hydrothermal-sedimentary (deposits of the Atasui area, Kazakhstan; Magnitogorsk
Trough, South Urals), epigenetic (catagenetic) (deposits of the Kalahari manganese ore field, South Africa; Usinsk deposit,
Kuznetsk Alatau), and supergene (residual, infiltrational, cavern filling, and pisolitic deposits in India, Brazil, South
Africa, and Australia). The results suggest the following conclusions: (1) all primary manganese rocks and ores at the known
deposits are hydrothermal- and diagenetic-sedimentary formations of marine environments; (2) manganese concentrations achieve
the size of deposits at postsedimentary stages of the initial manganiferous sediment and manganese rock transformation (diagenesis,
catagenesis, and retrograde diagenesis); (3) indispensable participation of the isotopically light carbon dioxide related
to the destruction of organic matter (OM) is a characteristic feature of manganese carbonate formation during diagenesis;
and (4) the role of organic carbon in manganese ore formation becomes notable since early stages of Mn accumulation in the
Precambrian sedimentary basins (terminal Archean-initial Early Proterozoic). 相似文献
17.
湘中奥陶纪沉积锰矿带位于湖南省安化县、桃江县、宁乡县境内,呈近EW向展布,矿带内锰矿以质量好而著称。该成矿带的成锰沉积盆地受控于加里东期张性断裂系统,为一断陷盆地。盆地内发育一组NW向同沉积断裂,形成了一系列断陷槽,控制了沉积岩相的分布。锰矿主要产于盆地中心亚相的黑色页岩夹碳酸锰矿微相内。据矿带中锰矿的地质和地球化学特征以及微量元素和碳、氧、锶同位素组成,笔者认为,该锰矿属于热水沉积成因。综合对比表明,该成矿带具有良好的成矿条件和值得注意的资源潜力,有可能发展为大型锰成矿带。 相似文献
18.
熊耳山—外方山矿集区位于秦岭造山带之华北板块南缘,经历了复杂的碰撞造山过程,成矿时间跨度大,成矿强度高,成矿作用多样。复合造山过程和相应的成矿作用已被深入研究,但成矿系统的划分和叠加成矿作用尚需研究。本文将熊耳山—外方山矿集区发育的Au-Mo矿床划分为造山型Mo矿床、斑岩型Mo矿床、岩浆热液脉型Mo矿床、造山型Au矿床和岩浆热液型Au矿床5个类型,对应5种成矿系统：(1)造山型Mo矿床形成于250~227 Ma的同碰撞环境和227~194 Ma的后碰撞环境,为变质热液萃取壳源Mo成矿;(2)斑岩型Mo矿床形成于163~135 Ma的洋陆俯冲环境和135~116 Ma的岩石圈减薄环境,为岩浆热液携带幔源或壳源Mo成矿;(3)岩浆热液脉型Mo矿床形成于227~194 Ma的后碰撞环境,为岩浆热液携带幔源Mo成矿;(4)造山型Au矿床在三叠纪发生了预富集作用,主要形成于163~135 Ma的洋陆俯冲环境和135~103 Ma的岩石圈减薄环境,为变质热液萃取壳源Au成矿;(5)岩浆热液型Au矿床仅形成于135~103 Ma的岩石圈减薄环境,为岩浆热液携带壳源Au成矿。矿集区主要存在两种叠加成矿作用,即不同构造背景下多种成矿系统的叠加和同一构造背景下不同成矿系统的叠加。 相似文献