中国大陆东南边缘海现时地壳运动与地震动力学综合研究   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

周硕愚  吴云  施顺英  杨福平 《大地测量与地球动力学》2001,21(1):1-14

在东亚大陆动力学和西太平洋动力学背景下 ,定量研究中国大陆东南边缘海的现今区域地壳运动、动力学及地震危险性。基于 1994～ 1998年福建 -台北网、中国大陆网、台湾 -吕宋 (菲律宾 )网和东亚大陆及西太平洋的 IGS网等 4种不同空间尺度的 GPS测量结果 ,结合近 10 0年来的强震震源机制解、近 2 0余年来跨断层形变网、精密水准网、激光测距网及原地应力测量等结果 ,以及地球物理数值模拟与地质学成果 ,通过对多层次构造运动的分析、多学科结果的互验互补和整体综合研究 ,获得如下结果 :( 1)本研究区同时存在陆、海相互对进的两种地壳水平运动 :大陆东南沿海 11～ 12 mm/ a向东南、海洋对大陆 3mm/ a向西北以及台湾东海岸 53mm/ a向西北的运动 ;( 2 )台湾岛可能存在着以 2 4°N附近为其旋转轴的右旋运动 ;( 3) GPS和地形变测量求出现今区域应力场主压应力方向为 NW( NWW)向 ,与不同时间尺度的地震学和地质学结果一致 ;( 4 )观测与数值模拟共同证实 ,印度板块和菲律宾海板块对欧亚板块的联合动力作用是导致本区上述地壳运动的原因 ;前者导致的地壳运动速度比后者约大 4倍 ,但前者仅导致准均匀场 ,而后者则可产生变形局部化过程的非均匀场 ,从而为强震孕育提供动力 ;( 5)菲律宾海板块在台湾东侧对欧亚板块  相似文献   

川北早寒武世碳酸盐岩台缘斜坡沉积特征及变形构造形成机制探讨   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

沈骋  谭秀成  李凌  施开兰  苏成鹏  连承波  黎虹玮  肖笛 《古地理学报》2015,17(3):321-334

基于对川北米仓山西部旺苍县鼓城乡唐家河下寒武统仙女洞组露头剖面的观察与镜下分析发现,仙女洞组下段由生物碎屑泥晶灰岩(L)、粉砂质泥岩(M)、似瘤状砾屑灰岩(L')、角砾灰岩(R)、藻凝块灰岩(A)和含生屑钙质砂岩(S)组合而成,其以角砾灰岩、似瘤状砾屑灰岩和藻凝块灰岩为特征,且发育异地岩块和滑塌变形构造。进一步分析认为:L-M岩石组合为正常的斜坡环境低能沉积;L'-R岩石组合中的角砾灰岩为上斜坡生物灰泥丘崩坍滑动至下部而形成的,似瘤状砾屑灰岩可能是由于L-M岩石组合快速沉积导致沉积物失稳滑动变形、上斜坡生物灰泥丘崩落角砾致使的差异压实和滑动、以及后期物质成分差异引起的压溶作用等共同作用的结果,从而使灰质层发生破碎并被泥质包围形成断续的砾屑状,甚至轻微的位移,进而形成条带特征不明显的杂乱变形构造;微生物岩(Mb)组合为上斜坡的灰泥丘沉积;S-M岩石组合为斜坡上部的浊流沉积。根据上述分析结果建立米仓山西部仙女洞组碳酸盐岩台缘斜坡沉积模式,表明仙女洞组沉积早期米仓山西部存在台缘斜坡相沉积。  相似文献   

Pixel‐scale evaluation of SSM/I sea‐ice algorithms in the marginal ice zone during early fall freeze‐up     

Byong Jun Hwang  David G. Barber 《水文研究》2006,20(9):1909-1927

Observed reduction in recent sea ice areal extent and thickness has focused attention on the fact that the Arctic marine system appears to be responding to global‐scale climate variability and change. Passive microwave remote‐sensing data are the primary source underpinning these reports, yet problems remain in geophysical inversion of information on ice type and concentration. Uncertainty in sea‐ice concentration (SIC) retrievals is highest in the summer and fall, when water occurs in liquid phase within the snow–sea‐ice system. Of particular scientific interest is the timing and rate of new ice formation due to the control that this form of sea ice has on mass, energy and gas fluxes across the ocean–sea‐ice–atmosphere interface. In this paper we examine the critical fall freeze‐up period using in situ data from a ship‐based and aerial survey programme known as the Canadian Arctic Shelf Exchange study combined with microwave and optical Earth observations data. Results show that: (1) the overall physical conditions observed from aerial survey photography were well matched with coincident moderate‐resolution imaging spectroradiometer data and Radarsat ScanSAR imagery; (2) the shortwave albedo was linearly related to old ice concentration derived from survey photography; (3) the three SSM/I SIC algorithms (NASA Team (NT), NASA Team 2 (NT2), and Bootstrap (BT)) showed considerable discrepancies in pixel‐scale comparison with the Radarsat ScanSAR SICs well calibrated by the aerial survey data. The major causes of the discrepancies are attributed to (1) the inherent inability to detect the new thin ice in the NT and BT algorithms, (2) mismatches of the thin‐ice tie point of the NT2 algorithm, and (3) sub‐pixel ambiguity between the thin ice and the mixture of open water and sea ice. These results suggest the need for finer resolution of passive microwave sensors, such as AMSR‐E, to improve the precision of the SSM/I SIC algorithms in the marginal ice zone during early fall freeze‐up. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

黑洞吸积盘内边缘半径的演化     

汪定雄  杨兰田  何沙 《中国天文和天体物理学报》1995,(2)

本文用广义相对论讨论了黑洞吸积盘内边缘半径ｒ（ｍｓ）的演化规律。结果表明，吸积盘的中心黑洞在由Ｓｃｈｗａｒｚｓｃｈｉｌｄ型向极端Ｋｅｒｒ型演化的过程中，黑洞的角动量变化对ｒ（ｍｓ）的影响始终比黑洞的质量变化对ｒ（ｍｓ）的影响大。在此过程中ｒ（ｍｓ）始终是连续、单调减小的。本文得出ｒ（ｍｓ）对时间变化率的取值范围，并对其物理意义作了讨论。  相似文献   

中国东部陆架边缘海海洋物理环境演变及其环境效应   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

吴德星  兰健 《地球科学进展》2006,21(7):667-672

中国东部陆架边缘海是支撑中华民族伟大复兴的经济海域,其重要的战略地位及经济贡献对国家发展至关重要。对海洋环境和生物资源的了解有利于国家的根本利益,有利于加快创建和谐社会的宏伟目标,因而对该海域的深入研究是当前面临的迫切任务。国家重点基础研究发展计划（973）项目“中国东部陆架边缘海海洋物理环境演变及其环境效应”拟对中国东部陆架边缘海这样一个层化结构多变、多种运动形态耦合的复杂动力学系统中的物理环境的演变及其环境效应进行深入研究,进而揭示海洋环境演变规律,为国防安全、渔业生产等提供科学支持;同时对该项目研究的目的、科学意义、关键科学问题及预期目标等进行了简要介绍。  相似文献   

西昆仑北缘主乌鲁克锰矿床地质特征及成因探讨          下载免费PDF全文

毛红伟 《地质找矿论丛》2019,34(1):72-77

主乌鲁克锰矿床位于西昆仑北缘晚古生代陆缘裂谷恰尔隆弧盆系的北部,含锰层位为下石炭统他龙群细碎屑岩夹碳酸盐岩,锰矿层为黑色泥质碳质页岩夹铁锰质泥晶灰岩。锰矿体严格受地层的控制,呈NWW向展布,延伸较为稳定,规模较大,共见有13条锰矿体,其中有3个矿体较大构成主矿体;锰矿石以原生菱锰矿为主体,氧化矿石不多。该矿床与近年发现的玛尔坎苏地区锰矿床既有相似之处,又有明显不同,矿床类型为在深海-半深海陆缘裂谷环境中形成的与黑色碳质页岩有关的沉积型锰矿床,锰矿的成矿时代为早石炭世。由于下石炭统他龙群是西昆仑地区新发现的含锰层位,具有较大的找矿潜力,应加强矿床外围及深部的找矿工作。  相似文献   

资源环境承载力评价理论方法与实践     

张茂省  王尧  薛强 《西北地质》2019,(2):1-11

资源环境承载力评价是国土空间规划和三区三线划定的基础,评价理论与方法越来越受到各界的关注,但尚未形成完备的理论框架。本研究引入短板理论、风险理论和边际理论,构建资源环境承载力评价的理论框架与技术方法,并以陕北黄土高原绥德县为研究区开展实证研究。基于短板理论,识别区域重大资源环境问题,遴选1~3个制约性因素;基于边际理论,以资源开发利用利润最大化或无利润作为资源承载力评价标准,开展资源承载力评价;基于风险理论,以人类活动带来的环境问题或灾害引发的生命和财产风险的容许标准作为环境承载力评价标准,开展环境承载力评价;基于单因素承载力评价结果,开展综合承载力评价,评价结果为安全承载、容许超载或不可接受超载;将综合承载力评价结果与区域国土空间开发现状或规划结果做叠加分析,划定区域发展三区三线。通过对绥德县资源环境承载力评价,结果表明,该理论框架与技术方法简便易推广,评价结果可信,可以为国土空间优化、科学划定"三条红线"提供支撑。  相似文献   

Spatial controls on the distribution and dynamics of a marginal snowpack in the Australian Alps     

Shane P. Bilish  J. Nikolaus Callow  Gavan S. McGrath  Hamish A. McGowan 《水文研究》2019,33(12):1739-1755

Seasonal snowpacks in marginal snow environments are typically warm and nearly isothermal, exhibiting high inter‐ and intra‐annual variability. Measurements of snow depth and snow water equivalent were made across a small subalpine catchment in the Australian Alps over two snow seasons in order to investigate the extent and implications of snowpack spatial variability in this marginal setting. The distribution and dynamics of the snowpack were found to be influenced by upwind terrain, vegetation, solar radiation, and slope. The role of upwind vegetation was quantified using a novel parameter based on gridded vegetation height. The elevation range of the catchment was relatively modest (185 m), and elevation impacted distribution but not dynamics. Two characteristic features of marginal snowpack behaviour are presented. Firstly, the evolution of the snowpack is described in terms of a relatively unstable accumulation state and a highly stable ablation state, as revealed by temporal variations in the mean and standard deviation of snow water equivalent. Secondly, the validity of partitioning the snow season into distinct accumulation and ablation phases is shown to be compromised in such a setting. Snow at the most marginal locations may undergo complete melt several times during a season and, even where snow cover is more persistent, ablation processes begin to have an effect on the distribution of the snowpack early in the season. Our results are consistent with previous research showing that individual point measurements are unable to fully represent the variability in the snowpack across a catchment, and we show that recognising and addressing this variability are particularly important for studies in marginal snow environments.  相似文献   

海洋划界法理与领海基点信息系统建立          下载免费PDF全文

黄忠刚  张哲  罗容  刘报春 《海洋测绘》2011,31(5):79-81

以研究《联合国海洋法公约》及相关法律文书为出发点,探讨海洋划界理论与技术,分析我国领海现状,在此基础上提出领海基点信息管理与应用,建立领海基点信息数据库,进而实际制作领海基点信息系统。  相似文献   

Improving gravity anomalies over China marginal sea from retracked Geosat and ERS-1 data     

HWANG Chenway 《地球空间信息科学学报》2010,13(2):144-149

The quality of altimeter data and ocean tide model is critical to the recovery of coastal gravity anomalies. In this contribution, three retracking methods (threshold, improved threshold and Beta-5) are investigated with the aim of improving the altimeter data over a shallow water area. Comparison indicates that the improved threshold is the best retracking method over China Sea. Two ocean tide models, NAO99b and CSR4.0, are analyzed. Results show that different tide models used in the processing of altimeter data may result in differences more than 10 mGal in recovered coastal gravity anomalies. Also, NAO99b is more suitable than CSR4.0 over the shallow water area of China Sea. Finally, gravity anomalies over China Sea are calculated from retracked Geosat/GM and ERS-1/GM data by least squares collocation. Comparison with shipborne gravimetry data demonstrates that gravity anomalies from retracked data are significantly superior to those from non-retracked data. Our results have the same order as the other two altimeter-derived gravity models: Sandwell&Smith(V16) and DNSC08.  相似文献