黑龙江省东宁县五道沟金矿成矿流体特征及矿床成因     

方焱  何谋惷  丁振举  徐怡然  魏连喜 《现代地质》2020,34(2):254-265

五道沟金矿位于太平岭金-铜多金属成矿带,矿体呈脉状赋存于下二叠统双桥子组碳质板岩中,并严格受NE向断裂控制。根据野外观察和岩相学研究,将五道沟金矿成矿划分为早期石英阶段、石英-黄铁矿阶段、石英-碳酸盐阶段3个阶段,其中石英-黄铁矿阶段为主要成矿阶段。石英流体包裹体显微测温和拉曼光谱分析表明,金成矿期流体为中低温、低盐度的含CO₂流体。氢氧同位素分析表明,成矿流体是岩浆水和大气降水的混合流体。黄铁矿微量元素特征表明矿区内黄铁矿为岩浆热液成因;矿石硫同位素数据显示其具有岩浆硫和地层硫的混合特征。铅同位素组成图上,矿石铅、围岩铅和岩浆岩铅三者呈线性关系,具有同源特征,矿石中²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb和²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb值明显高于围岩的相应值,暗示了矿石铅为围岩铅淋滤产物。矿石同位素特征表明双桥子组碳质板岩应为金矿矿源层。综合矿床地质特征、流体包裹体和H-O-S-Pb同位素分析,认为五道沟金矿为造山型金矿。  相似文献   

新疆北部弧-盆转化体系下铁氧化物-铜-金矿床的流体演化特征:来自卤族元素和稀有气体同位素的证据     

梁培  陈华勇  赵联党  Kendrick MARK  江宏君  张维峰  吴超  谢玉玲 《地学前缘》2020,27(3):239-253

东准噶尔北缘和东天山雅满苏带是中国新疆北部地区两个重要的晚古生代铁氧化物-铜-金矿化潜力区,以老山口、乔夏哈拉和黑尖山矿床作为典型矿床代表。研究表明两区域的铁氧化物-铜-金矿床均产出于盆地闭合的弧盆转化体系下,且具有明显的铁、铜-金两阶段矿化。卤族元素和稀有气体同位素作为可靠的流体示踪剂,被应用于探究这一特定构造环境下的铁氧化物-铜-金矿床的流体演化和矿床成因。结果显示老山口、乔夏哈拉和黑尖山矿床的成矿流体具有明显的混合流体端员特征:(1)岩浆流体端员,主要参与黑尖山矿床磁铁矿阶段,I/Cl、Br/Cl和⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar比值分别为(16.3~18.0)×10^-6、(1.03~1.06)×10^-3和352~437;(2)海水表源蒸发成因盐卤水端员,主要参与老山口矿床铜-金矿化阶段,I/Cl、Br/Cl和⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar比值分别为(77.1~87.7)×10^-6、(1.53~1.80)×10^-3和672~883;(3)蒸发岩溶解或者深度水-岩反应成因的盐卤水/沉积岩地层水端员,主要参与到老山口、乔夏哈拉矿床的磁铁矿阶段以及黑尖山、乔夏哈拉矿床的铜-金矿化阶段,综合I/Cl、Br/Cl和⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar比值分别为(477~26 301)×10^-6、(0.39~1.28)×10^-3和288~510。明显的多阶段矿化和铜-金矿化阶段以非岩浆富Ca高盐度卤水为主的特征与世界范围内的IOCG型矿床极为相似,表明新疆北部的铁氧化物-铜-金矿床应为IOCG型矿床。  相似文献   

青海共和盆地地热流体地球化学特征及热储水-岩相互作用过程     

马月花  唐保春  苏生云  张盛生  李成英 《地学前缘》2020,27(1):123-133

地热流体地球化学组成及其运移规律和成因机制研究对地热资源勘查和开发利用具有重要意义。当前,青海省地热资源开发利用程度低,更缺乏针对地热流体地球化学特征进行深入研究的系统性工作。青海共和盆地是青藏高原北缘的一个断陷盆地,盆地内地热资源丰富。本文以共和盆地及周围部分山区的地热系统为研究对象,基于系统地球化学采样和测试开展了地热流体地球化学组成及热储水-岩相互作用过程分析,认为:从共和下更新统热储、新近系热储到鄂拉山构造岩浆带再到瓦里贡山构造岩浆带,地热水中SiO₂含量依次升高,反映热储温度依次升高;上述地热地区热储中原生铝硅酸盐矿物的溶解和蚀变矿物的形成是控制地热水中阳离子含量的最重要的水文地球化学过程,而补给水下渗和地热水径流及升流过程中盐类矿物的溶滤则是水中阴离子(特别是 {\mathrm{SO}}_4^{2-}和Cl^-)的主要来源。  相似文献   

斑岩型和浅成低温热液型矿床成矿流体与找矿预测研究:以华南若干典型矿床为例     

倪培  迟哲  潘君屹 《地学前缘》2020,27(2):60-78

斑岩型和浅成低温热液型矿床是全球铜、钼、金、银的主要来源之一,具有重要经济价值。这两类矿床之间通常存在紧密的时空关系,对其成矿流体性质和演化的解剖不仅有利于探究金属沉淀机制,也有助于揭示两者之间的内在成因联系。本文在综述国内外重要研究前沿基础上,以中国华南富家坞斑岩型铜钼(金)矿、桐村斑岩钼矿,以及邱村和安村浅成低温热液金矿为例,系统总结了斑岩型和浅成低温热液型矿床流体特征、演化规律和金属沉淀机制、探讨了从斑岩型到浅成低温热液型流体演化的“气相迁移”模型,并以福建紫金山铜金矿床为例,介绍了应用流体填图进行找矿预测的实例。  相似文献   

莺歌海盆地乐东地区石英裂隙内流体包裹体特征及其对天然气成藏制约          下载免费PDF全文

税蕾蕾  梁茹  孟祥豪  郭来源  许克伟 《沉积与特提斯地质》2020,40(1):45-52

莺歌海盆地乐东地区是我国典型高温超压天然气勘探领域,其关键储层黄流组砂岩以天然气富含CO_2为特征,对其中石英颗粒内裂隙包裹体的研究能为CO_2来源和天然气成藏信息提供重要线索。本文通过对黄流组砂岩石英颗粒内包裹体进行岩相学、显微测温与激光拉曼分析,结果表明黄流组砂岩石英颗粒内正常捕获流体包裹体均一温度主要分布在155～165℃与170～180℃两个温度区间,流体包裹体成分为CO_2(气)和H_2O(液)两种或CO_2(气)和CO_2(液)、H_2O(液)三种。这些特征表明乐东地区黄流组至少经历两期富含CO_2的热液活动,记录了埋藏晚期无机CO_2在火山活动或深大断裂发育期充注成藏的信息。  相似文献   

Mineralogy,Fluid Inclusion,and Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotope Studies of the Intrusion‐Related Yangla Cu Deposit in the Sanjiang Region,SW China: Implications for Metallogenesis and Deposit Type     

Li‐Juan Du  Bo Li  Zhi‐Long Huang  Jun Chen  Jia‐Xi Zhou  Guo‐Fu Zou  Zai‐Fei Yan 《Resource Geology》2020,70(1):28-49

The Yangla deposit is an intrusion‐related Cu deposit in the Jinshajiang tectonic belt (eastern Sanjiang region, SW China). Despite extensive studies that have been conducted on this deposit, the relationship between the granitic magma and Cu mineralization is still unclear, and hence, the genesis is debated. To answer this question, we conducted an integrated study of mineralogy, fluid inclusions (FIs), and hydrogen and oxygen (H‐O) isotopes. Three mineralization stages were identified based on the ore textures, alteration zonation, and crosscutting relationships: (i) pre‐ore prograde skarn (stage I), with the garnet and pyroxene dominated by andradite and diopside, respectively; (ii) syn‐ore retrograde alteration (stage II), which is subdivided into the early syn‐ore stage (stage IIa) marked by retrograde hydrated mineral assemblages and significant Fe‐Cu‐Mo‐Pb‐Zn sulfide mineralization, and the late syn‐ore stage (stage IIb) featured by quartz‐calcite veins; and (iii) late supergene mineralization (stage III), which is characterized by secondary azurite and malachite. These results of mineralogy, FIs, and H‐O isotopes indicate that: (i) Cu mineralization has a close temporal, spatial, and genetic relationship with skarn alteration; (ii) the ore fluids were magmatic dominated with late‐stage meteoric water incursion; and (iii) Type‐S (halite‐bearing) and Type‐V (vapor‐rich) FIs coexisted in garnet and clinopyroxene of stage I, indicating that fluid boiling might have occurred during this stage. From stage I to stage IIa, the FI type transformed from Type‐S + Type‐V + Type‐L (liquid‐rich) to Type‐V + Type‐L with the conduct of mineralization and was accompanied by the disappearance of Type‐S, and homogenization temperature and salinity also tended to decrease dramatically, which may be caused by the deposition of skarn minerals. At stage IIa, boiling of the ore fluids still continued due to the change from lithostatic to hydrostatic pressure, which triggered the precipitation of abundant quartz‐Cu‐Mo‐Fe sulfides. Furthermore, fluid mixing between a high‐temperature magmatic fluid and a low‐temperature meteoric water might cause a considerable drop in temperature and the deposition of Cu‐bearing quartz/calcite veins during stage IIb. Hence, we consider the Yangla deposit to be of a skarn type, genetically related to the Mesozoic magmatism in the Sanjiang region.  相似文献   

内蒙古碾子沟钼矿床成矿流体来源、演化及成矿机理     

孙丰月  王睿  王一存  李顺达  王可勇  石开拓  孙清飞  王文元 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2020,50(3):768-780

内蒙古自治区碾子沟钼矿床地处华北地台北缘西拉木伦钼成矿带西段,为一典型的中型石英脉型钼矿床。该钼矿床矿脉（体）主要产于燕山早期二长花岗岩-钾长花岗岩内NNW、NW向断裂构造体系之中,成矿作用过程经历了黄铁矿±辉钼矿＋石英（Ⅰ）、辉钼矿＋黄铁矿±黄铜矿＋石英（Ⅱ）、黄铜矿＋黄铁矿±闪锌矿＋石英（Ⅲ）及石英±方解石（Ⅳ）4个阶段。系统的流体包裹体岩相学、包裹体组分析、包裹体显微测温研究表明,矿床初始成矿流体为高温、中低盐度（490~550℃,盐度（w（NaC1））2%~10%,50~62 MPa）均匀的NaCl-H₂O体系热液,δ¹⁸O_H2O-SMOW（2.21‰）及δD_H2O-SMOW（-68.9‰）表明其主要来源于岩浆热液;成矿流体上升并不断汇聚于容矿断裂空间,伴随温度、压力降低（380~460℃,26~40 MPa→360~420℃,25~30 MPa）而进入两相不混溶区,流体开始发生沸腾→强烈沸腾作用,导致成矿元素Mo大量沉淀富集成矿,成矿晚期残余流体与大气降水混合（δ¹⁸O_H2O-SMOW为-2.41‰~2.51‰,δD_H2O-SMOW为-110.1‰~-105.5‰）,矿床属燕山早期中高温岩浆热液型钼矿床。  相似文献   

大兴安岭西坡比利亚谷银铅锌多金属矿床成因     

梁小龙  孙景贵  邱殿明  徐智涛  谷小丽  任泽宁 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2020,50(3):781-799

比利亚谷银铅锌多金属矿床位于大兴安岭西坡的得尔布干成矿带,它是近些年来在该区新发现的一座大型银铅锌多金属矿床。该矿床矿体主要呈脉状、细脉浸染状、角砾状赋存于塔木兰沟组中—基性火山岩和满克头鄂博组酸性火山岩中的NW向断裂体系内。根据矿石的结构、构造以及矿物之间的共生组合、穿切关系,将成矿过程从早到晚划分为硅化石英+黄铁矿阶段（Ⅰ）、石英+黄铁矿+闪锌矿阶段（Ⅱ）、石英+黄铁矿+闪锌矿+方铅矿+辉银矿+黄铜矿±黝铜矿阶段（Ⅲ）、石英+黄铁矿+方解石+萤石±蛋白石阶段（Ⅳ）;详细的石英、闪锌矿流体包裹体研究揭示：成矿早阶段（Ⅰ、Ⅱ）石英中发育WL型、C型包裹体,包裹体完全均一温度为188~254℃,盐度（w（NaCl））为1.83%~4.79%,密度为0.81~0.94 g/cm³,属于中低温、低盐度的H₂O-NaCl-CO₂体系;成矿主阶段（Ⅲ）石英、闪锌矿中发育WL型包裹体,包裹体完全均一温度为160~188℃,盐度为3.69%~7.15%,密度为0.92~0.96 g/cm³,属于低温、中低盐度的H₂O-NaCl-CH₄体系;成矿晚阶段（Ⅳ）石英中发育WL型、L型包裹体,WL型包裹体完全均一温度为130~165℃,盐度为1.22%~3.53%,密度为0.93~0.95 g/cm³,属于低温、低盐度的H₂O-NaCl体系。流体包裹体H-O同位素地球化学特征揭示：早阶段流体的δ¹⁸O_H2O-SMOW值为-6.3‰~-5.9‰,δD_H2O-SMOW值为-163.4‰~-162.7‰;成矿主阶段流体的δ¹⁸O_H2O-SMOW值为-14.4‰,δD_H2O-SMOW值为-165.4‰~-162.0‰;成矿晚阶段流体的δ¹⁸O_H2O-SMOW值为-19.1‰,δD_H2O-SMOW值为-150.7‰;硫化物Pb同位素比值分别为²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=18.435~18.513、²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=15.579~15.675、²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=38.283~38.603。这种特征揭示,该矿床成矿流体为低温、低盐度的H₂O-NaCl-CH₄体系,早期为残余岩浆水和大气降水混合、中—晚期大气降水逐渐增加;成矿物质源于壳幔混合源区;成矿过程以流体混合方式导致成矿元素聚集和沉淀,矿床成因类型为与陆相火山-次火山作用有关的低硫化型浅成热液铜（银）铅锌多金属矿床;其整体与大兴安岭西坡同类型矿床相似,成矿作用发生在早白垩世（131.3 Ma）,与古太平洋板块俯冲产生的弧后伸展环境相关。  相似文献   

Quantifying flow resistance in mountain streams using computational fluid dynamics modeling over structure-from-motion photogrammetry-derived microtopography     

Yunxiang Chen  Roman A. DiBiase  Nicholas McCarroll  Xiaofeng Liu 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2019,44(10):1973-1987

Flow resistance in mountain streams is important for assessing flooding hazard and quantifying sediment transport and bedrock incision in upland landscapes. In such settings, flow resistance is sensitive to grain-scale roughness, which has traditionally been characterized by particle size distributions derived from laborious point counts of streambed sediment. Developing a general framework for rapid quantification of resistance in mountain streams is still a challenge. Here we present a semi-automated workflow that combines millimeter- to centimeter-scale structure-from-motion (SfM) photogrammetry surveys of bed topography and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to better evaluate surface roughness and rapidly quantify flow resistance in mountain streams. The workflow was applied to three field sites of gravel, cobble, and boulder-bedded channels with a wide range of grain size, sorting, and shape. Large-eddy simulations with body-fitted meshes generated from SfM photogrammetry-derived surfaces were performed to quantify flow resistance. The analysis of bed microtopography using a second-order structure function identified three scaling regimes that corresponded to important roughness length scales and surface complexity contributing to flow resistance. The standard deviation σ_z of detrended streambed elevation normalized by water depth, as a proxy for the vertical roughness length scale, emerges as the primary control on flow resistance and is furthermore tied to the characteristic length scale of rough surface-generated vortices. Horizontal length scales and surface complexity are secondary controls on flow resistance. A new resistance predictor linking water depth and vertical roughness scale, i.e.  H/σ_z, is proposed based on the comparison between σ_z and the characteristic length scale of vortex shedding. In addition, representing streambeds using digital elevation models (DEM) is appropriate for well-sorted streambeds, but not for poorly sorted ones under shallow and medium flow depth conditions due to the missing local overhanging features captured by fully 3D meshes which modulate local pressure gradient and thus bulk flow separation and pressure distribution. An appraisal of the mesh resolution effect on flow resistance shows that the SfM photogrammetry data resolution and the optimal CFD mesh size should be about 1/7 to 1/14 of the standard deviation of bed elevation. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

层状饱和场地中圆柱形基础的阻抗函数     

韩冰  梁建文 《地震工程与工程振动》2019,39(1):1-7

本文利用间接边界元法,建立层状饱和场地中三维土-基础动力相互作用模型,研究了孔隙中流体的存在、场地动力特性和圆柱形基础的高度对基础阻抗函数的影响。数值结果表明,孔隙中流体的存在对基础阻抗函数有明显的影响,尤其是水平和竖向分量;场地动力特性也对基础阻抗函数有明显的影响,层状饱和场地中阻抗函数围绕相应均匀半空间结果振荡,且基岩与土层刚度比越大或土层厚度越小,振荡的幅度越大,土层厚度越小,振荡的周期越小;另外,基础高度也对阻抗函数有明显的影响,随基础高度增大,阻抗函数逐渐增大。  相似文献