班公湖-怒江结合带洞错地区舍拉玛高压麻粒岩的发现及其地质意义   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  

王保弟  王立全  许继峰  陈莉  赵文霞  刘函  彭头平  李小波 《地质通报》2015,34(9):1605-1616

青藏高原班公湖-怒江结合带内中东段八宿、安多、蓬错西等地已有高压-超高压变质岩的报道,然而西段至今尚没有发现类似岩石出露。在班公湖-怒江西段改则洞错地区舍拉玛沟中发现高压麻粒岩(可能是退变榴辉岩),岩石呈透镜状、似层状或块状产于斜长角闪岩及变质辉长岩中,详细的岩相学及矿物化学研究确认,早期矿物组合主要为石榴子石、单斜辉石及斜长石(大部分钠黝帘石化),后期发生了较强烈的退变质作用,矿物组合为角闪石和斜长石,发育典型的"白眼圈"结构。利用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb方法获得高压麻粒岩的原岩时代为254±2Ma,指示班公湖-怒江洋盆打开的时限可以追溯到晚二叠世。地质温压计估算结果表明,高压麻粒岩相变质作用发生的温度和压力条件为780~900℃和13~16k Pa,角闪岩相变质作用发生的温度和压力条件为430~480℃和4.5~5.2k Pa,极有可能是班公湖-怒江特提斯洋壳发生高压麻粒岩相(甚至达到榴辉岩相)变质作用的产物。它的发现说明在班公湖-怒江结合带内部存在高压变质带,可能是大洋深俯冲的产物,这对研究青藏高原特提斯洋的形成演化具有重要意义。  相似文献   

副热带高压影响下陕西关中强对流发生的环境场特征及触发机制     

赵强  陈小婷  王楠  彭力 《气象》2022,48(1):28-43

2015—2018年陕西关中出现了4次副热带高压(以下简称副高)影响下的强对流天气,造成局部地质灾害和城市内涝,全球模式对短时暴雨出现了漏报.利用ERA5再分析资料(0.25°×0.25°)、地面加密自动站和西安站多普勒天气雷达等资料,分析此类强对流的环境场特征和触发机制,为预报预警提供思路.分析结果表明:陕西关中副高...  相似文献   

基于势能信息熵的黄土小流域地貌演化特征          下载免费PDF全文

赵卫东  王淑琴  田剑  季斌  马雷 《干旱区地理》2023,46(1):65-75

黄土高原流域地貌系统的地貌演化特征十分复杂,尚有诸多科学问题有待进一步深入研究。以往研究大多集中在流域地貌演化的侵蚀和发育特征等某一方面,缺乏从流域地貌系统及其势能信息熵的视角深入剖析野外多岩土层黄土小流域地貌演化特征的研究。为此,基于系统论的观点和方法,构建多岩土层黄土小流域地貌系统及其势能信息熵的数学模型,并以辛店沟小流域为例,对其地貌演化特征进行研究。结果表明：（1）构建的野外多岩土层黄土小流域地貌系统的概念模型及其势能信息熵的数学模型能够有效对辛店沟小流域进行数值模拟。（2）以黄土侵蚀作用为主的辛店沟小流域从2000—2019年的地貌演化过程是其势能信息熵的熵减过程和黄土地貌不断侵蚀的过程。（3）辛店沟小流域的势能信息熵能较好地反映该小流域的地貌演化阶段和地貌侵蚀过程。  相似文献   

复杂地形对长江流域太阳总辐射的影响(英文)     

王丽  邱新法  王培法  王晓英  刘爱利 《地理学报(英文版)》2014,(6)

Global solar radiation(GSR) is the most direct source and form of global energy, and calculation of its quantity is highly complex due to influences of local topography and terrain inter-shielding. Digital elevation model(DEM) data as a representation of the complex terrain and multiplicity condition produces a series of topographic factors(e.g. slope, aspect, etc.). Based on 1 km resolution DEM data, meteorological observations and NOAA-AVHRR remote sensing data, a distributed model for the calculation of GSR over rugged terrain within the Yangtze River Basin has been developed. The overarching model permits calculation of astronomical solar radiation for rugged topography and comprises a distributed direct solar radiation model, a distributed diffuse radiation model and a distributed terrain reflectance radiation model. Using the developed model, a quantitative simulation of the GSR space distribution and visualization has been undertaken, with results subsequently analyzed with respect to locality and terrain. Analyses suggest that GSR magnitude is seasonally affected, while the degree of influence was found to increase in concurrence with increasing altitude. Moreover, GSR magnitude exhibited clear spatial variation with respect to the dominant local aspect; GSR values associated with the sunny southern slopes were significantly greater than those associated with shaded slopes. Error analysis indicates a mean absolute error of 12.983 MJm-2 and a mean relative error of 3.608%, while the results based on a site authentication procedure display an absolute error of 22.621 MJm-2 and a relative error of 4.626%.  相似文献   

Terrain data compression using wavelet-tiled pyramids for online 3D terrain visualization     

Ricardo Olanda  Mariano Pérez  Juan Manuel Orduña  Silvia Rueda 《International journal of geographical information science》2014,28(2):407-425

Last years have witnessed the widespread use of online terrain visualization applications. However, the significant improvements achieved in sensing technologies have allowed an increasing size of the terrain databases. These increasing sizes represent a serious drawback when terrain data must be transmitted and rendered at interactive rates. In this paper, we propose a novel wavelet-tiled pyramid for compressing terrain data that replaces the traditional multiresolution pyramid usually used in wavelet compression schemes. The new wavelet-tiled pyramid modifies the wavelet analysis and synthesis processes, allowing an efficient transmission and reconstruction of terrain data in those applications based on multiresolution tiled pyramids. A comparative performance evaluation with the currently existing techniques shows that the proposed scheme obtains a better compression ratio of the terrain data, reducing the storage space and transmission bandwidth required, and achieving a better visual quality of the virtual terrain reconstructed after data decompression.  相似文献   

Spatial structure analysis of a reptile community with airborne LiDAR data     

N. Sillero  Luís Gonçalves-Seco 《International journal of geographical information science》2014,28(8):1709-1722

The analysis of the spatial structure of animal communities requires spatial data to determine the distribution of individuals and their limiting factors. New technologies like very precise GPS as well as satellite imagery and aerial photographs of very high spatial resolution are now available. Data from airborne LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) sensors can provide digital models of ground and vegetation surfaces with pixel sizes of less than 1 m. We present the first study in terrestrial herpetology using LiDAR data. We aim to identify the spatial patterns of a community of four species of lizards (Lacerta schreiberi, Timon lepidus, Podarcis bocagei, and P. hispanica), and to determine how the habitat is influencing the distribution of the species spatially. The study area is located in Northern Portugal. The position of each lizard was recorded during 16 surveys of 1 h with a very precise GPS (error < 1 m). LiDAR data provided digital models of surface, terrain, and normalised height. From these data, we derived slope, ruggedness, orientation, and hill-shading variables. We applied spatial statistics to determine the spatial structure of the community. We computed Maxent ecological niche models to determine the importance of environmental variables. The community and its species presented a clustered distribution. We identified 14 clusters, composed of 1–3 species. Species records showed two distribution patterns, with clusters associated with steep and flat areas. Cluster outliers had the same patterns. Juveniles and subadults were associated with areas of low quality, while sexes used space in similar ways. Maxent models identified suitable habitats across the study area for two species and in the flat areas for the other two species. LiDAR allowed us to understand the local distributions of a lizard community. Remotely sensed data and LiDAR are giving new insights into the study of species ecology. Images of higher spatial resolutions are necessary to map important factors such as refuges.  相似文献   

海底地基形位测量仪研制与海上试验研究     

李志刚  陈祥余  李海森  邓平 《海洋工程》2014,32(2):125-132

为了实现对海洋平台海底地基形位进行高效精细测量,基于多波束测深原理研制了拥有自主知识产权国产首套海底地基形位测量仪;文中给出海底地基形位测量仪的工作原理、系统组成,设计方案和主要关键技术,并在对该设备进行水池测试的基础上进一步开展了JZ20-2MUQ石油钻井平台海上外场实地测量试验研究,并对测量数据进行了细致处理获得了平台桩腿受冲刷影响形成的坑形信息;与传统潜水员探摸结果进行比对的结果表明该设备技术先进、测量结果有效可信,可以为海洋平台地基基础测试分析与安全评估提供重要的桩基形位信息。  相似文献   

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张凯  赵建虎  陈卓 《大地测量与地球动力学》2014,34(1):123-126

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四川盆地西北部9月两次低温暴雨过程对比分析     

刘莹  ;陈朝平  ;青泉  ;赵琳娜 《四川气象》2014,(4):24-30

利用常规气象资料和NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料对2001年9月18日和2013年9月18日四川盆地西北部的两次暴雨天气过程进行对比分析。分析结果表明：两次暴雨均发生在无低涡且低温条件下,受西风槽东移的影响,最大降水发生在龙门山迎风坡,地形作用对两次暴雨形成有重要的影响;四川盆地内的水汽来源既可以来源于孟加拉湾,在有台风配合的情况下也可以来自于东海;2001年9月18日暴雨中低层低空急流为暴雨提供了有利的热力、水汽和动力辐合条件;2013年9月18日暴雨中地形造成的低层强烈辐合和南亚高压造成的高层强辐散为强降水提供了有利条件;对于低温条件下盆地西北部的暴雨需注意副高对西风槽的阻挡作用,同时需注意低层偏东风分量的大小。  相似文献   

Context-based automatic reconstruction and texturing of 3D urban terrain for quick-response tasks     

《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2014

Highly detailed 3D urban terrain models are the base for quick response tasks with indispensable human participation, e.g., disaster management. Thus, it is important to automate and accelerate the process of urban terrain modeling from sensor data such that the resulting 3D model is semantic, compact, recognizable, and easily usable for training and simulation purposes. To provide essential geometric attributes, buildings and trees must be identified among elevated objects in digital surface models. After building ground-plan estimation and roof details analysis, images from oblique airborne imagery are used to cover building faces with up-to-date texture thus achieving a better recognizability of the model. The three steps of the texturing procedure are sensor pose estimation, assessment of polygons projected into the images, and texture synthesis. Free geographic data, providing additional information about streets, forest areas, and other topographic object types, suppress false alarms and enrich the reconstruction results.  相似文献