巨厚松散层裸孔施工技术措施   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

钟强  钟明 《山东国土资源》2013,29(10)

针对巨厚松散层在钻孔施工中易出现钻孔孔壁坍塌、掉块、缩径,造成埋钻、粘钻、卡钻,找不到原孔而形成岔孔等钻孔事故,简述了在巨厚松散层钻孔裸孔安全施工的要点和注意事项。  相似文献   

江陵凹陷八岭山—花园多层系盐和盐泥构造及其形成机制     

佘晓宇  龚晓星  吕鹏  梁斌  丁小辉  焦立波  唐婷婷 《现代地质》2013,27(4):765-773

近年来在八岭山-花园背斜构造翼部有新的油气发现,有必要对其构造性质进行再认识。通过地震解剖,认为渔洋组-新沟嘴组(K2y-Ex)有盐和盐泥两类构造叠置,可进一步划分为盐丘-盐柱多层叠置构造、盐泥丘-盐泥株(柱)构造和盐泥丘构造;盐泥构造的形成是塑化的盐泥岩顺层蠕动使每一单层变厚、多层累加增厚的叠加效应结果,盐泥沿早期断层侵入或底辟导致逆断层的产生,使断层具有下正上逆的特点;差异负荷和火山热对流为其主导动力学机制;渔洋组-沙市组下段(K2y-Es下)盐丘-盐柱产生期为中始新世,主要形成期为晚渐新世,沙市组上段-新沟嘴组(Es上-Ex)盐泥构造产生期为晚渐新世,两者均于更新世基本定型;盐泥构造翼部地层-盐泥封挡和上倾尖灭岩性-盐泥封挡圈闭为潜在的油气藏勘探类型。  相似文献   

致密油油藏空气泡沫调驱机理实验     

吴永彬  张运军  段文标 《现代地质》2014,28(6):1315-1321

以长庆某致密油井区取心样品、注入水与地层水、优选的空气泡沫体系等为基础,利用一维长岩心驱替实验装置开展了致密油储层基质与裂缝岩心分别注入纯泡沫液、空气与空气泡沫的注入能力实验,揭示在实际储层条件下,空气泡沫体系无法直接进入致密油基质岩心,但由于泡沫剂受到储层吸附,消泡后的纯泡沫液与气体可以顺利注入致密油基质岩心实现稳定驱替。设计并开展了基质渗透率级差为10、基质与裂缝双重发育的三管并联岩心驱替实验,明确了空气泡沫封堵裂缝调驱机理。泡沫流体主要进入裂缝岩心并有效封堵裂缝,部分泡沫消泡后形成的泡沫液与空气进入并驱替基质中的剩余油,最终空气泡沫驱残余油饱和度比水驱降低了21.12%,驱油效率提高了32.89%,改善水驱后开发效果明显;为避免暴性水淹的低效阶段,应在含水90%以前尽早转入空气泡沫驱,提高采油速度与经济效益。  相似文献   

Diagenetic transformations and silcrete–calcrete intergrade duricrust formation in palaeo‐estuary sediments          下载免费PDF全文

S. Ringrose  L. Cassidy  S. Diskin  S. Coetzee  W. Matheson  A. W. Mackay  C. Harris 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2014,39(9):1167-1187

The Boteti palaeo‐estuary in northern Botswana is located where the endoreic Boteti river, an overflow from the regional Okavango river system, enters the Makgadikgadi pans. The present work considers diagenetic silica and calcium carbonate dominated transformations. The aims are to help identify precursor conditions for the origin of microcrystalline silcrete–calcrete intergrade deposits while developing insight into pene‐contemporaneous silica and calcite matrix formation. General precursor conditions require the presence of cyclical endoreic freshwater inflow into a saline pan. The pan should be deep enough to sustain a permanent watertable under climatic conditions sufficient to cause carbonate fractionation within the groundwater. Freshwater inflow into a saline pan drives the geochemistry of the system (from freshwater to saline, from neutral to high pH). The geochemistry is controlled by the periodicity of inflow relative to salinity levels of phreatic groundwater in the receptor saline pan. The source of most silica and localized CaCO₃ is derived from the dissolution and precipitation of micro‐fossils, while more general CaCO₃ enrichment stems from saline pan based carbonate fractionation. Diagenetic change leads to colloidal then more consolidated bSiO₂/CaO aggregate formation (amorphous silica) followed by transformations into opaline silica over time. Irregular zones of siliceous sediment forming in otherwise calcareous deposits may relate to the irregular occurrence of biogenic silica in the source sediments, inferring a source for local silica mobilization in intergrade deposits. The distribution of calcareous micro‐fossils may have a similar converse effect. Diagenetic evidence from an intergrade deposit with a low SiO₂/CaO ratio suggests that transformation occurred more into the pan, while an intergrade deposit with a high SiO₂/CaO ratio more likely formed closer to a land margin and was frequently inundated by freshwater. Pene‐contemporaneous silcrete–calcrete intergrade formation under the above conditions may take place where dissolved silica crystallizes out in the vicinity of calcite crystals due to local decreases in pH. The continuing consolidation of bSiO₂/CaO aggregates may be facilitated by the presence of increasing amounts of calcite. It appears that CaCO₃ may act as a catalyst leading to pene‐contemporaneous bSiO₂/CaO aggregate formation. However the processes involved require further work. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Study on preventing frost heave methods for highway foundation in seasonal frozen area     

Xin LI 《世界地质(英文版)》2006,9(2)

In order to resolve the frost-heave problem of highway foundation, firstly, the author discussed the law to frost heave of highway roadbed and gave an analysis on its influencing factors, such as soil, water and temperature. Meanwhile, sand clay and silt are given a classification according to frost heave ratio. Secondly, the roadbed frozen damage shows to frost heave and froze boiling based on the frost heave law and its influencing factors. In addition, taking some highway as an example and some principle suggestion was given through the theory on providing frostbite methods for highway foundation frost heave in seasonal frozen area. Specially, an effective method, STYROFOAM extruded polystyrene foam was introduced.  相似文献   

日本富山县中田浦滑坡滑带内的黄铁矿   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

郑国东  徐胜  郎煜华  段毅 《地球化学》2006,35(2):201-210

日本富山县境内的中田浦滑坡剖面中产出以立方体为主要晶形的微小黄铁矿颗粒,它们多沿滑带土中的细裂缝分布。黄铁矿的产出状况、晶体形态以及滑带土的岩矿和地球化学特征均显示这些黄铁矿是滑带岩石粘土化作用过程的伴生产物,揭示滑带内的还原性氧化还原条件,它们总体受滑带的发生和发展所控制。因此,滑带土中的次生黄铁矿对于滑带土的形成具有特别的指相意义,有可能作为备选指标用来判断滑带的产生历史和发展进程,从而估计滑坡的发展演化。  相似文献   

优选泥浆配方的模糊数学方法     

曹丽文 《煤田地质与勘探》2000,28(5):63-64

泥浆试验属于多因素多指标评价试验。应用模糊数学理论中的多目标模糊决策法,根据不同地层的钻进需要,借助计算机编程计算优选泥浆配方是一个行之有效的方法。   相似文献   

显微动态与功能CT-未来的21世纪CT   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

陈惟昌  王自强  邱红霞  李玉彬 《CT理论与应用研究》2000,9(Z1):138-141

病理宏观肉眼诊断的空间分辨率为毫米数量级,而微观病理显微诊断的空间分辩为微米数量级。目前医学CT影像的空间分辨率已达到0.35mm已能满足宏观病理学诊断的要求。如果医学CT的空间分辩率再提高到微米水平,即可清晰显示细胞和组织的微细结构,从而满足现代医学临床病理诊断金标准的要求。目前工业CT(ICT)的空间分辨率已达到5－10微米,从而为提高医学CT的空间分辨率提供技术依据。本文给出用工业微焦点CT机首次对生物组织进行显微成像的结果。认为,应用微焦点X线源,以及采用钨酸镉集成电路CCD检测技术,进一步缩小检测器元件探头的尺寸和增加检测器探头的数目,可以提高医学CT的空间分辨率;应用电子束快速扫描技术,可以提高医学CT的时间分辨率,达到动态的水平：应用双能X线束扫描技术,可以进一步提高密度分辩率。如果未来医学CT的空间分辨率达到微米级(显微CT),时间分辨率达到毫秒级(动态CT),密度分辨率能观察到神经细胞有兴奋时胞内钙离子浓度的瞬态上升1000倍,即成为显微动态和功能CT,就可以观测人脑神经元在不同功能状态下的动态兴奋和时空编码过程,对进一步研究人脑的学习记忆和思维认知过程有重要意义。  相似文献   

黄土高原的泥流灾害与人类活动   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

雷祥义  黄玉华  王卫 《陕西地质》2000,18(1):28-39

通过对黄土高原泥流特征的研究,查明区内泥流主要分布在黄河谷地两岸及其主要支流流域,泥流对居民点、工厂、矿山、公路、铁路以及农业生产不仅带来不少麻烦,而且造成很大危害。人们筑路修渠、采矿建厂及不合理的堆放废渣、毁林毁草等加剧了泥流的发展,近年来,黄土高原泥流发生的频次日渐同,应从保护植被、稳固坡体、植树种草、挡排导及严禁乱弃废渣土石待方面加强对人为泥流的预防和治理。  相似文献   

凹凸棒石粘土处理城市废水的实验   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

朱继存 《江苏地质》2000,24(3):157-160

目前的城市废水处理方法有活性污泥法及粉末活性炭投料－活性污泥性,但两者皆存在不足之处。凹凸棒石具独特的结构和良好的吸附、脱色、净化和过滤性能。通过实验对其用于城市废水处理作了技术可行性研究,并进行了相应的经济可行性分析,认为凹凸棒石粘土可替代粉末活性炭处理城市废水且成本很低。  相似文献