Experimental study on a sampling technique based on a freeze-sediments valve for deep-sea microorganism     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

Deep-sea microorganism research has become a hot topic in life science, owing to its special value in high pressure and low temperature environment. If not kept the in-situ low temperature and high pressure, it will cause the microorganism to lose its activity and lead to a waste of resources. A freeze-sediments valve presents a promising solution to maintain the low temperature and high pressure in situ, improve the success rate of sampling and shorten the sampling time. A series of experiments were conducted to characterize the freeze-sediments valve, including the sampling time without leakage, adaptation to different sediments and the effect of the length, etc. Most important of all, temperature change of sediments is observed in all experiments. Experimental results indicated that the freeze-sediments valve was formed in 5 min without leakage and the freeze-sediments valve could be applied to different sediments without limitations on sediments type and mineral content. Considering the pressure retaining capacity and formation time of freeze-sediments valve, it was found that the freeze-sediments valve with a length of 60–80 mm has good pressure retaining capacity whose value was 41.3–48.4 Mpa and short formation time which was 5 min. Precooling the sampler could be used to shorten the sampling time in the actual environment application. This sampling technique can play a vital role in maintaining in-situ low temperature at −2 to −4 ° Celsius in all the experiments. According to the tests, the sampling technique based on the freeze-sediments valve had the potential to solve the problem of keeping in-situ temperature, low sampling success rate and long sampling time in the future.  相似文献   

不同水位垂直流人工湿地中植物及微生物特征     

刘国臣  王福浩  梁家成  佘宗莲 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2019,(2):98-105

利用4个连续进水的垂直流人工湿地,比较分析水位对污染物去除效果的影响,研究湿地中植物对氮磷去除的贡献,阐析湿地中脱氮功能菌数量的演变规律。3个湿地栽种黄花鸢尾,水位分别控制在19、51和84cm,另一个湿地不栽种植物,水位为51cm。结果表明,水位对氮和有机物的去除有显著影响(p<0.05),栽种植物的湿地中,51cm水位时总氮去除率(67.4%～79.2%)最高,19cm水位时氨氮(85.3%～93.0%)和COD(81.8%～92.9%)去除效果最好。试验中黄花鸢尾均生长良好,植物吸收对总氮(Total nitrogen,简称TN)和总磷(Total phosphorus,简称TP)去除的贡献分别为19.2%～27.3%和14.7%～19.2%;植物地上部分发挥更重要作用,其TN和TP含量及对TN和TP的吸收量均高于地下部分。湿地表层基质中3种脱氮功能菌数量均随运行时间的增加而显著提高,亚硝化细菌和硝化细菌数量分别为10~4～10~6和10~5～10~7 MPN/g,随水位升高而减少;反硝化细菌数量为10~3～10~6 MPN/g,随水位升高而增加。  相似文献   

包气带人工微生物反硝化除氮实验研究     

姜桂华  徐凌云 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1997,(4)

利用土柱模拟农田污灌下的包气带环境，对人工微生物在包气带中反硝化作用除氮进行了研究。并讨论了脱氮机理、脱氮效果及环境影响因素  相似文献   

羟基对微生物细胞的核酸、蛋白质、葡萄糖作用研究     

张芝涛  白希尧  沈欣军  胡又平 《海洋技术学报》2003,22(4):22-26

羟基自由基对细胞的三大基本分子核酸、蛋白质、葡萄糖有着强烈破坏作用。压载水中羟基的比值浓度达到0．63mg／L时，含有微生物液体中的总蛋白质含量从1．49g／100mL降到0．993g／100mL，减少了33．4％；核酸中RNA、DNA的含量分别从2．43μg／mg、0．96μg／mg分别减少到1．29μg／mg、0．19μg／mg，分别减少46．9％、80．2％；葡萄糖含量从0．246mg／100mL增加到0．492mg／100mL，增加了1倍。试验数据表明，羟基自由基氧化、分解、破坏了微生物细胞三大基本分子核酸、蛋白质、葡萄糖，这是微生物致死的主要生化原因之一。  相似文献   

Mussel Periostracum from Deep-Sea Redox Communities as a Microbial Habitat: 2. The Pit Borers   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

James E.  Hook Stjepko  Golubic 《Marine Ecology》1990,11(3):239-254

Abstract. Mussel periostracum from the Florida Escarpment redox community (3266 m depth) is extensively bored by a variety of microorganisms. Four different types of pit borings were observed and characterized on the basis of SEM images of their resin casts, and/or light and TEM reconstructions: two large, open-pit borers, a "button" borer, and a cone borer. These boring patterns represent distinctive feeding "strategies". The cumulative activities of periostracum borers remove the protective organic layer from the mussel shells, exposing the mineral to cndolith attack.  相似文献   

两种水质处理方式对养虾池内弧菌数量变化的影响   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

王志成  廖思明  童万平 《台湾海峡》2005,24(4):508-514

在两个对虾养殖场，采用不同的水质处理方式养殖凡纳滨对虾（Lhopenaeus vannamei，俗称南美白对虾），并对池内及其附近海域的弧菌数量、水化因子进行跟踪监测．结果表明使用有益微生物制剂处理水质的两口养殖池弧菌数量明显减少，弧菌细胞密度均值分别为535、918个／cm^3，对虾生长正常，水质稳定．另一使用消毒剂处理水质的养殖场弧菌数量较高，两口监测池的弧菌细胞密度均值分别达到373l、4182个／cm^3，且水色变化较大，对虾出现体色异常现象．  相似文献   

Mussel Periostracum from Deep-Sea Redox Communities as a Microbial Habitat: The Scalloping Periostracum Borer     

James E.  Hook Stjepko  Golubic 《Marine Ecology》1988,9(4):347-364

Abstract. A complex and highly unusual eukaryotic microorganism was discovered to be penetrating and removing the periostracum of deep-sea mussels from the Florida Escarpment brine seeps at a depth of 3266 m. These brine seeps support a chemolithoautotrophic redox community similar to those known from Pacific hydrotherma! vents. This microorganism of unknown taxonomic affinity is filamentous and coenocytic, with a simple plasma membrane and no cell wall. It forms prostrate, radiating systems of branched tunnels, 8–15 u.m in diameter. The surface of the tunnels is sculptured by helically organized, scale-like depressions, which are left as scars in the process of periostracum removal by the organism. Periostracum is removed in discrete pieces (scallops) at the ends of the tunnels. This organism has been found at three Atlantic deep-sea redox communities, but not in similar communities of the Pacific.  相似文献   

楚科奇海与白令海表层沉积中的钙质和硅质微体化石研究   总被引：13，自引：4，他引：13  

陈荣华  孟翊  华棣  王汝建 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2001,21(4):25-30

通过对北冰洋楚科奇海和令海41个表层沉积样品中的有孔虫、介形类等钙质微体化石和硅藻、放射虫、海绵骨针等硅质微体化石的定量分析，发现表层沉积中浮游有孔虫几乎缺失，这可能与该区表层生产力相对低、碳酸盐溶解作用较强有关，而底栖有孔虫和硅质微体化石的丰度分布则明显受表层沉积物类型、表层初级生物生产力和碳酸盐溶解作用所控制。其中，北冰洋楚科奇海陆架区有孔虫丰度和分异度低，含少量浅水介形类，放射虫在陆架浅水区缺失，但含有较多硅藻和海绵骨针等其它硅质微体化石，反映该区由于海冰、表层海水温度较冷而导致表歧初级生产力相对低。白令海陆坡区底栖有孔虫丰度比较科奇海高一个数量级，底栖有孔虫分异度也相对高，硅藻、放射虫、海绵骨针等硅质微体化石的丰度与钙质化石一样，其丰度比楚科奇海明显高，反映表层初级生产力相对高。根据白令海陆坡区底栖有孔虫和硅质微体化石丰度、底栖有孔虫胶结质壳比值的水深变化，推测该区碳酸盐溶跃层和补偿深度（CCD）相对浅，分别位于水深2000m和3800m处。  相似文献   

杉木林表层和底层土壤微生物生长对策的研究     

吴佳斌  陈玉平  陈碧燕  杨智杰  陈光水 《亚热带资源与环境学报》2012,7(4):78-81

底层土壤有机碳库占土壤总碳库的50％以上,但其控制机理仍不清楚．本研究以福建建瓯万木林自然保护区的杉木人工林为研究对象,采用改进的酶动力学分析方法,研究杉木林表层（0～10cm）和底层（40—60cm）土壤微生物生长对策的差异．结果显示,相对于表层土壤,底层土壤的易利用碳含量更高,表层土壤微生物更趋向于K对策,而底层土...  相似文献   

柴达木盆地新近纪叠层石中微生物化石组合的发现与钙化方式研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

温志峰  刘显太  钟建华  李勇  王海侨 《地质学报》2010,84(2):263-271

在柴达木盆地西部新近纪叠层石纹层中第一次明确发现了保存完好的微生物化石,其中包括微米级别的微生物球状构造,亚微米级的生物颗粒构造以及矿化的席状和片状有机组织。结合目前国内外的研究成果可以确定暗层中微米级球状构造为类似于Coccoid的硫还原微生物,亚微米的球状颗粒一方面是叠层石微生物席胞外聚合物质(EPS)的重要组成部分,另一方面也是极端条件下微生物体脱水收缩以后的产物,而片状和席状构造则是矿化的EPS以及微生物膜。通过对亮层和暗层中生物构造、石英、石盐以及方解石矿物的分析,可以确定叠层石的形成过程分为暗层有机主动矿化和亮层无机原地沉淀,其中的暗层矿化则分为上层封闭酸性环境中的光合作用,以及下层相对封闭环境中的硫还原和EPS的降解钙化作用,上部的亮层则主要为原地沉淀无机成因并在成岩过程中受到了暗层中有机质的影响。  相似文献