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51.
Depth profiles of fluorescence at several excitation and emission wavelengths were measured along with CTD data during the
cruise So119 of RV Sonne in the Arabian Sea from 12 May to 10 June 1997. In addition to chlorophyll fluorescence from phytoplankton in the near-surface
layer, the profiles in the oxygen minimum region well below the euphotic zone show enhanced red fluorescence. Red fluorescence
intensity is inversely related to the oxygen concentration in intermediate and deep waters. A relationship to characteristic
water masses of the region cannot be found in the data, and this holds also with chemical data such as DOC. Absorbance spectra
of water samples taken in the oxygen minimum zone show an absorption band at 420 nm wavelength with about 50 nm bandwidth,
much weaker than gelbstoff absorbance in the same wavelength range. The absorption band remains stable after sample filtration
with 0.45 μm glass fibre filters. Hence, the size of the absorbing matter is in the range of dissolved molecules or particles
much smaller than 1 μm. Fluorescence spectra of unfiltered samples with 420 nm excitation show a weak emission band at 600
nm and a more pronounced one at 660 nm wavelength. The trailing edge of the 660 nm band falls into the range of chlorophyll
emission, thus giving rise to the observed depth profiles of red fluorescence in the oxygen minimum zone. Red fluorescence
measured on samples remain stable during a few hours after sampling even in the presence of oxygen. It is not detectable after
several weeks of sample storage in the dark and cannot be reproduced even after depletion of dissolved oxygen.
Received: 22 May 2002 / Accepted: 18 February 2003
Responsible Editor: Andreas Oschlies
Acknowledgements. This work was supported by a grant from the Federal Minister of Education and Technology, Bonn, within the frame work of
the JGOFS Arabian Sea program. We are grateful to the captain and the crew of RV Sonne for their support. We are indebted to Mrs. Kirsten Neumann from the Institute of Marine Chemistry and Biogeochemistry of
the University of Hamburg for providing the oxygen data, and to Mr. Nikolai Delling from the same institute for making the
DOC and chlorophyll data available to us. 相似文献
52.
Results of a detailed statistical study of constant relative strength inelastic displacement ratios to estimate maximum lateral inelastic displacement demands on existing structures from maximum lateral elastic displacement demands are presented. These ratios were computed for single‐degree‐of‐freedom systems with different levels of lateral strength normalized to the strength required to remain elastic when subjected to a relatively large ensemble of recorded earthquake ground motions. Three groups of soil conditions with shear wave velocities higher than 180m/s are considered. The influence of period of vibration, level of lateral yielding strength, site conditions, earthquake magnitude, distance to the source, and strain‐hardening ratio are evaluated and discussed. Mean inelastic displacement ratios and those associated with various percentiles are presented. A special emphasis is given to the dispersion of these ratios. It is concluded that distance to the source has a negligible influence on constant relative strength inelastic displacement ratios. However, for periods smaller than 1s earthquake magnitude and soil conditions have a moderate influence on these ratios. Strain hardening decreases maximum inelastic displacement at a fairly constant rate depending on the level of relative strength for periods of vibration longer than about 1.0s while it decreases maximum inelastic displacement non‐linearly as the period of vibration shortens and as the relative‐strength ratio increases for periods of vibration shorter than 1.0s. Finally, results from non‐linear regression analyses are presented that provide a simplified expression to be used to approximate mean inelastic displacement ratios during the evaluation of existing structures built on firm sites. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
53.
A new inelastic structural control algorithm is proposed by incorporating the force analogy method (FAM) with the predictive instantaneous optimal control (PIOC) algorithm. While PIOC is very effective in compensating for the time delay for elastic structures, the FAM is highly efficient in performing the inelastic analysis. Unlike conventional inelastic analysis methods of changing stiffness, the FAM analyzes structures by varying the structural displacement field, and therefore the state transition matrix needs to be computed only once. This greatly simplifies the computation and makes inelastic analysis readily applicable to the PIOC algorithm. The proposed algorithm compensates for the time delay that happens in practical control systems by predicting the inelastic structural response over a period that equals the magnitude of the time delay. A one‐story frame with both strain‐hardening and strain‐softening inelastic characteristics is analyzed using this algorithm. Results show that the proposed control algorithm is feasibile for any inelastic structures. While the control efficiency deteriorates with the increase in magnitude of the time delay, the PIOC maintains acceptable performance within a wide range of time delay magnitudes. Finally, a computer model of a six‐story moment‐resisting steel frame is analyzed to show that PIOC has good control results for real inelastic structures. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
54.
GPS精密定位中的海潮位移改正 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
根据海洋负荷潮理论,利用NAO99b全球海潮模型,计算了中国部分IGS站的海潮位移改正,并将海潮位移改正应用到GPS数据处理当中。在GAMIT软件的解算过程中,分别按加入和不加入海潮位移改正,对GPS基线分量和测站坐标分别进行了计算和比较分析。结果表明,海潮位移改正无论是对GPS基线分量还是对测站坐标,都有一定的影响。 相似文献
55.
特定基准下的异常位移诊断 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对地壳运动和变形研究中存在的位移资料的参考基准、异常位移等问题,主要讨论了位移资料特定基准的转换和异常位移诊断的数学模型——特定基准转换模型为七参数相似变换模型,转换保持了变形体内部相对位置关系不变,并使转换后的位移矢量更能体现区域内的相对运动信息;异常位移诊断采用拟准检定法(QUAD),在选定拟准观测的情况下,使得位移真误差具有明显的分群性;模拟算例结果显示,本文采用的线性变换模型、粗差拟准检定法都表现出很好的效果。 相似文献
56.
57.
58.
高层建筑深基坑支护施工技术 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
深圳某高层建筑原基坑已作支护,但一直废弃作鱼塘用。新的基坑支护采用土钉墙和树根桩施工,支护完成后监测结果较好,没有发生明显的位移和沉降。 相似文献
59.
60.
Longitudinal Displacement of the Subtropical High in the Western Pacific in Summer and its Influence 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
Using the relative vorticity averaged over a certain area, a new index for measuring the longitudinal position of the subtropical high (SH) in the western Pacific is proposed to avoid the increasing trend of heights in the previous indices based on geopotential height. The years of extreme westward and eastward extension of SH using the new index are in good agreement with those defined by height index. There exists a distinct difference in large-scale circulation between the eastward and westward extension of SH under the new definition, which includes not only the circulation in the middle latitudes but also the flow in the lower latitudes. It seems that when the SH extends far to the east (west), the summer monsoon in the South China Sea is stronger (weaker) and established earlier (later). In addition, there exists a good relationship between the longitudinal position of SH and the summer rainfall in China. A remarkable negative correlation area appears in the Changjiang River valley, indicating that when the SH extends westward (eastward), the precipitation in that region increases (decreases). A positive correlation region is found in South China, showing the decrease of rainfall when the SH extends westward. On the other hand, the rainfall is heavier when the SH retreats eastward. However, the anomalous longitudinal position of SH is not significantly related to the precipitation in North China. The calculation of correlation coefficients between the index of longitudinal position of SH and surface temperature in China shows that a large area of positive values, higher than 0.6 in the center, covers the whole of North China, even extending eastward to the Korean Peninsula and Japan Islands when using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data to do the correlation calculation. This means that when the longitudinal position of the SH withdraws eastward in summer, the temperature over North China is higher. On the other hand, when it moves westward, the temperature there is lower. This could explain the phenomenon of the seriously high temperatures over North China during recent summers, because the longitudinal position of SH in recent summers was located far away from the Asian continent. Another region with large negative correlation coefficients is found in South China. 相似文献