南大洋混合层的时空变化特征     

应美佳  刘海龙  王夫常  张召儒  钟贻森 《海洋与湖沼》2019,50(6):1223-1232

过去对南大洋的研究受限于长期观测的缺乏,而现在地转海洋学实时观测阵(Arrayfor Real-timeGeostrophicOceanography,Argo)项目自开始以来持续提供了高质量的温度盐度观测,使系统地研究南大洋海洋上层结构成为可能。本研究使用2000—2018年的Argo浮标观测数据,分析了南大洋混合层深度(Mixed Layer Depth, MLD)的时空分布特征。结果表明:南大洋混合层存在明显的季节变化,冬春两季MLD在副南极锋面北侧达到最高值并呈带状分布,夏秋两季由于海表加热导致混合层变浅,季节变化幅度达到400m以上;在年际尺度上,MLD受南半球环状模(Southern HemisphereAnnularMode,SAM)调制,呈现纬向不对称空间分布特征,这与前人结果一致;本文指出在所研究时段,南大洋混合层在90°E以东,180°以西有加深趋势,而在60°W以西,180°以东有变浅趋势,显示出偶极子分布特征,并且这种趋势特征主要是风场的作用。  相似文献   

基于高分辨率风场的海洋近惯性能通量计算——时空特征及其影响因素     

杨兵  侯一筠 《海洋与湖沼》2020,51(5):978-990

基于高分辨率CFSR(climate forecast system reanalysis)风场资料、气候态海洋混合层厚度资料和卫星高度计海面高度异常资料,本文估计了大气风场向全球海洋混合层的近惯性能通量和近惯性能量输入功率,并探究了混合层厚度、风场时间分辨率、经验衰减系数和中尺度涡旋涡度对近惯性能通量和能量输入功率的影响。浮标实测风场和流速表明,本文所用的风场和阻尼平板模型可用于估计风场向全球海洋的近惯性能通量。本文计算得到的大气向全球海洋输入近惯性能量的功率为0.56TW(1TW=10~(12)W),其中北半球贡献0.22TW,南半球贡献0.34TW。在时间上,风场的近惯性能通量呈现各个半球冬季最强、夏季最弱的特征,这和西风带风场的季节变化有关。在空间上,近惯性能通量的高值海域为南、北半球西风带海洋,尤其是南大洋。混合层厚度和风场空间不均匀性使得西风带近惯性能通量呈现纬向变化,即海盆西部强于海盆东部。风场时间分辨率对近惯性能通量的估计至关重要,低时间分辨率风场对近惯性能通量的低估达到13%—30%。阻尼平板模型中的经验衰减系数对近惯性能通量估计的影响不超过5%。中尺度涡旋涡度仅改变近惯性能通量的空间分布,而对全球近惯性能量输入功率的影响可以忽略。  相似文献   

遥感影像混合像元分解中的端元选择方法综述   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  

李素  李文正  周建军  庄大方 《地理与地理信息科学》2007,23(5):35-38,42

端元选择是进行遥感影像混合像元分解的首要步骤,也是最关键的步骤,其直接影响混合像元分解的精度。该文对遥感影像混合像元分解中端元产生的特定背景、当前存在的端元选择途径和端元选择方法进行综述,并通过对当前端元选择方法的分析,提出了选择或构造端元选择方法应遵循的几个原则。  相似文献   

Sharks caught in the KwaZulu-Natal bather protection programme,South Africa. 14. The smooth hammerhead shark Sphyrna zygaena (Linnaeus)     

ML Dicken  H Winker  MJ Smale  G Cliff 《African Journal of Marine Science》2018,40(2):157-174

The current study provides long-term catch-rate, biological and feeding data for smooth hammerhead sharks, Sphyrna zygaena, caught in South Africa’s KwaZulu-Natal bather protection programme. In total, 2 512 S. zygaena were caught in net installations between 1978 and 2014, and 72 S. zygaena were caught on drumlines between 2007 and 2014. There was no significant log-linear year trend in the net catch rate over time (slope = 0.0054, t = 1.808, p = 0.07). However, there was a significant temporal increase in mean size of the captured sharks (slope = 0.0012, t = 3.502, p < 0.001). A quasi-Poisson generalised additive mixed model showed that increasing latitude, winter months, colder sea temperatures and the deployment of drumlines all had a significant positive effect on the catch rate of sharks in nets. The size frequency of the catch was unimodal, with significantly more females caught in the nets and more males on the drumlines. The majority (93.1%) of all sharks caught were immature and measured between 80 and 120 cm precaudal length. Teleosts and cephalopods dominated the sharks’ diet in terms of all dietary indices. The prey species consumed indicate that immature S. zygaena are feeding primarily within the pelagic zone of shallow coastal habitats.  相似文献   

Upper Ocean Four-Dimensional Variational Data Assimilation in the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal     

Suneet Dwivedi  Atul Srivastava  Alok Kumar Mishra 《Marine Geodesy》2018,41(3):230-257

A regional ocean circulation model with four-dimensional variational data assimilation scheme is configured to study the ocean state of the Indian Ocean region (65°E–95°E; 5°N–20°N) covering the Arabian Sea (AS) and Bay of Bengal (BoB). The state estimation setup uses 10 km horizontal resolution and 5 m vertical resolution in the upper ocean. The in-situ temperature and salinity, satellite-derived observations of sea surface height, and blended (in-situ and satellite-derived) observations of sea surface temperature alongwith their associated uncertainties are used for data assimilation with the regionally configured ocean model. The ocean state estimation is carried out for 61 days (1 June to 31 July 2013). The assimilated fields are closer to observations compared to other global state estimates. The mixed layer depth (MLD) of the region shows deepening during the period of assimilation with AS showing higher MLD compared to the BoB. An empirical forecast equation is derived for the prediction of MLD using the air–sea forcing variables as predictors. The surface and sub-surface (50 m) heat and salt budget tendencies of the region are also investigated. It is found that at the sub-surface, only the advection and diffusion temperature and salt tendencies are important.  相似文献   

北斗混合星座分层约束下的精密定轨方法     

房亚男  朱俊  李杰  王冲  王家松  张少愚 《测绘学报》2021,50(4):466-474

针对北斗导航卫星系统首创的GEO+IGSO+MEO混合星座设计,本文研究了根据不同星座,采取不同约束条件和数据处理策略的北斗卫星精密定轨方法,提出了一种针对北斗系统混合星座的分层约束精密定轨方案.该方案首先将北斗卫星分为非GEO(IGSO/MEO)和GEO两部分进行解算,利用GPS解算的公共参数对北斗IGSO/MEO精...  相似文献   

南口虎峪中元古界大红峪组混积岩系的层序地层划分——海侵砂岩中的微生物席碎片简介   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

梅冥相  刘智荣  孟庆芬  高金汉 《地质科技情报》2007,26(1):33-40

北京西北郊南口虎峪一带的中元古界长城系大红峪组发育完整,以一套混积岩系为特征。在南口虎峪剖面中,海侵体系域砂岩地层与高水位体系域砂泥质白云岩和叠层石白云岩组成了较有规律的层序地层相序,可以作为混积岩系层序地层划分的典型代表。在大红峪组的海侵体系域砂岩中,交余波痕、微生物形成的砂质碎片和皱饰构造表明了席底的发育,特别是其中所发育的微生物砂质碎片不但代表了碎屑岩中的一种特殊的“内碎屑”,而且其特殊的形态和产出特点成为窥视前寒武纪砂岩中席底发育的一种典型标志,从而有益于今后对类似沉积构造的阐释与研究;高水位体系域砂泥质白云岩中的纹理化构造似乎也是一种席底构造,它与其中的叠层石生物丘一起代表了前寒武纪海底微生物孤军作战的特殊生境。对该剖面大红峪组的初步研究表明,在前寒武纪地层中,除了要关注叠层石之类的微生物沉积构造以外,碎屑岩中也存在微生物活动的若干证据印席底构造（第五类原生沉积构造）,由此说明正是由于微生物新陈代谢的多样性才使其成为地球上无所不在及其无与伦比的巨大生物量。  相似文献   

Modeling three‐dimensional hydraulic fracture propagation using virtual multidimensional internal bonds     

K. Huang  Z. Zhang  Ahmad Ghassemi 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2013,37(13):2021-2038

Propagation of fractures, especially those emanating from wellbores and closed natural fractures, often involves Mode I and Mode II, and at times Mode III, posing significant challenges to its numerical simulation. When an embedded inclined fracture is subjected to compression, the fracture edge is constrained by the surrounding materials so that its true propagation pattern cannot be simulated by 2D models. In this article, a virtual multidimensional internal bond (VMIB) model is presented to simulate three‐dimensional (3D) fracture propagation. The VMIB model bridges the processes of macro fracture and micro bond rupture. The macro 3D constitutive relation in VMIB is derived from the 1D bond in the micro scale and is implemented in a 3D finite element method. To represent the contact and friction between fracture surfaces, a 3D element partition method is employed. The model is applied to simulate fracture propagation and coalescence in typical laboratory experiments and is used to analyze the propagation of an embedded fracture. Simulation results for single and multiple fractures illustrate 3D features of the tensile and compressive fracture propagation, especially the propagation of a Mode III fracture. The results match well with the experimental observation, suggesting that the presented method can capture the main features of 3D fracture propagation and coalescence. Moreover, by developing an algorithm for applying pressure on the fracture surfaces, propagation of a natural fracture is also simulated. The result illustrates an interesting and important phenomenon of Mode III fracture propagation, namely the fracture front segmentation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

混合表面活性剂存在下镓与O—Cl—PF显色反应的研究     

杨定国 《岩矿测试》1990,9(3):187-189

本文研究了在pH 6.5-7.8的(CH_2)_6N_4-HCl缓冲介质中,CDMAA和TritonX-100对Ga与o-Cl-PF和F~-显色反应的增敏作用。结果表明,Ga-o-Cl-PF-F-CDMAA-TritonX-100多元配合物λ_(max)为565nm,表观摩尔吸光系数ε=1.74×10~5L·mol~(-1)·Cm~(-1),Ga含量在0～6.0μg/25ml范围内符合比尔定律,用合成样和标样进行本方法考验,结果满意。  相似文献   

Satellite-tracked drifting buoy observations in the south equatorial current in the Indian Ocean     

S R Shetye  G S Michael 《Journal of Earth System Science》1988,97(2):149-157

Three satellite-tracked drifting buoys released in the south equatorial current in the Indian Ocean followed the path of the current moving westward approximately zonally in the vicinity of 10 S latitude. On nearing the east coast of Africa two buoys moved north and the third moved south. Over the open sea regime the buoys moved with a speed of approximately 30 cm/s at an angle of about 35° to the left of the wind. The overall tendencies seen in the buoy drift are similar to those observed elsewhere in the world oceans.  相似文献