京津冀地区低层局地大气环流的气候特征研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

曾佩生  朱蓉  范广洲  李泽椿  王月冬 《气象》2019,45(3):381-394

本文采用2007-2016年的中尺度数值模拟结果和15个地面气象站观测资料,定义了局地风场表征风速,研究京津冀平原地区局地大气环流日变化的气候特征,并对区域大气污染及其输送的影响进行分析。此外,对2016年12月30日至2017年1月7日北京地区跨年大气重污染过程进行了个例分析。得到结论:京津冀平原地区低空风场变化是天气系统与局地大气环流共同作用的结果,山谷风环流致使太行山和燕山沿线平原地区大气边界层内的长年主导风向为偏北和偏南;太行山和燕山沿线地区山谷风环流本身呈顺时针旋转的日变化特征,夜间至早晨谷风转向山风,午后至夜间山风转向谷风;在午后谷风向山风转向期间,容易形成沿太行山东麓和燕山南麓、自南向东北的"弓形"气流输送通道,此气流输送通道在1月于21时左右形成,持续时间大约3 h,在7月于18时左右形成,持续时间可达9 h;冬季午后至晚间盛行谷风时,受山体的阻挡,污染物容易在山前累积,导致污染浓度增高;夏季同样的情况会发生在后半夜。  相似文献   

智能网格预报产品在大兴安岭暴雪天气中的释用分析     

王付华  李博  王梅  陆忠涛 《黑龙江气象》2019,36(2):1-3

本文利用MICAPS4.1平台上的高空、地面、智能网格预报、集合预报等数值预报产品,对2018年10月26-28日发生在黑龙江省大兴安岭地区的一次区域性暴雪天气过程形成机制进行探讨。结果表明:高空槽后强冷空气与槽前西南暖湿气流在大兴安岭上空交汇,导致暖锋锋生,地面暖锋与低空暖式切变相互作用形成暴雪天气。暴雪的主要触发系统就是超极地冷空气促使高空槽强烈发展切涡,≥20m·s^-1的西南低空急流作为水汽输送带,为暴雪区提供了充足的水汽来源;垂直上升运动中心和散度辐合辐散中心耦合且加强,为暴雪提供了强有力的动力抬升条件,有利于上升运动的增强发展。智能网格预报产品对这次大兴安岭暴雪天气的落区、降水量级以及强降雪的时段,都预报的比较准确。  相似文献   

天山北坡2次暴雪过程机理分析     

庄晓翠  李健丽  李博渊  李如琦 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2019,13(1):29-38

利用FNL及常规资料,对比分析了2010年2月22—24日(过程Ⅰ)和2015年12月10—13日(过程Ⅱ)天山北坡2次暴雪过程。结果表明,暴雪区上空θse锋区陡立和条件性对称不稳定及次级环流是形成暴雪的主要机制。不同点是:过程Ⅰ暴雪产生在西西伯利亚低涡底部强锋区上,南北支短波槽汇合的区域,冷高压为西北路径;过程Ⅱ是乌拉尔山大槽东移北收,冷高压为偏西路径;2次过程在温压的时间演变上有显著的区别。在高低空配置上也有明显的区别:过程Ⅰ 500 hPa以下为暖平流,以上为冷平流,低层为暖湿结构;过程Ⅱ 700 hPa以下为冷平流,700—600 hPa为暖平流,低层有湿冷空气锲入。过程Ⅰ暴雪区位于θse锋区上,锋区低层强,中高层弱;过程Ⅱ暴雪区位于θse锋区中后部,锋区低层弱,中高层强。水汽输送和输入量及比湿过程Ⅰ大于过程Ⅱ。  相似文献   

Sensitivity of streamflow from a Himalayan catchment to plausible changes in land cover and climate     

Xing Ma  Jianchu Xu  Meine van Noordwijk 《水文研究》2010,24(11):1379-1390

Global climate change will likely increase temperature and variation in precipitation in the Himalayas, modifying both supply of and demand for water. This study assesses combined impacts of land‐cover and climate changes on hydrological processes and a rainfall‐to‐streamflow buffer indicator of watershed function using the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) in Kejie watershed in the eastern Himalayas. The Hadley Centre Coupled Model Version 3 (HadCM3) was used for two Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) emission scenarios (A2 and B2), for 2010–2099. Four land‐cover change scenarios increase forest, grassland, crops, or urban land use, respectively, reducing degraded land. The SWAT model predicted that downstream water resources will decrease in the short term but increase in the long term. Afforestation and expansion in cropland will probably increase actual evapotranspiration (ET) and reduce annual streamflow but will also, through increased infiltration, reduce the overland flow component of streamflow and increase groundwater release. An expansion in grassland will decrease actual ET, increase annual streamflow and groundwater release, while decreasing overland flow. Urbanization will result in increases in streamflow and overland flow and reductions in groundwater release and actual ET. Land‐cover change dominated over effects on streamflow of climate change in the short and middle terms. The predicted changes in buffer indicator for land‐use plus climate‐change scenarios reach up to 50% of the current (and future) range of inter‐annual variability. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Theoretical analyses of acidization dissolution front instability in fluid‐saturated carbonate rocks     

Chongbin Zhao  B. E. Hobbs  A. Ord 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2013,37(13):2084-2105

This paper presents an instability theory that can be used to understand the fundamental behavior of an acidization dissolution front when it propagates in fluid‐saturated carbonate rocks. The proposed theory includes two fundamental concepts, namely the intrinsic time and length of an acidization dissolution system, and a theoretical criterion that involves the comparison of the Zhao number and its critical value of the acidization dissolution system. The intrinsic time is used to determine the time scale at which the acidization dissolution front is formed, while the intrinsic length is used to determine the length scale at which the instability of the acidization dissolution front can be initiated. Under the assumption that the acidization dissolution reaction is a fast process, the critical Zhao number, which is used to assess the instability likelihood of an acidization dissolution front propagating in fluid‐saturated carbonate rocks, has been derived in a strictly mathematical manner. Based on the proposed instability theory of a propagating acidization dissolution front, it has been theoretically recognized that: (i) the increase of the mineral dissolution ratio can stabilize the acidization dissolution front in fluid‐saturated carbonate rocks; (ii) the increase of the final porosity of the carbonate rock can destabilize the acidization dissolution front, while the increase of the initial porosity can stabilize the acidization dissolution front in fluid‐saturated carbonate rocks; (iii) the increase of the mineral dissolution ratio can cause an increase in the dimensionless propagation speed of the acidization dissolution front; (iv) the increase of the initial porosity can enable the acidization dissolution front to propagate faster, while the increase of the final porosity can enable the acidization dissolution front to propagate slower in the acidization dissolution system. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Slump debris flows in the Akovolwo Mountains area of Benue State,Nigeria     

C. S. Nwajide  C. O. Okagbue  A. C. Umeji 《Natural Hazards》1988,1(2):145-154

In September 1979, rain-induced complex landslides occurred in two separate localities along the slopes of the Akovolwo Mountains near Jato-Aka in the Kwande Local Government area of Benue State, Nigeria.The two movements developed on bedrock slopes covered by a veneer of colluvium and (or) residuum no more than 1.5 to 2m deep. Each started as a slump and graduated into a debris flow. The slump, extending downhill a short distance away from the head scarp, had been reconstituted into a debris flow as the initial movement (sliding movement) of the soil mass caused remoulding of the saturated moving mass into viscous debris-laden mud. The resulting mass moved partly along a pre-existing mountain stream channel and partly along a fresh channel it cleared in the savanna forest. At the break of slope, the mass of boulders was dumped and a trail of smaller fragments littered the channels towards the Katsina-Ala River.  相似文献   

季冻区桥梁基桩抗冻拔验算几个问题的探讨     

盛洪飞 《冰川冻土》1989,11(1):44-52

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大别山北麓佛子岭群的特征及其形成的大地构造环境   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

徐贵忠  郝杰 《地质科学》1988,(2):97-109

佛子岭群主要由一套绿片岩相的变质岩组成,分布在安徽境内的大别山北麓。其上部为一套变质的复理石建造,下部为变质的火山-沉积岩建造。佛子岭群的变质火山岩的岩石化学特征及佛子岭群的岩石组合特征表明,佛子岭群是发育在一断陷盆地中,该断陷盆地可能在晚元古代早期开始拉张,在晚元古代末期闭合。在此期间,郯-庐断裂带在华北断块和大别山古老断块之间的拉张与闭合过程中可能起着类似于转换断层的作用。  相似文献   

梅雨锋次天气尺度涡旋旋转风和辐散风动能收支   总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2  

汪钟兴  刘勇 《高原气象》1994,13(1):28-34

本文选取１９９１年７月５日２０：００－６日２０：００梅雨锋上移动性次天气尺度涡旋引起的长江中下游特大暴雨为实例。采用准拉格朗日球坐标系的旋转风和辐散风动能方程，计算得到次天气尺度涡旋发展和成熟两个阶段对流层各层旋转风动能和辐散风动能的收支特征为：在对流层高层（１００－４００ｈＰａ）两个阶段的旋转风动能源汇相同，辐散风动能源汇有异，即水平动能通量项和“摩擦”项符号相反；在中层（４００－７００ｈＰａ）  相似文献   

大陆碰撞构造剖析   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

赵宗溥 《地质科学》1994,(2):120

 首先对青藏高原分布的蛇绿岩带的地质特征进行剖析,认为这些蛇绿岩是陆内裂谷环境产出的初始洋壳而不是大陆缝合线。然后对喜马拉雅山系的构造特征及其造山体制加以讨论,认为以喜马拉雅山系作为碰撞造山的样板并无地质事实的根据,而是一种想当然的臆说,后来也得不到参验。结论:碰撞造山带在大陆是不存在的,是看不到的。  相似文献