Soil–geomorphology interactions and paleoclimatic implications of an ornithogenic soil toposequence on Rata Island,Fernando de Noronha Archipelago,South Atlantic     

《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2014

The formation of highly phosphatized soils on sites of avian activity is a common feature of oceanic islands. We characterized a toposequence of phosphatic soils on Rata Island, to evaluate the soil genesis based on local topographic variations. For this purpose, four soils ranging from the upper hill down to the lowest landscape position on the island, representing a range of parent materials (basalt and calcareous sands), were analyzed. In the lowest landscape position a shallow Regosol was identified, strongly influenced by birds and marine sprays, developed on “karstified” Pleistocene calcarenites; the three other soils in the upper part of the toposequence are Ornithogenic Cambisols, ranging from a deep Cambisol profile on Basalt lava to intermediate Cambisols on mixed colluvial sediments of the basalt/calcareous. The lowermost Regosol is associated with a rugged landscape with strong calcarenite dissolution and karstification. The soil phosphatization is clearly an inherited process of the Late Quaternary age, when climate conditions were different. Initial weathering took place in the last interglacial period, under wetter conditions during which the Tertiary basalts were strongly weathered, leaving corestones in a saprolitic, oxidized mass. In the late Pleistocene, a gentle surface distributed these weathering products along the pediment slopes as colluvial materials, whereas in the coastal areas aeolian processes formed large sand dunes composed of reworked calcareous sands from marine sources during a time of very low sea level. During this time, widespread bird activity accounted for secondary apatite formation on the surface of calcareous oolites. Finally, the Holocene warming was accompanied by increasing sea level, enhanced tropical weathering, Fe and Al mobility and variscite formation superimposed on degraded Ca-phosphates, forming two phase phosphatic aggregates.  相似文献   

生态保护红线区生态系统服务多维驱动力的定量分离     

左丽媛  姜远  高江波  杜馥君  张怡博 《地理学报》2022,77(9):2174-2188

生态系统服务的时空变化受环境因子和服务间权衡/协同两个维度的驱动。在保障区域与国家生态安全、经济与社会可持续发展的生态保护红线区,厘清生态系统服务的驱动机制对该区生态系统的管理优化尤为重要。本文以北京生态保护红线区为例,考虑土壤保持、产水量和植被固碳3项生态系统服务,运用地理探测器判断并识别生态系统服务间关系的影响变量,进而基于偏相关方法定量分离并比较服务间净关系与环境变量两个维度对生态系统服务的影响。结果表明：对任一生态系统服务而言,环境变量和服务间关系对其空间异质性有不同程度的影响,且两种变量之间的交互作用均会增强单一变量对该生态系统服务空间分异的决定力。各服务形成过程的差异性使得影响服务间关系的重要环境因子存在区别,但土地利用强度均是3对服务空间关系的极重要因子,表明北京生态保护红线区土地利用的合理规划对该区生态系统服务的协同优化至关重要。剔除极重要因子后比较服务间净关系与环境变量对生态系统服务的影响,结果发现：环境变量（坡度和降水）对土壤保持时空变化的驱动力更强;降水和植被固碳服务两个维度对产水量的影响相近;植被固碳的时空变化与其他两项服务密切相关,环境变量的影响相对较小。  相似文献   

Experimental Set-up for Determining Soil Water Retention Curves for Granular Soils During Drying     

LI Qingtian  Jamie STANDING 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(6):1875-1883

Abstract: Soil water retention curves (SWRCs) provide an important means of describing the response of unsaturated soils during drying / wetting processes in terms of variations of degree of saturation, water content or void ratio with suction. A key consideration in generating these curves is how to measure the suction. Frequently the filter paper technique is adopted, especially when high suctions are developed, e.g. with plastic clays. As each measurement takes at least a week with this technique, it can take months or years to generate a full SWRC in drying and wetting. Developments in laboratory tensiometers now allow matrix suctions up to about 1.5 MPa to be measured. With such a device it is possible to develop SWRCs for granular soils such as silts and clays in hours or days by continuous measurement. This paper describes an experimental set-up that was developed to measure changes in volume, water content and matrix suction during drying of three granular soils. Limitations of the apparatus and usefulness of the curves are discussed.  相似文献   

改良用高液限红粘土作回填土填料性质的方法研究     

杨建华  唐锡彬  王强 《地下水》2014,(3):153-155

高液限（ω＞80％）红粘土作为一种特殊的不良地基土体,具有软土、土洞、地面塌陷和胀缩性破坏等不良工程特性,其难排水、难固结的特性原则上是导致其不能作为回填地基材料的主要原因。研究提出在一定的最优含水量范围内,按一定比例掺和碎石并提高压实功等级的改良处理措施,可增大红粘土的最大干密度,提高其压实度,对改良用高液限红粘土作为回填材料增加了可能性。  相似文献   

川东北红层区地下水赋存特征及影响因素——以达万铁路沿线车站供水工程为例     

毛茂兵 《四川地质学报》2014,34(3):437-438

结合2009年、2010年度达万铁路沿线车站供水工程红层找水打井工作为例,在研究区域内地形地貌、地质及水文地质条件的基础上,对川东北红层区地下水的主要赋存特征和影响因素进行了研究和归纳总结,对该区域内红层找水打井具有一定的指示意义。  相似文献   

素混凝土桩在委内瑞拉混合土地层中的应用     

吴学林  唐国艺  戴彦雄 《岩土工程技术》2014,(1):1-4

委内瑞拉首都加拉加斯四面环山的地形地貌,为混合土的形成提供了物质来源.位于委内瑞拉的某场地,地层以混合土为主且成分复杂,由砂类混合土、碎石类混合土、粉土和粉质粘土构成,标准贯入试验锤击数较离散,土层分布均匀性差且承载力不能满足设计要求.在场地进行了天然地基静载试验和素混凝土桩复合地基静载试验,试验表明,经素混凝土桩复合地基加固处理后,地基承载力有较大幅度地提高,同时得出了适宜的复合地基施工工艺,使得素混凝土桩在该类混合土地层中得到成功应用.  相似文献   

Red Clay Type Gold Deposits in China     

SUN Xiang  DENG Jun  WANG Qingfei  GONG Qingjie  YANG Liqiang  WANG Changming 《《地质学报》英文版》2010,84(6):1415-1427

<正>Red clay type gold deposits,located in the south of China,are situated not only in orogenic belts,but also in inner cratons,where climate is tropical-subtropical with clear arid and humid.The lateritic weathering crust often can be divided into five zones,including topsoil,siliceous duricrust zone,multi-color zone(or red clay zone in some deposits),pallid zone and saprolite zone from surface to the base rock,several of which are absent in some deposits.The base rocks are composed mainly of carbonate rocks with minor clastic rocks,intermediate-basic volcanic rocks and intermediate-acid and alkalic intrusions.The orebodies are mainly located in the multi-color zone with part of them in the pallid and saprolite zones.The ore sources include orebodies of Carlin-type gold deposits and porphyry gold deposits,as well as gold-rich base rocks.The red clay type gold deposits experienced early-stage endogenic gold mineralization and laterization during the Tertiary and Quaternary.The areas with endogenic gold deposits,especially Carlin-type gold deposits and porphyry gold deposits in karst depressions on the plateau,structual erosional platforms in the middle-lower mountains,and intermountain basins in southern China are well worth studying to trace red clay type gold deposits.  相似文献   

泉州湾软土分布特征及工程特性     

任君梅 《福建地质》2010,29(2):146-152

泉州湾软土分布受物源、地形(地貌)和水动力环境影响,自湾内向湾外厚度逐渐减小,由河道及航道向海岸厚度逐渐增厚,具有高含水量、高孔隙度、高压缩性、高灵敏度和渗透性弱、抗剪强度低等工程特性,在工程建设中一般采用挤淤换填法、预压法和水泥土搅拌法进行加固处理。  相似文献   

前期土壤含水量对红壤坡面产流产沙特性的影响   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10       下载免费PDF全文

张向炎  史学正  于东升  王洪杰  刘振波  张文太 《水科学进展》2010,21(1):23-29

利用田间人工模拟降雨试验,研究了前期土壤含水量对两种红壤坡面降雨入渗、产流和产沙特性的影响.结果表明:前期含水量越高,两种土壤都是产流越快,达到稳定径流和入渗的时间越短.低含水量区(干态和稍干),两种土壤的径流系数和入渗率都与降雨时间呈线性关系,并在60 min内达不到稳定.高含水量区(稍湿和湿态),两种土壤的径流系数、入渗率及产沙速率与降雨时间关系都符合Boltzmann(玻耳兹曼)方程;第四纪红粘土发育的红壤稍干态和红砂岩发育的红壤干态下的产沙速率在整个降雨过程中变化不明显,并都维持在较低水平;第四纪红粘土发育的红壤干态和红砂岩发育的红壤稍干态下的产沙速率随着模拟降雨的进行而大致以线性关系增大.土壤前期含水量越高,两种土壤坡地累tk积入渗量都越小,雨水转化为土壤水分的比率亦越小.  相似文献   

华南沿海第四纪类网纹红土的赋存层位及其年代问题   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱照宇  吴翼  邱世藩  杨超  黄宁生  杨恬  曾敬  张金兰 《地球科学进展》2010,25(4):391-399

根据地质学、地貌学、沉积学、地球化学和年代学的研究,将华南沿海(南岭以南)不同时代的杂色粘土(暂称"类网纹红土")划分为基岩风化壳型和松散沉积风化壳型两种类型;将第四纪松散沉积系列中的杂色粘土划分为第四纪早期(年代为1.8～1.6 Ma BP)、中期(年代为1.0～0.8Ma BP)和晚期(年代为0.07～0.01 Ma BP)3个发育期;主要讨论了发育好、厚度大、分布广的第四纪中期杂色粘土与长江流域和西南丘陵区典型网纹红土之间在赋存层位、剖面结构和发育年代等方面的差别和存在问题,提出了需进一步研究杂色粘土-网纹红土的年代和发育规律及其反映的中国南方地质-气候环境演化规律等重要科学问题.  相似文献