奥陶系灰岩地层放空段堵漏技术          下载免费PDF全文

王伟志  刘金华  李大奇  王西江  汪露 《探矿工程》2018,45(1):48-51,55

奥陶系灰岩放空段漏失封堵一直是堵漏中的难题,针对漏失通道尺寸大、堵漏浆难以滞留的问题,利用带正电强滞留、强度高、微膨胀的化学固结堵漏浆可对此类漏失进行有效封堵。化学固结材料成分中含有正电荷,可与漏失通道壁面上的负电荷产生电性吸附,提高滞留能力;化学固结浆固化后形成的固结物强度48 h可达17 MPa以上,具有较高的强度;固结物具有微膨胀功能,膨胀能力可达3.33%,可完全填充并封堵漏失通道;稠化时间可根据井下施工情况进行调整,满足安全施工的要求。化学固结堵漏技术在托普187井奥陶系灰岩放空漏失层进行了应用,通过3次封堵,漏失速度由失返降至0.1～0.2 m3/min,满足了继续强钻的要求。化学固结堵漏技术是一种可有效封堵放空段漏失层的堵漏技术。  相似文献   

湖南兜率岩溶洞特征及形成发育过程     

邓新平  袁瑞强  皮建高 《中国岩溶》2018,37(3):462-467

为阐明兜率岩溶洞的形成原因和发育过程,调查了兜率岩溶洞及其周边区域地层岩性和地质构造,测量了溶洞形态及溶蚀堆积物特征;用 14C法或U系法对洞内典型堆积物样品进行测年,估算出岩溶堆积物的生长速度,研究结果表明:兜率岩溶洞是完整的独立溶腔碳酸盐岩洞穴;溶洞内石笋发育强烈,石笋的生长速度略快于石钟乳的生长速度,石笋高度为2～26 m,直径在0.5～5 m,生长速度为0.24～0.50 mm·a-1;石钟乳长度为3～20 m,生长速度为0.20～0.40 ·a-1;洞内最高石柱高达37 m,最高的二次沉积物可达12 m,直径为0.6 m。兜率岩溶洞的形成是岩石、水流与构造运动共同作用的结果,区域构造产生的断层和裂隙使区内碳酸盐岩石破碎并遭受地下水的溶蚀和侵蚀,在区域缓慢抬升活动过程中形成了兜率岩溶洞;溶洞的发育经历了三个阶段:距今200～78万年的初始形成阶段,距今78～14万年的发展壮大阶段和距今14万年前至今的稳定沉积阶段。溶洞内大多数的溶蚀堆积物产生于14万年以来,少量的新生溶蚀堆积物基本形成于700年以前。在距今1万年左右开始形成二次沉积物。目前,兜率岩溶洞进入稳定沉积晚期。   相似文献   

Progresses and Prospects of the Research on Soil Erosion in Karst Area of Southwest China*   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Qianhong Ma  Keli Zhang 《地球科学进展》2018,33(11):1130-1141

The karst area of Southwest China is suffering from serious ecological and environmental problems due to soil erosion while the research on soil erosion is not sufficient. Primary achievement was systematically reviewed in this paper in three aspects: erosion characteristics, current researches about erosion on different spatial scales, and key scientific problems. Based on the review, the authors figured out the shortcomings of the existing studies and pointed out the directions on erosion study in southwest China karst region. The results showed that: ① Due to the existence of a dual structure in karst environment including ground and underground erosion, the process of runoff and sediment production on slope scale and confluence and sediment transportation processes on catchment scale were more complex under the unique geological and hydrological backgrounds; ② At present, most researches about erosion mechanism in karst area focus on slope scale and some achievements on quantitative evaluation of erosion factors have been made. Continuous data with high quality about relationship between water and sediment on catchment scale is limited. When data is scarce, river sediment data can be used as an effective way to study soil erosion intensity and spatial-temporal variation in karst area; ③ It is more reasonable to use 50 t/(km²·a) as the grading standard of soil loss tolerance than the previous grading standard of soil erosion intensity. Given the complex relationship between rocky desertification and soil erosion, more quantitative studies about the effects of rocky desertification on soil erosion are still necessary. There are different viewpoints on soil leakage definitions, leakage mechanism and leakage ratios, and new breakthroughs could be achieved by combining different methods and matching multi-scales. In conclusion, in order to further reveal soil erosion laws and establish and revise available regional soil erosion forecasting models for Southwest China karst areas, synchronous test and monitoring on slope, watershed, and channel spatial scales are urgently needed. The results can provide theoretical and technical support for promoting soil and water conservation work for the karst area of Southwest China.  相似文献   

大连金远洞更新世洞穴红色堆积物粒度特征及沉积环境分析     

杨丛宁  张戈  刘思昭  刘晓  王恒伟 《地质与资源》2018,27(6):508-513

采用LS13320型的激光衍射粒度分析仪对金远洞洞穴堆积物进行粒度分析,所测得的数据用Grapher软件绘制堆积物粒度频率曲线,计算粒度参数,以此来研究金远洞更新世洞穴红色堆积物的粒度特征并推断沉积环境.金远洞洞穴堆积物粒度组成中,粉砂含量最高,为优势粒组,平均值为50.14%,其中细粉砂含量高于粗粉砂含量;黏粒含量次之,砂含量最少.样品粒度频率呈多峰态.通过粒度参数计算,推测洞穴红色堆积物的沉积环境以风力沉积为主,后经流水搬运,但堆积物的组成未发生明显变化,反映了搬运的水动力较弱.物质来源主要受气候的影响,环境干冷时以近源沉积为主,环境温暖湿润时以远源沉积为主.  相似文献   

Compiling distribution of karst in Southern China and Southeast Asia          下载免费PDF全文

YANG Xiang-peng  ZHANG Fa-wang  XU Qi  CHEN Zhen  BI Xue-li  SHI Jian  ZHOU Li-xin  YANG Chen 《地下水科学与工程》2015,3(3):280-284

As China and Southeast Asian countries have accelerated and globalized their economic development, karst environmental problems have become increasingly prominent and studying on and compiling maps of karst geology is quite important. Therefore, based on a wide collection of data in Southeast Asian countries, a cooperative map compilation has been carried out internationally. Through comprehensive research and analysis, a unified understanding has been achieved in terms of compiling principles, contents and representing methods, Distribution of Karst in Southern China and Southeast Asia (1/5 000 000) has been compiled, which provides foundations for environmental protection and scientific studies of karst geology.  相似文献   

鲁中南典型岩溶区岩溶水水化学特征及成因分析——以双村岩溶水系统为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵庆令  李清彩  卜华  万淼 《水文》2015,35(2):70-76

通过对2013年9月在双村岩溶水区域采集测试的18组岩溶水化学资料进行分析,探讨了该区地下水的水化学特征,并利用R型因子分析法对影响该区岩溶水化学组分的3个主要因素进行了研究,分析结果表明:弱碱性地球化学背景下地下水对包气带的离子类质同象替代作用影响着岩溶水中Mg2+、K+、F-,人为污染因素控制着Cl-、Na+、NO3-、SO42-,岩溶水中的HCO3-、Ca2+、p H值受岩溶碳汇因素所影响。以上3种因子可以解释双村岩溶区岩溶水水化学特征87.103%的成因。  相似文献   

贵州平寨水库左岸底层灌浆廊道大型充填溶洞及其形成机制   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘子金  袁代江  武兴亮  张磊 《工程地质学报》2015,23(3):554-563

平寨水库坝址区以碳酸盐岩为主,岩溶较发育,水库左岸底层灌浆廊道大型充填溶洞,是水库地下工程施工开挖中揭露的规模最大、对水库渗漏影响最大、设计及施工处理难度最大的溶洞。本文以工程前期地质勘察工作为基础,在区域地貌、地质构造格局、地层岩性、地表及地下水系发育特征研究的基础上,结合工程防渗施工揭露的岩溶水文地质现象、洞穴充填物研究等,从可溶性岩层、地下水来源及运移途径、暗河冲刷与洞顶坍塌作用4个方面,对溶洞发育形成机制进行了研究。分析认为,鸡场背斜北西翼纵向张裂隙和横张裂隙及层间滑脱、断裂破碎带,为五里大洞鸡场洼地上坝洼地地下水向三岔河的径流提供了运移的原始空间与通道,形成溶洞的地下水为五里大洞鸡场洼地上坝洼地地下暗河,长期溶蚀作用使裂隙通道变为溶蚀宽缝并最终转化为岩溶管道,岩溶水沿此通道在左岸底层灌浆廊道桩号0+238～0+296m附近下中部岩体呈虹吸状循环,地下水的强烈冲刷与洞顶坍塌在溶洞形成过程中的作用巨大,后因深部径流条件改变,岩溶管道被逐渐堵塞,形成如今的大型充填溶洞。  相似文献   

TCM-3型硐体测温仪的设计及误差分析     

杨江  吕宠吾 《大地测量与地球动力学》2007,27(Z1):111-115

TCM-3型测温仪采用Pt100铂电阻作为温度传感元件,结合铂电阻稳定性和重复性好、线性度高的特点及实际应用环境的限制,通过后续电路的设计使TCM-3型测温仪达到了要求的测量精度,并从理论上进行误差分析,检验了其测量精度的可靠性.  相似文献   

泰安市泰山区岩溶塌陷成因分析及防治措施   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

张广安  鲁峰  渠涛  贾东亮  彭云 《山东国土资源》2007,23(10):31-33

泰安市泰山区为岩溶塌陷易发区。通过对该区岩溶塌陷现状和成因的分析研究,认为岩溶洞隙的开口程度是影响岩溶塌陷形成的重要因素;松散盖层是岩溶塌陷形成的物质基础,而厚度、岩性结构则对其稳定性起着明显的控制作用;地下水动力条件的改变是岩溶塌陷形成的诱发因素。加强地下水合理规划开采,建立完善的监测网络可以有效减少塌陷所造成的危害。  相似文献   

Metal retention in a thin karstic soil, Christian County, Missouri     

L. Shepard  M. Gutiérrez 《Environmental Geology》1999,37(1-2):107-111

 The response of a Wilderness cherty loam series soil to repeated dosages of metals (as sewage sludge) using a two-step sequential extraction procedure was investigated. Variations in metal content between amended and control soils were related to organic matter, clay content, and clay mineralogy. Of the four metals investigated, Cu was found to accumulate in the top 20 cm of amended soils; Pb and Zn were present in even smaller amounts with respect to the control soils, and Cr concentrations were unaffected with respect to both depth and amendment. None of the metals indicated accumulation in deeper (>20 cm) parts of the soil profile. Overall, results suggest that the metals remobilize in the top 20 cm, being readily uptaken by the fescue grass growing in this lot. Precipitation of insoluble forms of metal into deeper parts of the soil profile was proven unlikely based on the distribution of metal concentrations throughout the profile. Received: 15 December 1997 · Accepted: 23 March 1998  相似文献