全球氦气勘探开发进展与利用现状          下载免费PDF全文

贾凌霄  马冰  王欢  于洋  徐佳佳  陈静  邢佳韵 《中国地质》2022,49(5):1427-1437

【研究目的】 由于氦气具有独特的物理特性,在科学研究、医学和高科技行业的用途越来越广泛。寻找更多的氦气资源,满足市场需求,是地质行业的责任。【研究方法】 按照统计分析原则,对全球氦气勘探成果与供需形势进行梳理、总结。【研究结果】 全球氦气资源分布极不均匀,主要氦气供应国为美国、卡塔尔、俄罗斯等。近期,许多公司开始在北美地区、俄罗斯、卡塔尔、坦桑尼亚等地开展氦气的勘探开发,其中北美部分地区的氦气资源位于富含氮气的储层中,具有广阔的开发前景,全球氦气勘探活动掀起新一轮热潮。【结论】 2021年全球氦市场出现供应缺口,当今全球氦气需求的增长开始转向亚洲和中东。建议高度重视氦气不可再生性和不可替代性,开展氦气资源潜力评价工程,勘查国内非烃类氦气矿床前景,加强国际合作,开展国内氦气储备地下空间评价与选址工作,增强中国的氦气储备能力。  相似文献   

液氮溶浸对不同煤阶含水煤样渗流特性的影响     

张磊  田苗苗  曾世攀  郭鲁成  卢硕  唐俊 《岩土力学》2022,43(11):3015-3026

中国包含多种煤阶煤层,由于煤质、地质条件等差异,不同煤层中的水分赋存情况也具有较大差异性。煤阶、饱水度作为影响液氮低温致裂效果的两个重要因素,有必要对其进行深入研究。为此,分别选择褐煤、烟煤与无烟煤3种煤阶煤样,并制备得出饱水度分别为0%、33%与99%的煤样进行液氮溶浸处理,使用摄像机定点拍摄、观察煤样表面宏观裂隙处理前后的演化规律,并对煤样进行氮气渗流试验。试验结果表明：液氮溶浸后褐煤因产生的一条与多条贯穿裂隙发生整体结构上的断裂,烟煤表面有新裂隙产生,原生宏观裂隙有一定的扩展与延伸,无烟煤表面宏观裂隙无明显发育;煤样饱水度越高,液氮的致裂增透效果越显著;液氮溶浸对3种煤阶煤样的致裂增透效果关系为：褐煤>烟煤>无烟煤,在完全干燥状态下,由于热应力不足以破坏颗粒间链接,烟煤与无烟煤的增透效果近似相等;对于褐煤,液氮溶浸处理对完全干燥状态下的煤体即产生有效致裂,渗透率平均增幅高达559.35%,对于烟煤,在饱水度为33%和99%的状态下,液氮溶浸对煤体具有明显致裂效果,渗透率平均增幅分别为330.60%和448.77%,对于无烟煤,在饱水度为99%的状态下液氮溶浸处理才能对煤体产生有效致裂,渗透率平均增幅为185.53%。  相似文献   

大兴安岭多年冻土泥炭地无机氮动态对秋季冻融的响应北大核心CSCD     

焦亚青  宋立全  臧淑英  孙超峰  鲁博权 《冰川冻土》2022,44(2):387-401

大兴安岭多年冻土泥炭地是对全球变暖响应敏感的地区之一。在全球变暖、多年冻土退化背景下,为了探明秋季冻融对多年冻土泥炭地无机氮时空变化的影响,本研究于2019年9—11月以大兴安岭三种多年冻土泥炭地为研究对象进行野外原位实验,分析了秋季冻融前、中和后期多年冻土泥炭地浅层和深层土壤无机氮的时空变化特征以及浅层和深层土壤含水量和温度的变化规律,建立了土壤无机氮含量与土壤温度和含水量间的多元线性回归模型。研究表明:多年冻土小叶章泥炭地(XY)、兴安落叶松-泥炭藓泥炭地(XA)和白毛羊胡子苔草泥炭地(BM)的土壤铵态氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)含量变化范围:(1.00±0.00)~(20.60±0.20)mg·kg^(-1),硝态氮(NO_(3)^(-)-N)含量的变化范围:(0.02±0.01)~(14.64±1.11)mg·kg^(-1),且无机氮以土壤NH_(4)^(+)-N为主;秋季冻融后期无机氮含量明显高于前期。尽管水热交互作用对该时期无机氮没有显著影响,但是在不同冻融阶段,无机氮对环境因子的响应程度存在差异:在秋季冻融前、中和后期浅层无机氮动态分别与浅层温度和含水量的变化相关,但在整个秋季冻融期间BM浅层无机氮含量仅对10~20 cm含水量存在响应(R^(2)=0.344,P<0.01)。研究表明,秋季冻融期内,多年冻土泥炭地无机氮发生初步累积,且浅层环境因子对无机氮响应程度最大。本研究可补充大兴安岭多年冻土泥炭地秋季冻融对土壤无机氮影响研究的相关数据,并为多年冻土泥炭地响应全球变暖的温室气体释放的研究提供基础数据支撑。  相似文献   

页岩孔隙度测量实验方法分析与评价   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

杨巍  薛莲花  唐俊  吕成福  徐勇  杨爽  陈国俊 《沉积学报》2015,33(6):1258-1264

页岩气是目前国内外非常规油气领域研究的热点,有效的页岩孔隙度值是评价页岩储层物性的重要参数。由于页岩本身具有易碎的特点,导致钻取柱体样品难度大,很多学者采用碎样法计算孔隙度,但碎样法与柱体法的差别及测定结果的有效性并未见相关研究成果。本文对相同样品通过三种不同方法:氦气膨胀法测孔隙度(柱体),真、视密度法及低温氮气吸附实验法(样品粉碎至40~60目)分别计算孔隙度。结果发现三种方法测定的三组孔隙度数值不同,每种方法在样品制备上及实验方法的差别是影响实验结果的主要因素,为检验三组孔隙度值的有效性,采用数理统计中的单因素方差分析法进行分析,结果表明页岩柱体与粉碎至40~60目范围内的页岩样品测量的孔隙度值虽有差别,但在有效范围内,具有一致性。但是将页岩粉碎后,页岩中的有效孔隙变化程度较大,故用柱体测定的有效孔隙度法优于其他两种碎样方法。  相似文献   

城市化进程对氮循环格局及动态的影响研究进展   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

高群  余成 《地理科学进展》2015,34(6)

氮循环是全球生物地球化学循环的重要组成部分,随着城市化进程的不断加快,高强度的人类活动和城市景观格局的改变不仅影响了氮的循环过程,而且加重了氮污染的程度,对城市生态环境造成了严重的影响。城市尺度的氮循环研究不仅是全球关注的氮研究热点,而且也是城市生态学和城市地理学研究的前沿。本文基于城市生态系统的氮循环特征,综述了城市化进程对城市氮污染物来源、沉降、输移和累积影响研究的国内外大量研究成果,介绍了卫星遥感、稳定同位素、物质流模型等分析方法在城市氮循环研究中的应用,针对未来几十年活性氮增加可能带来的不利影响,提出对活性氮的减缓策略,以有效抑制活性氮对环境的影响。未来城市氮循环研究需要开展长期系统监测、深化城市氮循环机理研究、创新研究范式和研究方法,并将研究成果与城市规划和城市发展研究相结合,提升城市氮管理能力。  相似文献   

水样中氮磷营养盐的短期保存技术研究     

徐善良  沈勤  严小军  骆其君 《海洋科学》2008,32(12):52-59

用8种保存方法对淡水和海水水样中四个氮磷营养盐（NH3-N、NO3—N、NO3-N、PO4—P）参数及总氮的稳定性进行了7d保存效果的比较研究。结果表明，淡水与海水氮磷营养盐的最佳保存方法与效果各不相同，但淡水和海水的总氮值在各种方法保存下均十分恒定。综合考虑有效性及可操作性后提出了5d内的短期保存技术：（1）海水水样用5‰氯仿4℃条件下保存，供NH3-N、NO2—N和N03-N三个营养盐的测定，用5‰甲醛4℃条件下保存供PO4-P测定；（2）淡水用5‰氯仿4℃条件下保存，供NH3-N测定，5‰甲醛4℃条件保存供NO2-N、NO3-N和PO4-P测定。  相似文献   

EFFECTS OF WATER TABLE AND NITROGEN ADDITION ON CO2 EMISSION FROM WETLAND SOIL     

Yang Ji-song  Liu Jing-shuang  Yu Jun-bao  Wang Jin-da  Qin Sheng-jin  Li Xin-hua 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2005,15(3):262-268

Soil respiration is a main dynamic process of carbon cycle in wetland. It is important to contribute to global climate changes. Water table and nutritious availability are significant impact factors to influence responses of CO₂ emission from wetland soil to climate changes. Twenty-four wetland soil monoliths at 4 water-table positions and in 3 nitrogen status have been incubated to measure rates of CO₂ emission from wetland soils in this study. Three static water-table controls and a fluctuant water-table control, with 3 nitrogen additions in every water-table control, were carried out. In no nitrogen addition treatment, high CO₂ emissions were found at a static low water table (I) and a fluctuant water table (IV), averaging 306.7mg/(m²·h) and 307.89mg/(m²·h), respectively, which were 51%–57% higher than that at static high water table (II and III). After nitrogen addition, however, highest CO₂ emission was found at II and lowest emission at III. The results suggested that nutritious availability of wetland soil might be important to influence the effect of water table on the CO₂ emission from the wetland soil. Nitrogen addition led to enhancing CO₂ emissions from wetland soil, while the highest emission was found in 1N treatments other than in 2N treatments. In 3 nutritious treatments, low CO₂ emissions at high water tables and high CO₂ emissions at low water tables were also observed when water table fluctuated. Our results suggested that both water table changes and nutritious imports would effect the CO₂ emission from wetland. Foundation item: Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 90211003) and the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KACX3-SW-332) Biography: YANG Ji-song (1978-), male, a native of Chengwu of Shandong Province, Ph.D. candidate, specialized in environmental ecology and wetland biogeochemistry. E-mail: yangjisong@neigae.ac.cn  相似文献   

Dissolved nutrient balance and net ecosystem metabolism in a Mediterranean-climate coastal lagoon: San Diego Bay     

F. Delgadillo-Hinojosa  A. Zirino  O. Holm-Hansen  J.M. Hernández-Ayón  T.J. Boyd  B. Chadwick  I. Rivera-Duarte 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008

The temporal and spatial variability of dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP), nitrogen (DIN), carbon (DIC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were studied in order to determine the net ecosystem metabolism (NEM) of San Diego Bay (SDB), a Mediterranean-climate lagoon. A series of four sampling campaigns were carried out during the rainy (January 2000) and the dry (August 2000 and May and September 2001) seasons. During the dry season, temperature, salinity and DIP, DIC and DOC concentrations increased from oceanic values in the outer bay to higher values at the innermost end of the bay. DIP, DIC and DOC concentrations showed a clear offset from conservative mixing implying production of these dissolved materials inside the bay. During the rainy season, DIP and DOC increased to the head, whereas salinity decreased toward the mouth due to land runoff and river discharges. The distributions of DIP and DOC also showed a deviation from conservative mixing in this season, implying a net addition of these dissolved materials during estuarine mixing within the bay. Mass balance calculations showed that SDB consistently exported DIP (2.8–9.8 × 10³ mol P d⁻¹), DIC (263–352 × 10³ mol C d⁻¹) and DOC (198–1233 × 10³ mol C d⁻¹), whereas DIN (5.5–18.2 × 10³ mol N d⁻¹) was exported in all samplings except in May 2001 when it was imported (8.6 × 10³ mol N d⁻¹). The DIP, DIC and DOC export rates along with the strong relationship between DIP, DIC or DOC and salinity suggest that intense tidal mixing plays an important role in controlling their distributions and that SDB is a source of nutrients and DOC to the Southern California Bight. Furthermore, NEM ranged from −8.1 ± 1.8 mmol C m⁻² d⁻¹ in September to −13.5 ± 5.8 mmol C m⁻² d⁻¹ in January, highlighting the heterotrophic character of SDB. In order to explain the net heterotrophy of this system, we postulate that phytoplankton-derived particulate organic matter, stimulated by upwelling processes in the adjacent coastal waters, is transported into the bay, retained and then remineralized within the system. Our results were compared with those reported for the heterotrophic hypersaline coastal lagoons located in the semi-arid coast of California–Baja California, and with those autotrophic hypersaline systems found in the semi-arid areas of Australia. We point out that the balance between autotrophy and heterotrophy in inverse estuaries is dependent on net external inputs of either inorganic nutrients or organic matter as it has been indicated for positive estuaries.  相似文献   

应用MODIS影像监测海州湾无机氮浓度的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

许勇  张鹰  刘吉堂  张东 《海洋科学》2008,32(9):76-81

利用连云港海州湾2004年至2006年的水质监测资料，选取时间上完全同步的空间分辨率为500m的MODIS Terra 1B数据，对反射率的单波段因子和波段组合因子与可溶无机氮（DIN）质量浓度之间进行相关分析。从总体上看，单波段因子与DIN质量浓度的相关性较低，但在含氮基团倍频和合频吸收带附近的波段（波段2、7）反射率与DIN质量浓度呈负相关，显示了含氮基团对水体光谱特征的影响；在波段组合因子中，因子F11（3.4）和F13（3.4）与DIN质量浓度呈显著正相关，用这两个因子建立DIN质量浓度的回归模型，R^2都达到0．7以上，相对精度达70％左右，最终选择因子F11（3.4）的线性模型反演该海域的DIN质量浓度，其结果与实际情况非常吻合。  相似文献   

Organic nitrogen and caloric content of detritus: II. Microbial biomass and activity     

Roger B. Hanson 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1982,14(3):325-336

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