GNSS卫星可见性及可用性的概率特征     

刘志平  唐旭  张秋昭 《测绘科学》2015,(12)

针对现有平均值指标难以客观地评价具有显著非对称非均匀的全球导航卫星系统可见性及可用性的问题,该文利用概率统计方法和广播星历研究了北斗导航系统、全球导航卫星系统和格洛纳斯系统的可见性及可用性的概率分布特征。结果表明:可见星数、站星高度角及可跟踪因子、几何精度因子值的概率直方图均呈显著的非对称非均匀分布特征。中地球轨道卫星可见概率与高度角为近似线性负相关,随方位角呈现"四叶玫瑰"对称非均匀分布特征且南北向可见概率略高于东西向。北斗导航系统静止地球轨道、倾斜地球同步轨道卫星远高于中地球轨道卫星的可跟踪因子,显著提高了导航星座时间可用性。星空分布图与几何精度因子值均表明导航性能随纬度增大而降低。此外,全球定位系统和全球导航卫星系统在可见性及可用性概率特征基本一致,而北斗导航系统概率分布特征与之具有较高的互补性且在亚太地区较之更适用于受限应用条件。  相似文献   

籼型两系杂交稻稻米品质性状的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李伟  郭建夫  张建中 《广东海洋大学学报》2002,22(4):56-61

利用 4个籼型光温敏不育系与 9个籼型恢复系配组杂交 ,分析了 9个稻米外观及加工品质性状杂种一代的表现、配合力效应及其相关显著性。结果表明 ,杂种一代糙米率的达标率最高 ,而整精米率的达标率最低 ;不育系中的培矮 6 4S、恢复系中的HR1 5 7和HR1 5具有较好的一般配合力 ;品质性状优良的杂交组合 ,其双亲的一般配合力均较好 ;偏相关分析表明糙米率和整精米率均为独立性状 ,垩白粒率与米粒长度呈显著负相关 ,与垩白度及米粒宽度呈显著正相关 ,而米粒长与宽呈极显著正相关。  相似文献   

斑节对虾形态性状对体质量影响的分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

孙苗苗  陈百尧  杨其彬  江世贵  周发林  苏天凤  黄建华 《海洋科学》2013,37(5):50-54

经济性状是对虾遗传育种的重要指标, 形态参数对于经济性状的贡献率是选育参数的重要依据。为了研究斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon)表型性状间的相关性及影响体质量的因素组成, 随机选取1 339 尾6 月龄对虾, 对其形态性状(体长、头胸甲长、头胸甲高、头胸甲宽)和体质量性状5 个数量性状进行测量, 并应用相关分析、多元回归、通径分析、决定系数等方法讨论了形态性状对体质量性状的影响。结果表明, 所测各形态性状间的相关性均达到极显著水平(P<0.01); 其中体长(P=0.563)对体质量的直接影响较大, 是影响体质量的主要因素。决定系数分析结果与通径分析结果一致, 各表型性状对体质量的总决定系数Σd=0.925, 表明所选性状是影响体质量的主要性状。通过逐步回归分析方法,经偏回归系数显著性检验, 建立了体质量为因变量, 体长、头胸甲长、头胸甲高和头胸甲宽为自变量的多元回归回归方程:Y= –22.489 + 0.22X₁+ 0.191X₂+ 0.339X₃+ 0.296X₄, 为斑节对虾选育提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

三疣梭子蟹选育群F₂S 表型性状对体质量影响的效果分析     

王春琳  吴丹华  崔朝霞  李来国  张晓梅  郑萍萍 《海洋科学》2013,37(7):100-108

随机抽取三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)抗病候选群F2代(F2S)120只及普通养殖群(RS)88只,对其头胸甲宽X1、头胸甲长X2、螯足长X3、Ⅰ步足长X4、Ⅱ步足长X5、Ⅲ步足长X6、游泳足长X7、中额齿间距X8、两侧额齿间距X9、下额齿间距X10、体质量Y等11个生长性状进行测量,计算每个群体内性状间的相关系数。采用通径分析方法计算,以形态性状为自变量对体质量作依变量的通径系数和决定系数,并进行各性状对体质量影响大小的分析。结果表明,两个群体所选的10个参数均与体质量显著相关。通径分析显示头胸甲宽对F2S群体质量影响最大,Ⅱ步足长对RS群体质量影响最大,他们的通径系数分别为0.498和0.609。间接通径分析表明Ⅲ步足长和两侧额齿间距分别对F2S群和RS群体质量间接影响最大。经逐步多元回归分析,两个群体各有4个参数对体质量的回归分析达到显著水平,并建立了两个不同的回归方程, F2S群： Y =-108.331＋8.259 X1＋11.372 X4＋8.382 X7-37.098 X9。RS群：Y=-106.763＋7.725 X1＋18.452 X5-73.358 X9＋45.877 X10。回归方程可以为三疣梭子蟹遗传育种提供一定的理论基础。  相似文献   

逐步线性回归法实现天津厚蟹(Helice tientsinensis)表型性状与体重的通径分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

平洪领  李玉全 《海洋与湖沼》2013,44(5):1353-1357

选择莱州湾的天津厚蟹(Helice tientsinensis)140只, 测量甲长(X1)、大螯动指长(X2)、甲宽(X3)、眼间距(X4)、第Ⅰ侧齿间距(X5)、第Ⅱ侧齿间距(X6)、大螯不动指长(X7)、大螯不动指宽(X8)、大螯长节长(X9)、第Ⅰ步足长节长(X10)、体高(X11)、体重(Y)共12个指标, 采用相关分析和通径分析方法, 计算了以形态性状为自变量, 体重作依变量的通径系数、相关系数和决定系数。结果表明, 所测形态性状与体重的相关系数均达到极显著水平(P<0.01); 采用逐步线性回归的方法建立了多元回归方程Y =－16.448 + 1.063X1 + 0.466X2, 其中Y为体重(g), X1为甲长(mm), X2为大螯动指长(mm)。选取的形态性状与体重的复相关指数R2=0.856, 定量分析了形态性状对体重的影响效果。  相似文献   

养殖条件下不同年龄背瘤丽蚌(Lamprotula leai)数量性状的相关与通径分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张根芳  张文府  方爱萍  叶容晖  楼昕宇 《海洋与湖沼》2014,45(5):1115-1121

随机选取养殖2龄、3龄和4龄的背瘤丽蚌(Lamprotula leai)各30个,分别测定壳长、壳高、壳宽、壳厚、活体重和壳重等数量性状参数并计算了各性状间的相关系数。应用Duncan法多重比较分析了不同年龄个体的形态差异,以壳重为因变量,其它数量性状为自变量进行多元回归和通径分析,计算了对应的通径系数和决定系数,并建立了最优回归方程。结果表明:2龄蚌和3龄、4龄蚌之间在形态上具有显著差异;不同年龄背瘤丽蚌各数量性状(2龄蚌壳厚除外)与壳重均极显著相关(P0.01);通过对各年龄段各种性状对壳重的通径分析和决定系数分析,发现活体重对壳重的通径系数分别为0.900、0.902和0.923,决定系数分别达到0.81000、0.81360和0.85193,是影响壳重最主要的性状。采用逐步回归法,剔除偏回归系数不显著的性状,建立了数量性状对壳重的最优回归方程。基于对壳重决定效应的大小,活体重可作为背瘤丽蚌良种选育的目标性状。  相似文献   

Temperature increase and respiratory performance of macroinvertebrates with different tolerances to organic pollution     

Lennie Rotvit  Dean Jacobsen 《Limnologica》2013,43(6):510-515

Respiration rates (mg O₂ g^?1 AFDW h^?1) of Leuctra hippopus, Sericostoma personatum, Helodes minuta, Gammarus pulex and Asellus aquaticus were studied across an oxygen gradient at 2.8 and 6.3 °C, corresponding to an expected 3.5 °C increase in Danish winter stream temperature. Species were selected from the Danish Stream Fauna Index (DSFI), representing an expected hierarchy of tolerance towards water quality degradation. We expected that low-ranking, tolerant species (i.e. indicators of bad water quality) would have the capacity to regulate their oxygen uptake relatively independently of oxygen availability (oxy-regulators) and high-ranking, sensitive species (i.e. indicators of good water quality) would be less able to do so (oxy-conformers). For all species respiration rate was higher (although non-significantly) at 6.3 °C. The species’ oxy-regulatory capacity did not consistently reflect their DSFI ranking. As expected, and in accordance with its DSFI ranking, A. aquaticus had the highest oxy-regulatory capacity with the ability to regulate O₂ uptake until an oxygen saturation of only 20%, which did not change with increasing temperature, emphasizing the robustness of A. aquaticus towards changes in the environment. S. personatum, H. minuta and G. pulex revealed no oxy-regulatory capacity. In contrast, the plecopteran L. hippopus did display an unexpected oxy-regulatory capacity. Though an increase in temperature changed L. hippopus’ capacity to oxy-regulate (the critical limit increased from 32.5 to 43.5% oxygen), respiration rates did not change significantly in spite of the temperature increase. This result contradicts the general belief that stoneflies, because of their affinity to well oxygenated habitats, are conformers. Our findings call for further studies on the respiratory conformer–regulator concept and its role as an eco-physiological trait for bio-assessment.  相似文献   

Predictability of Functional Diversity Depends on the Number of Traits     

ZHANG Zihao  HOU Jihua  HE Nianpeng 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2021,12(3):332-345

Analysis of functional diversity, based on plant traits and community structure, provides a promising approach for exploration of the adaptive strategies of plants and the relationship between plant traits and ecosystem functioning. However, it is unclear how the number of plant traits included influences functional diversity, and whether or not there are quantitatively dependent traits. This information is fundamental to the correct use of functional diversity metrics. Here, we measured 34 traits of 366 plant species in nine forests from the tropical to boreal zones in China. These traits were used to calculate seven functional diversity metrics: functional richness (functional attribute diversity (FAD), modified FAD (MFAD), convex hull hypervolume (FRic)), functional evenness (FEve), and functional divergence (functional divergence (FDiv), functional dispersion (FDis), quadratic entropy (RaoQ)). Functional richness metrics increased with an increase in trait number, whereas the relationships between the trait divergence indexes (FDiv and FDis) and trait number were inconsistent. Four of the seven functional diversity indexes (FAD, MFAD, FRic, and RaoQ) were comparable with those in previous studies, showing predictable trends with a change in trait number. We verified our hypothesis that the number of traits strongly influences functional diversity. The relationships between these predictable functional diversity metrics and the number of traits facilitated the development of a standard protocol to enhance comparability across different studies. These findings can support integration of functional diversity index data from different studies at the site to the regional scale, and they focus attention on the influence of quantitative selection of traits on functional diversity analysis.  相似文献   

两个地理群体香港牡蛎(Crassostrea hongkongensis)杂交子代早期生长发育的杂种优势研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

官俊良  张跃环  苏家齐  肖述  张明  李琼珍  喻子牛 《海洋与湖沼》2016,47(1):182-187

为探讨不同地理群体香港牡蛎的杂种优势,于2014年5月开展了广东珠海(Z,生长快)和广西茅尾海(M,抗逆性强)群体间的2×2双列杂交,比较了各实验组早期生长、存活优势,并计算了各阶段的杂种优势,实验由2个杂交组MZ(M♀×Z♂)、ZM(Z♀×M♂)和2个自交组MM(M♀×M♂)、ZZ(Z♀×Z♂)组成。结果表明:浮游期间,正交组(MZ)幼虫在9日龄前未表现出生长优势,但表现出一定的存活优势,幼虫大小存在显著的母本效应;12日龄时正交杂种优势5.34。反交组(ZM)幼虫生长和存活都表现出了正杂种优势,但生长优势值逐渐减小,到了12日龄时壳高与自繁组(ZZ)幼虫间差异不显著(P0.05)。室内苗种培育阶段,杂交稚贝表现出明显的生长、存活优势,正交组(MZ)和反交组(ZM)子代的生长优势分别为7.86±3.12、17.47±13.14;存活优势分别为8.33±1.41、2.86±1.08。以上结果说明两个群体香港牡蛎杂交可以产生杂种优势,可为牡蛎杂种优势开发利用提供参考。  相似文献   

Morphological comparison between a selected fast-growing strain and the common cultured strain of turbot Scophthalmus maximus   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

梁兴明  马爱军  王新安  李娟  黄智慧  商晓梅 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2012,30(4):563-568

To evaluate the effect of genetic improvement of the turbot Scophthalmus maximus, we analyzed morphological differences between a fast-growing strain obtained by family selection and the common cultured strain, by principal component analysis, stepwise discriminant analysis, and t-tests. Although they clearly differed morphologically, plots of the principal components of the two strains partially overlapped. However, the difference between the strains was supported with very high precision by discriminant analysis. The t-tests revealed that 4 of the 13 morphological traits analyzed were highly significantly different (P<0.01), 4 traits also differed significantly (P<0.05), and the remainder did not differ significantly. The coefficients of difference of the 13 traits were all lower than the threshold value between subspecies (1.28). Together, the results indicate that a trend for segregation of characters from the common cultured strain have already appeared in the selected fast-growing strain but the degree of segregation have not risen to subspecies level.  相似文献