黔北地区奥陶纪—志留纪之交黑色页岩地球化学特征及意义——以贵州道真道页1井为例     

安亚运  杨忠琴  向坤鹏  黄艺  陈厚国  贺永忠  刘伟  余谦 《地质论评》2021,67(4):67041105-67041118

奥陶纪—志留纪之交是华南被动大陆边缘盆地向前陆盆地演化的重要转折时期,形成广泛分布的五峰组—龙马溪组黑色页岩。为进一步探讨该套黑色页岩的形成背景,以黔北地区道页1井为例,开展沉积序列和地球化学研究。研究结果表明:五峰组及龙马溪组底部主要为硅质碳质页岩,夹多层斑脱岩,U/Th为0.2～2.90,V/Cr为1.18～14.34,Ni/Co为2.31～11.59,TOC为0.68%～5.91%,平均3.76%,稀土配分曲线为平坦型,δEu以弱正异常为主、个别为弱负异常;龙马溪上部及新滩组主要由泥岩及钙质泥岩组成,U/Th为0.16～0.23,V/Cr为0.88～1.79,Ni/Co为1.77～3.91,TOC为0.1%～0.84%,δEu以明显负异常为主,表现出低斜率右倾型稀土配分曲线。以上特征表明五峰组及龙马溪组底部形成于间歇性缺氧的还原环境,龙马溪组上部及新滩组为富氧环境。结合斑脱岩的分布特征综合分析认为,五峰组及龙马溪组底部页岩是汇聚背景下前陆盆地早期沉积的产物,强烈火山作用给大陆边缘海带来营养元素,刺激初级生产力的增加,造成水体迅速缺氧,可能是造成同期海底缺氧的主要诱因。  相似文献   

河北涞源大湾锌钼矿床锆石U-Pb和辉钼矿Re-Os年龄及其地质意义     

田林  张志远  王志敏  丁照月  李天琦  卢鸿鹏  安跃辉  胡华斌  谢桂青 《矿床地质》2021,40(6):1214-1229

大湾斑岩-矽卡岩型锌钼矿床地处太行山北段成矿带中,是该段重要的金属矿床之一.五台群板峪口组和长城系高于庄组为主要赋矿围岩,锌钼矿体主要赋存在流纹斑岩体内及斑岩与围岩接触部位.文章对大湾矿床内2件赋矿流纹斑岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代测定,获得206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值分别为(137.1±0.9)Ma(MSWD=0.56,n=24)和(136.8±1.2)Ma(MSWD=0.40,n=22);对矿区4件辉钼矿样品进行Re-Os定年,得到加权平均年龄为(136.5±1.0)Ma,等时线年龄为(136.1±2.3)Ma,在误差范围内成岩成矿时代一致,显示大湾锌钼矿床形成于早白垩世.大湾矿床中辉钼矿的w(Re)为5.816～16.484μg/g,反映了矿床成矿物质来源具有壳幔混合特征.区内流纹斑岩和蚀变体系为进一步找矿勘查的有利标志.  相似文献   

祁连山北麓牧区社会-生态系统脆弱性诊断 ——以甘肃肃南裕固族自治县为例   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

王娅  杨国靖  周立华 《冰川冻土》2021,43(2):370-380

基于人与自然耦合视角,辨识社会-生态系统脆弱性是区域可持续发展研究的核心议题和前沿领域。依据社会-生态系统和脆弱性经典范式VSD模型（Vulnerability Scoping Diagram）,利用显式空间脆弱性指数和致脆因子诊断模型分析了2004—2016年肃南县社会-生态系统脆弱性的变化趋势及其致脆因子。结果表明：该县社会-生态系统的暴露度指数介于0.374~0.725,整体呈先降,再升,后降的趋势。敏感性指数和适应性指数均呈持续波动上涨趋势,脆弱性指数由2006年的0.327持续上升至2014年的1.081后,又下降至0.440。该县社会-生态系统脆弱性的潜在风险和致脆因子主要来源于系统的暴露度,牲畜密度、人均GDP、植被覆盖度是影响系统暴露度涨落的潜在风险因素,退牧还草工程及财政支出支持力度是社会-生态系统脆弱性提升的关键致脆因素。未来肃南县应放缓经济发展增速,提高第三产业GDP比重、加大财政支出力度、推进落实草原生态保护政策及其可持续治理长效机制,以降低社会-生态系统脆弱性的风险。  相似文献   

Long‐term effects of revegetation on soil hydrological processes in vegetation‐stabilized desert ecosystems     

Zhongbo Yu  Haishen Lü  Yonghua Zhu  Sam Drake  Chuan Liang 《水文研究》2010,24(1):87-95

Planting of sand‐binding vegetation in the Shapotou region on the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert began in 1956. The revegetation programme successfully stabilized formerly mobile dunes in northern China, permitting the operation of the Baotou‐Lanzhou railway. Long‐term monitoring has shown that the revegetation programme produced various ecological changes, including the formation of biological soil crusts (BSCs). To gain insight into the role of BSCs in both past ecological change and current ecological evolution at the revegetation sites, we used field measurements and HYDRUS‐1D model simulations to investigate the effects of BSCs on soil hydrological processes at revegetated sites planted in 1956 and 1964 and at an unplanted mobile dune site. The results demonstrate that the formation of BSCs has altered patterns of soil water storage, increasing the moisture content near the surface (0–5 cm) while decreasing the moisture content in deeper layers (5–120 cm). Soil evaporation at BSC sites is elevated relative to unplanted sites during periods when canopy coverage is low. Rainfall infiltration was not affected by BSCs during the very dry period that was studied (30 April to 30 September 2005); during periods with higher rainfall intensity, differences in infiltration may be expected due to runoff at BSC sites. The simulated changes in soil moisture storage and hydrological processes are consistent with ongoing plant community succession at the revegetated sites, from deep‐rooted shrubs to more shallow‐rooted herbaceous species. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

A comprehensive approach to drought and desertification in Northern Nigeria     

E. O. Oladipo 《Natural Hazards》1993,8(3):235-261

Drought has been a recurring feature of the arid and semi-arid areas of Nigeria. This paper reviews the extent, severity, and consequences of drought and desertification in Nigeria with particular emphasis on the northern part of the country. The haphazard manner in which these environmental hazards have been tackled is examined and a systematic approach for the formulation of a national policy is proposed. It is recommended that a detailed formulation and implementation of the proposed policy plan is imperative to mitigate the often devastating impacts of drought and desertification in the very prone areas of Nigeria. Until such is done, some areas of Nigeria will always be vulnerable to the whims of an inevitable climatic hazard of drought and associated land degradation in the form of desertification.  相似文献   

Southern margin of the Variscan belt: the north-western Gondwana mobile zone (eastern Morocco and Northern Algeria)     

A. Piqué  G. Bossière  J. -P. Bouillin  A. Chalouan  Ch. Hoepffner 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1993,82(3):432-439

Stratigraphic and structural correlations between the Palaeozoic massifs of eastern Morocco and northern Algeria allow three tectonic domains to be distinguished: (1) The cratonic zone, i.e. the West African platform which remained outside the Variscan chain and its peripherical margin (Moroccan Anti-Atlas and Algerian Ougarta); (2) a WSW-ENE trending zone, over 1500 km from Marrakech to Kabylia and Calabria (in their assumed Palaeozoic location). — This zone was characterized during the Late Palaeozoic by a continuous instability indicated by the development of successive turbiditic basins and a major orogeny at the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary; and (3) central and western Morocco, which corresponds to the external zones of the European Hercynides.The Marrakech-Kabylia zone separates the Variscan domain from the stable and undeformed West African craton. During Early Palaeozoic times it began as an extensive or transtensive zone. It has been deformed by the Late Devonian orogeny and by Carboniferous and Permian reactivation. The zone represents the southern limit of the Hercynian chain and is distinguished by its transcurrent regime throughout the Late Palaeozoic. Correspondence to: A. Piqué  相似文献   

Some aspects of the spatial characteristics of drought in northern Nigeria     

E. Olukayode Oladipo 《Natural Hazards》1993,8(2):171-188

A long-period instrumental data set (1916–1987) of monthly growing season (April–October) rainfall totals for 34 stations in northern Nigeria is used to quantify drought following the method of H. N. Bhalme and D. A. Mooley. It is established that there are remarkable seasonal changes in the patterns of wetness and dryness over the region with no consistent recurrent spatial patterns in the moisture anomalies. In general, large-scale droughts only rarely cover the region as a whole, and there are distinct spatial differences dominating the wet and dry years. The length and severity of drought varies from sub-area to sub-area with very low interannual persistence. Although discrete areas do catch the brunt of drought on a year-by-year basis, drought occurrence in the region is largely sporadic in its spatial distribution. The rather noisy spatial characteristics of drought in northern Nigeria suggests that the seasonal shift in the Intertropical Discontinuity (ITD) is not likely the most important causal mechanism of drought in the region.  相似文献   

北京市北山泥石流分布规律及形成过程     

董桂芝  赵波 《城市地质》1994,(4):8-15

北京北山泥石流的分布受构造控制，呈北东方向展布。其分布在时间上和空间上均有一定的规律可寻。一条泥石流沟谷的形成从开始到结束，概括分为形成、位移和堆积。区内泥石流的形成主要有三种形式：以水力侵蚀为主，以坡面侵蚀为主和以沟源崩、滑塌形式触发沟床物质活动而形成的泥石流。  相似文献   

烃类微渗漏的地物波谱探测原理与方法研究     

李岩  迟国彬 《干旱区地理》1995,18(1):76-82

通过对新疆塔里木盆地北缘油气谱的实测和分析，结合烃类微渗漏理论，讨论油气信息的波谱特征和遥感直接探测的机理。运用遥感技术探测油气信息，一是探测烃类微渗漏产生的地表理化异常，二是直接探测渗漏运移到地表的烃类物质或土壤吸烃信息。在塔北试验区，烃类组分异常是最直接，最有意义的标志，２．３２－２．３６μｍ的烃类吸收双谷位置，被确定为塔北地区油气遥感探测波段。  相似文献   

沂沭活断层分段特征及地震趋势的预测   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨一冲 《地震》1993,(1):45-48

沂沭活断层以莒南—汤头一线为界可分成南北两大段。其中,北段以蠕滑为主,南段则表现为强烈的粘滑错动。另外,在南段内还存在着一个次一级的段落。文中详细分析了各段的断层滑动方式及地震活动的特点,并对沂沭断裂带今后的地震趋势作了预测。  相似文献