应用FTIR-SEM研究一类合成欧珀的微结构及其变彩成因机制   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

严俊  胡丹静  黄雪冰  彭秋瑾  刘晋华  张旭  张俭 《岩矿测试》2017,36(1):59-65

近些年来,相关人工合成欧泊的研究工作主要聚焦于天然与合成欧泊的鉴别与筛选,而相关合成欧泊的微结构、变彩机制及其中水的赋存状态的深入研究鲜见报道。本文通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)对一类合成欧泊的微结构、结构缺陷进行较系统的研究。同时,结合对样品的热处理就该合成欧泊体色、变彩机制及其中水的赋存状态作了初步探讨。结果表明:该样品的红外光谱中,在约2900 cm~(-1)、1737 cm~(-1)处出现合成欧泊特征吸收,且在4000~6000 cm-1波段,合成欧泊相比天然欧泊的吸收峰更为复杂。合成欧泊的颜色由体色与变彩两者共同构成,该体色与存在于其微结构中准球状、粒径约205 nm的二氧化硅颗粒的间隙填充物直接关联,且在热处理条件下随着间隙物的析出而渐退。同时,该类合成欧泊的变彩归因于结构致色并由其内部SiO_2颗粒周期性排列而构成的三维的光子带隙结构所致。此外,在欧泊的微观结构发生重构前,变彩所呈现的颜色主要由准球状二氧化硅颗粒粒径与间隙填充物决定。  相似文献   

中国图们江河口湖沼沉积中植硅体古气候变化特征     

张新荣  王锡魁  郑洪波 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2009,39(5)

通过对中国图们江河口湖沼沉积剖面的植硅体组合的分析,划分出该剖面自17.1～2.247 kaB.P.期间的6个植硅体组合带,分别对应冷干-凉湿-冷干-凉湿-温暖-温湿的气候阶段.将分析结果与本剖面Na、K、Ba、Cu、Pb、Fe、Mn分析相对比,发现植硅体对气候湿润程度的反映不如Na、K、Fe敏感,但是比其它指标,如泥炭地发育程度对湿润度的反映,要灵敏得多.区域对比发现,本剖面的植硅体古气候过程存在着区域上的良好响应,对全球变化与区域响应研究起着积极作用.  相似文献   

2010上海世博会上欧泊营销的启示     

余芳  包德清 《地质科学译丛》2011,(1):43-46

欧泊是一种具有特殊光学效应的宝石,其变幻莫测的色彩令人着迷。但在国内珠宝市场上欧泊的销售份额很小,有关其有效营销方法研究方面的参考资料基本处于空白状态。借助2010年上海世博会的契机,结合笔者在澳大利亚馆销售欧泊产品4个月的经历,着重从多角度吸引顾客、留住顾客、销售攻心术、灵活引导及创新推广活动等方面分析了澳大利亚AODC公司的营销策略,从中总结出几点建议,旨在对国内珠宝营销有所启发。  相似文献   

Biological controls on dissolution of diatom frustules during their descent to the deep ocean: Lessons learned from controlled laboratory experiments     

Uta Passow  Megan A. French  Maya Robert 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2011,58(12):1147-1157

The majority of opal produced by diatoms dissolves during their sedimentation to the seafloor, but spatial and temporal variability of dissolution rates are large. Controlled laboratory experiments using live phytoplankton or phyto-detritus may help identify the different processes, including those that are biologically mediated or physico-chemically driven, that impact the dissolution of frustules and the aforementioned variability. Results of eight bSiO₂ dissolution experiments, seven of which were conducted at low temperatures (<6 °C) are presented within the context of earlier similar studies, and different phases of dissolution dynamics characterized. TEP concentration, aggregation and the physiological status of the diatoms determined the period during which diatoms may maintain the protective membrane that surrounds their frustule and effectively reduces or completely inhibits (lag period) dissolution for some time. Once diatoms loose the capability to maintain their protective membrane, bacterial activity compromises it. Physico-chemical dissolution, which depends on frustule structure and abiotic environmental conditions, begins once the protective membrane is damaged. The ability of diatoms to maintain their membrane, the bacterial composition and activity governing its degradation, and the physico-chemical dissolution dynamics of exposed frustules are all impacted by temperature. In our experiments instantaneous dissolution rates were not dependant on bSiO₂ concentration at low temperatures, although such a relationship was observed under otherwise identical conditions at 15 °C, implying that biotic factors rather than physico-chemical processes initially dominated dissolution at polar temperatures. Since inhibition of bSiO₂ dissolution at low temperatures was inhibited to a greater extent than organic matter degradation, we postulate that it was not reduced bacterial activity but the enhanced ability of diatoms to maintain their membrane and thus withstand microbial attack that caused the low initial dissolution rates at <6 °C. In situ, interactions between the different biotic and abiotic processes impacting dissolution combined with differences in sinking velocity of diatom aggregates and grazing effects could easily explain high spatial and temporal variability in the accumulation of diatoms on the seafloor. Simple calculations based on our experimental results suggest that Fragilariopsis kerguelensis, for example, would be appreciably more likely to reach the seafloor than Chaetoceros debilis if both grow at low growth rates, e.g. under growth limiting conditions. However, dissolution behavior of Chaetoceros debilis during sedimentation may differ under conditions where this species forms large blooms.  相似文献   

西藏拉萨桑达地区第四纪植硅体组合特征   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

陈陵康  郭建秋  顾延生  陈海霞 《地理科学》2008,28(3):402-406

测制西藏拉萨桑达乡第四系剖面,系统采集并分析植硅体样品,根据植硅体的形态分类及组合、温暖指数等特征,划分为5个植硅体组合带:Ⅰ为齿型-平滑棒型、石屑型、网脊块状,反映气温温凉;Ⅱ为长方型-平滑棒型、多面体型,气候转暖;Ⅲ为长方型、齿型-平滑棒型组合带,气候干旱; Ⅳ为长方型-亚铃型、齿型-平滑棒型、多面体型组合带,气候温暖潮湿;Ⅴ为齿型、帽型-平滑棒型、多面体型、石屑组合带,显示气候寒冷。探讨拉萨桑达地区第四纪古植被 、古环境。  相似文献   

东北地区泥炭表层沉积中植硅体分布特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张新荣  胡克  方石  王东坡 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2007,37(5):895-900

表土沉积物中的植硅体分析是了解第四纪沉积物中植硅体组成的重要途径,也是重建第四纪古环境的基础。对东北地区跨越3个气候带、6个地区的41处泥炭地表土中的植硅体进行提取,鉴定出东北泥炭表土中主要发育哑铃型、扇型、鞍型、方型、长方型、梯型、尖型、帽型、齿型、棒型和其它等11种植硅体类型。分析显示,它们的分布与纬度、地形和温热条件具有明显关系,即哑铃型、鞍型、扇型、方型、长方型和梯型植硅体随纬度和海拔较高而含量较小,其余类型反之;较高温度条件对应扇型、哑铃型植硅体含量较高,较高湿度对应扇型植硅体含量较高。  相似文献   

网纹红土中的植硅石组合及其环境意义的初步研究   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9       下载免费PDF全文

李长安  顾延生 《地球科学》1997,22(2):195-198

长江中下游地区网纹红土中的古气候记录，在第四纪全球变化研究中具有十分重要的意义，阐述了江西修水网纹红土的岩性特征和形成时代，重点讨论了网纹红土中的植硅石及其古气候信息，根据植硅石形态的环境意义，结合因子分析，将修水剖面网纹红土所含的植硅石划分为１２个组合带。并将其与黄土－古土壤气候旋回和深海氧同位素气候旋回进行了对比，提出网纹红土也是第四纪全球变化的良好信息载体。  相似文献   

东海嵊山岛风尘黄土中的植物硅酸体与环境研究   总被引：11，自引：3，他引：11  

郑祥民  赵健  周立旻  王伟铭 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2002,22(1):25-30

东海岛屿风尘黄土地层的存在是下蜀黄土在东部的继续与延伸，红外释光测年（IRSL）表明，东海嵊山岛黄土剖面形成年代约为50－10kaBP，即形成于晚更新世末次冰期期间；植物硅酸体分析发现该剖面样品含有丰富的禾本科植物硅酸体化石，且在剖面中变化较大，在对植物硅酸体进行分类的基础上，运用了判别分析、冷暖比值判别和古植被类型判别的方法，对植物硅酸体所反映的古环境进行了分析，将岛屿风尘地层中的植物硅酸体划分为7个变化阶段，反映了岛屿黄土堆积期的7次气候变化过程，探讨了该地区末次冰期期间古环境、古气候变迁特征，发现该剖面沉积期间主要为干冷的草原环境且经过了一系列冷－暖气候变迁。  相似文献   

长江三角洲地区晚第四纪古土壤中的植物硅酸体及其古环境意义   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7  

刘宝柱  李从先  业治铮 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1995,(2)

长江三角洲地区晚第四纪古土壤层，即以前所谓的“暗绿色硬粘上层”过去被看作是“哑地层”，本文首次发现该层中含有丰富的植物硅酸体，且各种类型的硅酸体在地层中均有出现，并在剖面上有较大的变化。在定量统计分析的基础上，利用其组合特征，并进一步利用对应分析方法，探讨了本区晚第四纪古地理、古环境变迁历史，认为该层形成子一种弱草甸环境，且在其形成过程中有四次气候冷—暖变化。  相似文献   

Opal and chalcedony speleothems on quartz sandstones in the Sydney region,southeastern Australia     

R. A. L. Wray 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(4):623-632

Speleothems of silica are far rarer than those of calcite but occur in a range of types including stalactites, stalagmites and flowstones. This study has found a wider range and far greater number of silica speleothems on the quartz sandstones of the Sydney region than the small number of previous accounts had suggested. Speleothems on the Sydney region sandstones are composed of multiple layers of amorphous opal‐A and cryptocrystalline chalcedony. Silica slowly dissolved from detrital and diagenetic quartz and kaolinite clays of the host arenites is redeposited as opal‐A at the sandstone surface when groundwater evaporates. This amorphous silica converts over time by Ostwald‐type paragenesis to the cryptocrystalline form, but the expected intermediate opal‐CT phase has not been detected. The crystallisation of chalcedony at earth‐surface temperatures is generally believed to take an extremely long time and its presence makes these speleothems very significant, especially as it is reported in only a small number of silica speleothems elsewhere. Furthermore, a similar paragenetic silica‐‘ripening’ mechanism may also be involved in the low‐temperature earth‐surface formation of other crystalline silica deposits such as silcrete duricrusts and pedogenic quartz. Additional closely coupled laboratory and field investigations into the processes that control silica paragenesis under earth‐surface conditions are sorely needed.  相似文献