Knowledge based systems for risk assessment of the subsurface of contaminated sites     

S. Heynisch  A. Pekdeger  B. Richter  M. -Th. Schafmeister  W. Skala 《Mathematical Geology》1994,26(4):505-517

Computer-based risk evaluation methods are practical tools to compare automatically and evaluate contaminated sites. HYDRISK is an example of adequate knowledge-based systems: HYDRISK evaluates hydrogeological properties and chemical criteria relevant to contaminant transport with respect to the necessary remedial actions. It works at a high investigative level and enables geologists and engineers to draw differentiated conclusions for selecting remediation methods for the contaminated site. HYDRISK emphasizes space and time dependent aspects of the contaminant transport. It is supported by a geographic information system (GIS) to display the evaluation results. Some ideas on considering the spatiotemporal variability of relevant parameters by means of geostatistical methods and numerical models will be given.  相似文献   

BOOK REVIEWS     

《The Professional geographer》1982,34(4):458-490

Books reviewed in this article: Aerial Photography and Remote Sensing. Terrain Analysis and Remote Sensing . JOHN R. G. TOWNSHEND , ed. Environmental Data Use in Computer-assisted Data Handling Systems: The Results of a Survey of Applications in the Pacific Northwest States . KENNETH E. GORDON . Applied Land Use: A Spatial Approach . JOHN F. LOUNSBURY , LAWRENCE M. SOMMERS , AND EDWARD A. FERNALD , eds. The Second Battle of New Orleans: A History of the Vieux Carre Riverfront-Expressway Controversy . RICHARD O. BAUMBACH , JR. AND WILLIAM E. BORAH . Cultural Environmental Archaeology . MYRA SHACKLEY . The Immoral landscape: Female Prostitution in Western Societies . RICHARD SYMANSKI . life Among the Poor in Cairo . UNNI WIKAN , translated by Ann Henning. Women, Work and Property in Northwest India . URSULA SHARMA . The Domestication of Women: Discrimination in Developing Societies . BARBARA ROGERS Economic Optimization in Locational and Transport Analysis . A. G. WILSON , J. D. COELHO , S. M. MACGILL , H. C. W. L. WILLIAMS . New Tools for Economic Development: The Enterprise Zone, Development Bank, and RFC . GEORGE STERNLIEB AND DAVID LISTOKIN , eds. Regional Wage Inflation . R. L. MARTIN , ed. Finding A Place For Energy-Siting Coal Conversion Facilities . FRANK J. CALZONETTI WITH MARK S. ECKERT . Environmental Management, Resources, and Systems Environmentalism. Second Edition . T. O'RIORDAN . Countryside Conservation . BRYN GREEN . Medical Spatial Diffusion: An Historical Geography of Epidemics in an Island Community . A. D. CLIFF , P. HAGGETT , J. K. ORD , AND G. R. VERSEY . Philosophy and Geographic Thought Order and Skepticism: Human Geography and the Dialectic of Science . RICHARD SZYMANSKI AND JOHN A. AGNEW . Measurement of Subjective Phenomena . D. F. JOHNSTON , ed. Conceptions of Space in Social Thought: A Geographic Perspective . ROBERT DAVID SACK . The Association of American Geographers: The First Seventy-five Years: 1904-1979 . PRESTON E. JAMES AND GEOFFREY J. MARTIN . The Life and Thought of Isaiah Bowman . GEOFFREY J. MARTIN . Physical River Basin Planning: Theory and Practice . SURANJIT K. SAHA AND CHRISTOPHER J. BARROW , eds. Soils and landforms: An Integration of Ceomorphology and Pedology . A. I. GERRARD Climatic Change and Society. Consequences of Increasing Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide . WILLIAM W. KELLOGG AND ROBERT SCHWARE . Political Political Redistrictings and Geographic Theory . RICHARD L. MORRILL . Population Studies in Spanish American Population History: Dell Plain Latin American Studies NO. 8 . DAVID J. ROBINSON , ed. Population Redistribution in the Midwest . CURTIS C. ROSEMAN , ANDREW J. SOFRANKO , AND JAMES D. WILLIAMS , eds. Geographical Perspectives on the Elderly . A. M. WARNES , ed. Regional Perspective On the American South . MERLE BLACK AND JOHN SHELTON REED , eds. The Prairies and Plains: Prospects for the 80s . JOHN R. ROGGE , ed. Rural Rural Settlement in an Urban World . MICHAEL BUNCE . Social Accident at Three Mile Island: The Human Dimensions . DAVID L. SILLS , C. P. WOLF , AND VIVIEN B. SHELANSKI , eds. The American Small Town: Twentieth-Century Place Images . JOHN JAKLE . Urban A House of My Own . SUSAN LOBO . The City: Patterns and Processes in the Urban Ecosystem . CHRISTOPHER H. EXLINE , GARY L. PETERS , AND ROBERT P. LARKIN . Movement in Cities . P. W. DANIELS AND A. M. WARNES . Urbanization and Urban Planning in Capitalist Society . MICHAEL DEAR AND ALLEN J. SCOT , eds.  相似文献   

Methodological Development of the Conditional Sampling Method. Part II: Quality Control Criteria of Relaxed Eddy Accumulation Flux Measurements   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

A.?K.?Fotiadi  F.?Lohou  A.?Druilhet  D.?Ser?aEmail author  F.?Said  P.?Laville  A.?Brut 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2005,117(3):577-603

Determination of biosphere–atmosphere exchanges requires accurate quantification of the turbulent fluxes of energy and of a wide variety of trace gases. Relaxed Eddy Accumulation (REA) is a method that has received increasing attention in recent years, because it does not require any rapid sensor for the scalar measurements as the Eddy Correlation method (EC) does. As in all micrometeorological studies, REA measurements in the atmospheric surface layer are valid under some restrictive conditions so as to be representative of a specific ecosystem. These conditions are the homogeneity of the underlying surface, stationary and horizontally homogeneous turbulence. For most experiments these conditions are not fully satisfied. Data uncertainties can also be related to not fulfilling the method principles or to the technical characteristics of the REA system itself. In order to assess REA measurement quality, a methodological approach of data analysis is developed in this study. This methodological analysis is based on the establishment of criteria for data quality control. A set of them, deduced from the mean and turbulent flow, are called ‘Dynamic criteria’ and are designated to control the stationarity and homogeneity of the w function and the validation of Taylor’s hypothesis. A second set (‘REA operational criteria’) is designed to check the sampling process and, more precisely, the homogeneity of the negative and positive selection process throughout the sampling period. A third set of criteria (‘Chemical scalar criteria’) concerns the scalar measurements. Results of the criteria application to data measured at two different experimental sites are also presented. Cut-off limits of criteria are defined based on their statistical distribution and shown to be specific for each site. Strictness of each criterion, defined by the percentage of flagged samples, is analysed in conjunction with the meteorological conditions and atmospheric stability. It is found that flagged samples mainly correspond to neutral and stable nocturnal conditions. During daytime, nearly free convection conditions can also yield poor quality data.  相似文献   

GIS MCE技术在农业气象灾害风险评价中的应用     

薛丰昌 《气象》2012,38(9):1140-1144

气象灾害风险评价涉及多源、多维、多尺度空间数据与社会经济统计数据,对应用GIS结合MCE技术进行农业气象灾害风险评价进行了研究。利用特尔菲专家测定法建立评价准则,利用空间划分技术建立评价单元,利用属性值空间化技术实现对气象灾害影响因素空间分布特征进行描述,以空间叠置计算获得多准则条件下空间单元决策目标分值,从而实现区域气象灾害风险区划。研究表明,GIS结合MCE技术能够较好地整合与气象灾害风险评价相关的各类空间数据和社会统计数据,实现气象灾害风险的定量化评价。以冰雪灾害致灾因子评价为例,证明以上技术方法具有可行性。  相似文献   

Tropical Cyclones and Polar Lows: Velocity, Size, and Energy Scales, and Relation to the 26℃ Cyclone Origin Criteria     

G.S.GOLITSYN 《大气科学进展》2009,(3)

The goal of this paper is to quantitatively formulate some necessary conditions for the development of intense atmospheric vortices. Specifically, these criteria are discussed for tropical cyclones (TC) and polar lows (PL) by using bulk formulas for fluxes of momentum, sensible heating, and latent heating between the ocean and the atmosphere. The velocity scale is used in two forms: (1) as expressed through the buoyancy flux b and the Coriolis parameter lc for rotating fluids convection, and (2) as expresse...  相似文献   

江淮地区梅雨的新定义及其气候特征   总被引：19，自引：4，他引：15  

胡娅敏  丁一汇  廖菲 《大气科学》2008,32(1):101-112

用Cressman客观分析方法得到我国1954～2005年0.5°×0.5°的逐日降水格点资料,并定义了一个新的江淮地区的 “广义梅雨评定标准”,研究了包括长江中下游地区和淮河流域地区的整个江淮地区（28°N～34°N,110°E～122°E）梅雨期降水的气候特征。结果表明:江淮梅雨有显著的年际和年代际变化特征,主要存在2～3年、6～8年、 12～15年和18～20年的周期变化,2～3年的显著周期主要集中在20世纪70年代末以后。江淮地区梅雨在1965年前后、70年代末～80年代初和90年代初发生了三次显著的气候跃变。最后,从季风气流的水汽输送和副热带高压及阻塞高压的稳定维持三个方面讨论了江淮梅雨丰梅年和弱梅年时大气环流的异常特征。  相似文献   

新旧观测标准统计的灰霾时空分布特征对比   总被引：9，自引：8，他引：1  

罗晓玲  宋丽莉  潘蔚娟 《广东气象》2008,30(1):17-19

通过对比分析新旧观测标准下广东灰霾时空分布特征,认为新标准下霾日的分布与变化较旧标准更为合理,进一步说明了广东霾日的变化趋势与广东的经济发展及大气环境质量的变化是相关的。建议：由于灰霾观测新标准中仍然存在需人为判断的区域,若在新标准中引入大气气溶胶浓度观测数据,从本质上将灰霾与轻雾和雾区分,将更加有利于灰霾的统计和分析,有利于标准的推广和普及。  相似文献   

煎茶岭大型金矿床地球化学特征、成矿地球动力学及找矿标志   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王瑞廷  王东生  李福让  陈荔湘  代军治  王义天  闫臻 《地质学报》2009,83(11):1739-1751

煎茶岭大型金矿床的地球化学特征表明,超基性岩体是金的主要矿源层,成岩物质具幔源特点,金成矿过程与早期构造岩浆热液作用及后期构造热液蚀变作用有关,成矿流体为混合岩浆热液,晚期中酸性岩浆水是引起超基性岩蚀变变质的主要流体成分,金矿化过程中的硫是多期次、多来源.初步认为该矿床为造山型金矿床,成矿可分为两期,即晋宁晚期-加里东期和印支-燕山期,以后者为主,其主成矿期对应于区域上的后碰撞造山过程,陆内挤压造山是其成矿地球动力学背景.超基性岩体的褪化蚀变、F_1~(45)断裂的长期活动及与其大角度相交的上、下盘次级断裂、裂隙系统与灯影组白云岩是煎茶岭金矿床的主要控矿因素.结合该区找矿实践,认为F_1~(45)断裂带、Au-Ag-As-Hg-B等组合化探异常和蚀变白云岩为其重要的找矿标志.煎茶岭地区仍具有较好的找矿潜力,这对于指导该地区进一步勘查并取得找矿突破具有重要的现实意义.  相似文献   

江东测区航磁异常地面查证结果的再认识     

杨永刚 《地质与勘探》2009,45(2):98-102

笔者结合1/5万磁法扫面及相关磁参数测定工作,在路线地质调查的基础上,进一步对引起江东测区航磁异常的原因进行了客观的分析和总结,得出该区磁异常并非某些专家所讲由"似条带状含铁硅质岩建造(铁多金属矿化)"引起,而实由高黎贡山群中-高级区域变质岩类产生的结论,并对在该区进行地质勘查的找矿标志、矿床类型等找矿方向提出了自己的观点.  相似文献   

云南弥渡县云景地区多元地学信息集成及找矿模型     

缪宇  宋文婷  何茂源  徐乐 《地质与勘探》2019,55(6):1367-1378

云南弥渡县云景预查区位于巍山县扎村金矿东缘,属于西南三江成矿省昌都-普洱成矿带。本文结合前人地质资料以及野外地物化遥等多元勘查手段,对该预查区多元地学信息进行分析和集成。研究发现,该区成矿作用与区内浅层侵入岩关系密切,接触交代成矿作用明显,矿化受南北向构造控制,构造交汇部位矿化集中发育。斑岩体构成了区内主要的磁性源,含矿石英砂岩体具有接触过渡带高阻、高极化率的特征,中深部找矿潜力巨大;地球化学异常特征表现为热液叠加改造型金矿的元素组合特征,亲铜元素相对富集,成矿阶段呈多期次性,金成矿贯穿早期高温热液成矿阶段。通过多元地学信息集成提出了适合本区的热液叠加改造型金矿找矿模型。  相似文献