全球海洋酸化及浅水和冷水珊瑚礁化学生存环境的模拟研究     

郑梅迪  曹龙 《气候变化研究进展》2015,11(3):185-194

使用UVic地球系统气候模式,在4种CO₂典型浓度路径（RCP2.6、RCP4.5、RCP6.0、RCP8.5）情景下,对1800-2300年海洋环境变化及珊瑚礁周围海水环境进行模拟分析。结果表明,海洋将继续吸收大量碳,从RCP2.6到RCP8.5情景,海表温度将在21世纪末上升1.1～2.8 K,pH值将下降0.14～0.42,[CO₃^2- ]将减少20%～51%。珊瑚礁周围环境的文石饱和度（W）下降迅速。在工业革命前,99%的浅水珊瑚处于W>3.5的外环境中,87%的深水珊瑚处于W>1的海域。在21世纪末,除了RCP2.6,其他情景下均仅剩不到1%的浅水珊瑚还能被W>3.5的水域包围。在RCP8.5情景下,21世纪末全球平均文石饱和线将从工业革命前的1138 m水深提升到308 m水深,使得73%的冷水珊瑚暴露在不饱和水域,而2300年这一比例将超过95%。  相似文献   

A comparison of reef‐protected environments in ­Western Australia: the central west and Ningaloo coasts     

Peta G. Sanderson 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2000,25(4):397-419

Variability in the regional setting and morphology of cuspate forelands on the west coast of Western Australia is examined in this paper. In accordance with this aim, principal differences in the geologic and geomorphologic setting of three prominent sites on the west coast were established and their association with historical changes and contemporary oceanographic processes was examined. The cuspate forelands investigated are Jurien Bay, Winderabandi Point and Turquoise Bay. The most significant differences in geologic setting are associated with the structure and location of an extensive offshore reef system. Morphologically, the reef alters from south to north, changing from a discontinuous ridge parallel to the shore along the central west coast, to a nearly continuous fringing reef at Ningaloo. The reefs vary in distance from the shore, being farthest in the south and closest in the north and they impound a series of inshore basins, or lagoons. The deeper southern basins are dominated by locally generated wind waves and wind‐generated currents. The shallower northern basins are most markedly affected by tidal currents and wave pumping across the reef flats. The large cuspate foreland at Jurien on the central west coast has undergone shoreline configuration change in response to changing phases of storminess as well as in response to a change in focus for sediment deposition as a result of offshore reef erosion. At Winderabandi Point on the Ningaloo coast, relict Pleistocene limestone has provided the focus for sedimentation and morphology has been controlled by a balance in refracted wave energy and nearshore currents driven by tidal and wave set‐up variability. At Turquoise Bay, where the lagoonal basin is most shallow and narrow, the morphology of the foreland suggests that it may at some stage have been migratory, but its present asymmetrical shape is maintained by strong northerly longshore drift and strong currents exiting the lagoon through a nearby gap in the reef crest. Fundamental differences between the two coastal regions include the structure of the offshore reef, processes driving flow of water within the lagoons and the role of storminess in evolution of coastal landforms. Although many questions regarding storm surge dynamics and landform change remain unanswered, this research provides a significant contribution to the understanding of the evolution of morphological systems in low‐wave‐energy protected environments. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Controls on carbonate platform architecture and reef recovery across the Palaeozoic to Mesozoic transition: A high-resolution analysis of the Great Bank of Guizhou     

Brian M. Kelley  Daniel J. Lehrmann  Meiyi Yu  Adam B. Jost  Katja M. Meyer  Kimberly V. Lau  Demir Altiner  Xiaowei Li  Marcello Minzoni  Ellen K. Schaal  Jonathan L. Payne 《Sedimentology》2020,67(6):3119-3151

Carbonate platforms spanning intervals of global change provide an opportunity to identify causal links between the evolution of marine environment and depositional architecture. This study investigates the controls on platform geometry across the Palaeozoic to Mesozoic transition and yields new stratigraphic and palaeoenvironmental constraints on the Great Bank of Guizhou, a latest Permian to earliest Late Triassic isolated carbonate platform in the Nanpanjiang Basin of south China. Reconstruction of platform architecture was achieved by integrating field mapping, petrography, biostratigraphy, satellite imagery analysis and δ¹³C chemostratigraphy. In contrast to previous interpretations, this study indicates that: (i) the Great Bank of Guizhou transitioned during Early Triassic time from a low-relief bank to a platform with high relief above the basin floor (up to 600 m) and steep slope angles (preserved up to 50°); and (ii) the oldest-known platform-margin reef of the Mesozoic Era grew along steep, prograding clinoforms in an outer-margin to lower-slope environment. Increasing platform relief during Early Triassic time was caused by limited sediment delivery to the basin margin and a high rate of accommodation creation driven by Indosinian convergence. The steep upper Olenekian (upper Lower Triassic) slope is dominated by well-cemented grainstone, suggesting that high carbonate saturation states led to syndepositional or rapid post-depositional sediment stabilization. Latest Spathian reef initiation coincided with global cooling following Early Triassic global warmth. The first Triassic framework-building metazoans on the Great Bank of Guizhou were small calcareous sponges restricted to deeper water settings, but early Mesozoic reef builders were volumetrically dominated by Tubiphytes, a fossil genus of uncertain taxonomic affinity. In aggregate, the stratigraphic architecture of the Great Bank of Guizhou records sedimentary response to long-term environmental and biological recovery from the end-Permian mass extinction, highlighting the close connections among marine chemistry, marine ecosystems and carbonate depositional systems.  相似文献   

Observational information on a temperate reef community helps understanding the marine climate and ecosystem shift of the 1980–90s     

Giulia Gatti  Carlo Nike Bianchi  Monica Montefalcone  Sara Venturini  Giovanni Diviacco  Carla Morri 《Marine pollution bulletin》2017,114(1):528-538

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基于古地磁与~(230)Th定年的西沙西科1井乐东组生物礁沉积年代的初步研究          下载免费PDF全文

王振峰  张道军  刘新宇  尤丽  罗威  易亮  谭亮成  祝幼华  秦华峰  程海  李忠权  谢强  车志伟  邓成龙  朱日祥 《地球物理学报》2017,60(3):1027-1038

生物礁是重要的自然资源,在全球气候变化与碳循环中扮演了重要角色.磁性地层学是建立年代框架的有效手段,但是,由于生物礁沉积物中天然剩磁强度弱,南海地区生物礁的磁性地层学研究尚未很好展开.为此,本文利用西沙群岛西科1井乐东组生物礁沉积样品进行了详细的岩石磁学和磁性地层学研究.结果显示,西沙群岛乐东组记录了布容正极性时、奥杜维尔正极性时和松山负极性时.通过对比已有的钻孔资料,本文认为应基于岩石地层特征这一标准将西沙地区的乐东组埋深予以统一.在此基础上,综合磁性地层与~(230)Th定年结果,本文将乐东组的底界限定在~2.0 Ma.  相似文献   

面向岛礁应急监测的多手段组网设计与实验     

杨敏  徐栋  王新胜  王瀚宇 《海洋科学》2018,42(1):32-38

为了对今后的岛礁应急监测研究提供参考和借鉴,作者以无线自组网技术为基础,提出了一种面向岛礁应急监测的多手段组网设计方案,并依托实际应用场景,开展了初步的实验,提高了岛礁监测的效率,取得了一定的数据成果。  相似文献   

南沙群岛礁概化地形上拍岸浪数值模拟与统计分析     

曹广颂  朱首贤  张文静  聂屿 《海洋学报》2020,42(1):22-30

南沙群岛珊瑚岛礁众多,大多数岛礁具有向海坡陡峭、外礁坪比较平缓的特征。将南沙群岛岛礁的迎浪向地形概化为陡坡和缓坡组成的双斜坡,采用FUNWAVE-TVD模式数值模拟概化地形上的波浪,根据模拟的破碎波高分析其拍岸浪特征。对拍岸浪数值模拟结果进行比较分析,向海坡的坡度对拍岸浪影响不大,外礁坪上拍岸浪高随地形坡度增大而略有增大;向海坡和外礁坪交界位置(即坡折点)水深对拍岸浪有比较明显的影响,拍岸浪高随坡折点水深增大而减小;拍岸浪高随入射波高和波周期增大而增大。利用大量的拍岸浪数值模拟数据对国内外5种统计模型进行检验,并且基于拍岸浪数值模拟数据建立了3种南沙群岛岛礁拍岸浪统计模型,计算结果显示这些模型适用性较好。  相似文献   

近江牡蛎(Crassostrea ariakensis)规模化人工育苗及养成   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王威  李莉  黎奥  王冲  孙同秋  张国范 《海洋科学》2020,44(2):108-112

近江牡蛎(Crassostreaariakensis)为广温、广盐分布的河口区大型种,曾在中国南北方河口区都有分布。由于近岸河口环境的变化,在中国北方河口区一度难以寻觅,甚至被认为濒临灭绝。利用黄河三角洲区域滨州、东营主要河口近江牡蛎资源,借助南方丰富的淡水资源,在福建宁德迅速开展了近江牡蛎的规模化人工育苗工作,总计获得了1092万粒种苗。在近江牡蛎原产地滨州进行中间培养及海上养成,在长牡蛎主养海区山东乳山进行转场育肥试养并获得初步成功。与同期养殖的长牡蛎相比,近江牡蛎的氨基酸种类及含量无明显差异,且生长速度快,这些特点将有助于推动其成为我国北方沿海的牡蛎养殖新品种。规模化育苗及养殖还有助于降低对野生近江牡蛎资源的采捕需求,对其资源的保护、牡蛎礁的恢复重构能够起到促进作用。  相似文献   

人工鱼礁建设对海洋浮游植物群落变化的影响     

张智鹏  陈璐  刘洪军  赵文溪  周健  宋静静  王鸣岐 《海洋通报》2020,39(5):617-626

本研究关注了浮游植物群落对人工鱼礁建设后短期内的响应,浮游植物群落特征季节变化及其与环境因子之间的相互关系。基于小黑山岛海域 2013—2016 年 12 个航次的现场调查,共鉴定出 75 种浮游植物,硅藻是该海域最主要的浮游植 物类型;研究区域内叶绿素 a 浓度范围为 0.22 ~ 9.46 ug/L,Shannon 多样性指数 （log2） （H''） 范围为 0.76 ~ 3.06,Pielou 均匀度指数 （J''） 范围为 0.28 ~ 0.77。鱼礁建设前后海水环境因子变化较小,且礁区内外差异不显著,鱼礁建设后变化主要有3 点。Pb 和 Hg 浓度有所降低,符合一类海水水质标准的航次及站位增多。于叶绿素 a 浓度、H''和 J''均有所下降,礁区内外叶绿素 a 浓度无明显差别,且礁区的 H''和 J''高于非礁区。盂优势种有一定的变化,但礁区内外无明显差别,具槽直链藻是该海域全年性的优势种。典范对应分析 （CCA） 表明影响站位和各浮游植物在分析图中分布的最主要因素不是人工鱼礁建设而是季节变化。浮游植物群落主要受溶解氧、NO3-N、水温、悬浮物和 As 影响,其中 As 浓度虽然优于国家一类海水水质标准,但仍对浮游植物群落的分布影响显著。  相似文献   

沉积物对珊瑚礁及礁区生物的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

牛文涛  徐宪忠  林荣澄  黄丁勇 《海洋通报》2010,29(1)

海水中日益增多的悬浮物和泥沙沉降是导致珊瑚礁严重衰退的原因之一。沉积物覆盖在珊瑚礁生物表面,影响其呼吸作用,而海水浊度的增加会减少光合作用的可利用光。过多的沉积物改变了礁区的物理以及生物过程,从而对珊瑚礁生态系的结构和功能产生不利影响。为了有效评估珊瑚礁的变化趋势,如优势种丰度以及空间分布的变化等,应用标准的监测方法进行长期监测对于掌握这一复杂生态系统的变化是非常关键的。综述了沉积物对珊瑚生长率、生长形态、代谢和繁殖与补充以及礁区生物的影响,并指出未来的研究方向,以期为珊瑚礁的保护提供参考。  相似文献