Spectrophotometric determination of pH in seawater off Taiaroa Head,Otago, New Zealand: Full-spectrum modelling and prediction of pCO₂ levels     

Shane M. Ohline  Malcolm R. Reid  Shamus L.G. Husheer  Kim I. Currie  Keith A. Hunter 《Marine Chemistry》2007

Accurate measurement of seawater pH has long been sought by marine chemists (for example: [Dickson, A.G. 1993a. The measurement of sea water pH. Marine Chemistry, 44, 131–142, Dickson, A.G. 1993b. pH buffers for sea water media based on the total hydrogen ion concentration scale. Deep-Sea Research, 40, 107–118; Zhang, 1996; Tapp, M., Hunter, K.A., Currie, K. and Macaskill, B. 2000. Apparatus of continuous-flow underway spectrophotometric measurement of surface water pH. Marine Chemistry 72(2–4), 193–202; Friis, K., Koetzinger, A., Wallace, D.W.R. 2004. Spectrophotometric pH measurement in the ocean: Requirements, design and testing of an autonomous charge-coupled device detector system. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 2, 126–136]. Recently, such attempts have taken on greater significance as anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions may create rapidly changing oceanic pH. Spectrophotometric techniques have been accepted generally as the best for determination of seawater pH. Here we report a new technique using thymol blue as the indicator dye and fitting the entire spectrum from 400 to 900 nm rather than measuring the absorbance values at only two or three points in the spectrum. This full-spectrum modelling enables a reduction in signal to noise over other techniques. In the laboratory, we find with seawater samples a pH precision increase of five-fold “within” a sample and seven-fold “between” samples when comparing the full spectrum to the three-point method of analysis [Zhang, H., Byrne, R.H. 1996. Spectrophotometric pH measurements of surface seawater at in-situ conditions: absorbance and protonation behaviour of thymol blue. Marine Chemistry 52, 17–25].  相似文献   

高精度CTD剖面仪研制过程中的专用设备   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

王欣 《海洋技术学报》2001,20(1):140-142

本文介绍了“油水分离压力罐”的主要理论依据及该设备采用的特殊的机械结构，实践证明，利用该设备实现了在实验室条件下，模拟深海重力场检测CTD剖面仪中的某些关键传感器的目的。  相似文献   

地浸采铀浸出液氧化沉淀法除铁研究     

李宗星  孙占学 《国外铀金地质》2008,(3):183-186

在氧化沉淀法去除铁的过程中,氧化反应分别在自然曝气、充气和除钙的条件下进行,对照结果进行分析,得出最佳的除铁配方,同时还着重对氧化反应速率及其影响因素（pH,Eh等）进行了探索性研究,为以后试验提供了一定的依据。  相似文献   

煤炭资源勘查误差理论研究     

林宣明 《福建地质》2008,27(1):57-72

对煤炭资源勘查资源量与客观物质量之间差值的误差理论探讨,提出误差由真值误差、系统误差和离差3个基本部分组成,其中真值误差是不可消除的观测误差、系统误差是控制网度所决定的准确度标准、而离差是由地质构造及矿床形态的多解性产生的资源量波动。在此基础上,构筑了一个关于误差的数学模型,最后应用误差理论对现行勘查工作中常见的错误进行分析,并就如何避免错误及减少误差提出了见解。  相似文献   

成都经济区黄壤土壤剖面Pb形态分布特征及其影响因素   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

杨晓燕  侯青叶  杨忠芳  杨艳  赵志丹 《现代地质》2008,22(6)

土壤剖面中不同形态铅迁移转化及其影响因素的研究对于了解Pb的土壤地球化学行为具有非常重要的意义。以四川省成都经济区农田生态系统黄壤剖面中不同形态Pb分布特征为例,探讨黄壤剖面中不同形态Pb的迁移转化影响因素及其生态危害性。结果表明:在黄壤剖面中,Pb总量表现为表层富集、深层稳定的特点;弱有机结合态含量表现为表层富集、深层稳定的特点,其他形态Pb含量剖面分布特征不明显;土壤中的Pb主要是以铁锰氧化态和残渣态为主,其他形态Pb含量所占比例较小;成土过程中,随着Pb总量的增加,稳定态Pb含量增加,而活动态相对减少;土壤pH值对各形态Pb含量分布影响较大,尤其是对碳酸盐结合态的影响显著;土壤总有机碳也是影响土壤中各形态Pb含量分布的重要因素之一,尤其是对有机结合态Pb含量影响显著;而随着土壤熟化程度的增加,黄壤剖面中的活动态含量增加,稳定态减少;剖面中的Pb迁移系数和生物可利用系数均较小,说明Pb不易向下迁移,容易在表层富集,对植物及人类有一定的危害。  相似文献   

大湾铀矿田铀-镭平衡系数及迁移富集特征研究     

刘红兵 《华南地质与矿产》2006,(1):34-37

从分析大湾铀矿田各矿床(点)的铀镭平衡系数变化特征出发,结合放射性同位素比值特征分析铀镭迁移富集行为,指出了各矿床(点)氧化带的深度,以了解各铀矿床(点)潜在的工业价值.  相似文献   

胃肠酸度下中药及补铁制剂中铁活性的影响研究     

刘淑娟  王达成  杨沁羽 《华东地质学院学报》2006,29(2):159-163

在人体胃肠液的酸度条件下,采用正辛醇-水分配体系模拟药物在人体肠胃中的分配情况,研究了中药和补铁制剂中铁的形态及其在人体内的吸收情况,并探讨了中药不同比例的配伍、胃肠酸度及还原性物质的存在对水溶态铁和醇溶态铁的影响。结果表明,药物溶液中的铁形态与药物本身特性和配伍情况有关,酸度及配伍对药物中铁的溶出率和溶液中铁的形态有较大影响,人体对铁的吸收与胃肠酸度和还原性物质的存在有关。  相似文献   

Preparation of a New Geological Survey of Japan Geochemical Reference Material: Coral JCp-1   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Takashi Okai  Atsushi Suzuki  Hodaka Kawahata  Shigeru Terashima  Noboru Imai 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2002,26(1):95-99

A new geochemical reference material, coral Porites sp. JCp-1 has been prepared by the Geological Survey of Japan (GSJ). Provisional values for twenty one major, minor and trace elements are presented. The homogeneity tests showed that all elements studied are considered to be homogeneously distributed.  相似文献   

Sulfur Content and Isotopic Ratio of Cambro-Ordovician Carbonate Rocks from South Korea: A Possible Source for Mesozoic Magmatic-hydrothermal Ore Sulfur     

Shunso ISHIHARA  Myung–Shik JIN  Yoshimichi KAJIWARA 《Resource Geology》2002,52(1):41-48

Abstract: Carbonate rocks of Cambrian (18 samples) and lower-middle Ordovician (11 samples) ages from South Korea were analyzed for sulfur contents of structurally substituted sulfate (SSS) and sulfides and their δ³⁴S values. The δ³⁴S values of SSS ranging from +25.9 to +45.2 permil, are averaged as +33.6 and +33.5 permil for the Cambrian and Ordovician rocks, respectively, which indicate high δ³⁴S values of the Cambro-Ordovician seawater. The SSS contents in the carbonate rocks are low being 2.9 to 17.3 ppm S (averaged as 7.0 ppm S). Sulfide sulfur, on the contrary, is much abundant containing 3 to 1,880 ppm S and the δ³⁴S values range widely between –17.6 and +31.1 permil. Sulfide sulfur of the studied rocks excluding impure carbonates has an average content of 187 ppm S and δ³⁴S value of +12.8 permil (n=24). The estimated δ³⁴S (sulfate–sulfide) values, which range from 13.8 to 25.4 permil in general with a few exceptions from 36.5 up to 52.3 permil for some impure carbonates, may provide evidence for the persistent oceanic anoxia with its temporary recovery during the Cambro-Ordovician time.
The SSS and sulfide sulfurs have often higher δ³⁴S values than the Mesozoic-Cenozoic ore sulfur (Ishihara et al., 2000). Since carbonate rocks are very reactive with circulating hydrothermal ore solution, high δ³⁴S values of the Korean ore deposits might be caused to some extent by ³⁴S enrichment from the host carbonates, resulting in the low SSS contents observed.  相似文献   

河流水质风险评价的灰色-随机风险率方法   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3  

胡国华  夏军  赵沛伦 《地理科学》2002,22(2):249-252

提出了量化影响河流水质的随机不确定性与灰色不确定性的水质超标灰色－随机风险率概念，建立了水质超标灰色－随机风险率评价模型。在水质单项参数评价模型中，将河流污染物浓度变量的分布处理成灰色概率分布，将污染物浓度超过水质类别标准值的风险率处理成灰色概率，即水质超标灰色－随机风险率。在水质综合评价模型中，河流水环境系统被考虑为担任某一使用可能的可靠性系统，而任意一种水质参数超标意味着河流水体使用功能不能得到应有的保证，也即表明水体综合评价超标，最后借鉴系统可靠性分析的理论和方法计算水质综合超标率。该方法应用于黄河花园口断面重金属污染风险评价。  相似文献