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31.
Evidence for former fast glacier flow (ice streaming) in the southwest Laurentide Ice Sheet is identified on the basis of regional glacial geomorphology and sedimentology, highlighting the depositional processes associated with the margin of a terrestrial terminating ice stream. Preliminary mapping from a digital elevation model of Alberta identifies corridors of smoothed topography and corridor‐parallel streamlined landforms (megaflutes to mega‐lineations) that display high levels of spatial coherency. Ridges that lie transverse to the dominant streamlining patterns are interpreted as: (a) series of minor recessional push moraines; (b) thrust block moraines or composite ridges/hill–hole pairs constructed during readvances/surges; and (c) overridden moraines (cupola hills), apparently of thrust origin. Together these landforms demarcate the beds and margins of former fast ice flow trunks or ice streams that terminated as lobate forms. Localised cross‐cutting and/or misalignment of flow sets indicates temporal separation and the overprinting of ice streams/lobes. The fast‐flow tracks are separated by areas of interlobate or inter‐stream terrain in which moraines have been constructed at the margins of neighbouring (competing) ice streams/outlet glaciers; this inter‐stream terrain was covered by more sluggish, non‐streaming ice during full glacial conditions. Thin tills at the centres of the fast‐flow corridors, in many places unconformably overlying stratified sediments, suggest that widespread till deformation may have been subordinate to basal sliding in driving fast ice flow but the general thickening of tills towards the lobate terminal margins of ice streams/outlet glaciers is consistent with subglacial deformation theory. In this area of relatively low relief we speculate that fast glacier flow or streaming was highly dynamic and transitory, sometimes with fast‐flowing trunks topographically fixed in their onset zones and with the terminus migrating laterally. The occurrence of minor push moraines and flutings and associated landforms, because of their similarity to modern active temperate glacial landsystems, are interpreted as indicative of ice lobe marginal oscillations, possibly in response to seasonal climatic forcing, in locations where meltwater was more effectively drained from the glacier bed. Further north, the occurrence of surging glacier landsystems suggests that persistent fast glacier flow gave way to more transitory surging, possibly in response to the decreasing size of ice reservoir areas in dispersal centres and also locally facilitated by ice‐bed decoupling and drawdown initiated by the development of ice‐dammed lakes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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J. B. Connelly 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(4):459-469
During a marine geophysical survey of the Bismarck Sea by the Australian Bureau of Mineral Resources in 1970, magnetic, gravity, and seismic reflection recordings were made along north‐south traverses with a spacing of 30 to 40 km. The magnetic data have been interpreted, first by visual inspection of magnetic and topographic trends and then by two‐dimensional computer modelling along typical profiles. The interpretation indicates that the Bismarck Sea is divided into two main tectonic provinces separated by a boundary which roughly coincides with a line joining Manus Island and the Willaumez Peninsula of New Britain. An area of apparently nonmagnetic basement about 10 km wide coincides with a well defined band of shallow earthquakes which runs east‐west across the centre of the Sea. A major boundary is present at the eastern end of the Sea along the west coast of the Gazelle Peninsula of New Britain; it continues along an offset in the band of earthquakes to New Hanover. 相似文献
33.
RésuméLa comparaison entre la structure tectonique des calcaires du Bajocien, la répartition des alluvions anciennes et la morphologie permet de retracer l’évolution du relief de côtes et l’évolution des axes de drainage depuis la fin du Tertiaire. Les alluvions conservées en inversion de relief sur le plateau d’érosion au sommet de la côte de Moselle, témoignent en faveur des cours divaguants de la « Paléo-Meurthe » et de la Haute-Moselle et du manque de vigueur du relief à la fin du Tertiaire. Le dégagement des surfaces structurales ne commence qu’au début du Pléistocène (stade 350 m) en relation avec un changement climatique. L’encaissement du réseau hydrographique et le déblaiement des dépressions argileuses ne font, depuis lors, que donner de l’amplitude au relief de côte malgré un recul qui a pu être chiffré entre 6 et 21 km, en fonction du contexte structural.Les cours d’eau principaux sont presque totalement surimposés à la structure. Les affluents de rive gauche de la « Paléo- Meurthe », d’abord adaptés au cadre morphostructural, coulent dans la plaine argileuse du Callovien dans laquelle ils migrent et s’allongent en fonction du recul des côtes, avant de se surimposer dans les calcaires du Bajocien. Seuls apparaissent adaptés à la structure quelques petits ruisseaux orthoclinaux qui s’assèchent rapidement après incrustation dans les calcaires. N’étant pas alimentés par l’amont, ils s’enfoncent moins vite que les cours d’eau de rive gauche, qui drainent d’abord les argiles du Callovien avant de recouper la nappe des calcaires bajociens. La capture de la Moselle s’explique par l’adaptation au cadre morphostuctural du « Paléo-Terrouin », affluent de rive gauche de la « Paléo-Meurthe », s’écoulant à contre-pendage. Le recul important de la côte de Meuse dans le « synclinal » de Toul, passant d’un relief inverse à un relief conforme dans la cuvette de Dieulouard, a permis l’élargissement progressif de la plaine argileuse du Callovien et l’accroissement du bassin-versant du « Paléo-Terrouin ». Celui-ci a fini par capturer la « Rivière de la Haie Plaisante », puis par son intermédiaire, la Haute-Moselle elle-même. Dans l’avenir, il est probable qu’il capture également la Haute-Meuse. © Elsevier, Paris 相似文献
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35.
桐柏造山带东段结晶基底杂岩中的大型A型背形及其构造背景 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对桐柏山东段广水－孝子店一带桐柏杂岩及红安群的构造解析，提出桐柏杂岩中发育－北西－南东走向并向南东倾伏的大型Ａ型背形．利用变形矿物变质温压计估算其形成温度为５３０～６９０℃，压力为０．５２～０．６２ＧＰａ，相当于１８～２２ｋｍ深的中地壳流动壳层．据Ａ型背形不同部位物质运动特点分析，其形成很可能是古元古代晚期华北古板块与杨子古板块碰撞对接造成桐柏杂岩向南东方向侧向挤出的结果 相似文献
36.
黄土中碳酸盐含量变化及其古气候记录——以兰州红咀寺剖面为例 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
以兰州红咀寺剖面为例 ,以 2 cm的间隔采样 ,进行了碳酸盐含量的测定 ,获得数据 892个 ,与其它古气候指标 (磁化率、有机碳总量 )进行对比后揭示了该地区近 3 0× 10 3 a来气候变化的频率及突变事件。3 0× 10 3 a以来主要可以分为 4个阶段 :暖湿期(3 3× 10 3 ～ 40× 10 3 a B.P.)、凉偏干期 (3 0× 10 3 ～ 2 7× 10 3 a B.P.)、寒冷干燥期 (2 7× 10 3 ～ 10× 10 3 a B.P.)、暖湿期 (10× 10 3 ～ 3× 10 3 a B.P.) ,各阶段中气候快速变化明显 相似文献
37.
The flora of Gondwanan southern Africa is represented in the rock record by micro-fossils, macro-fossils and petrified woods. All these types of fossils are seldom preserved together in any one particular facies because of taphonomic and preservational biases. In order to obtain as accurate a picture as possible of the woody vegetation, both the fossil woods and other macroplant fossils, such as leaf impressions, fructifications and cuticle, of woody plants, have been correlated. This was done for each Formation in the Karoo Supergroup in order to illustrate the changes in diversity of woody vegetation over time. Sediments of the Karoo Supergroup represent the terrestrial fossil record of the period Upper Carboniferous to the Lower Cretaceous when Africa finally separated from South America. In the Upper Carboniferous to Lower Permian (Dwyka Formation) there are at least five described genera of woods from South Africa and Namibia. Early to Middle Permian woods (Ecca Group) are a little more diverse with six genera, representing the glossopterids, cordaitaleans and possibly other seed fern groups. Late Permian to Early Triassic (Beaufort Group) woods show very little change in diversity in spite of the major floral and biotic turnover evident from the rest of the fossil record. Although the Late Triassic (Molteno Formation) macro-flora has been shown to be an example of explosive diversification, the generally poorly preserved woods do not reflect this. Lower Jurassic fossils (Clarens Formation) are also poorly preserved but have araucarian characteristics. Early Cretaceous woods represent the Araucariaceae, Cheirolepidiaceae and Podocarpaceae with a number of species. The diversity of the woods has not changed as much as the rest of the floral components in southern Africa from the Late Carboniferous to the Early Cretaceous. Possible reasons for this apparent stasis are the conservative nature of wood, functional restrictions, limitations of suitable conditions for petrifications and the fact that very little research has been done on southern African woods. 相似文献
38.
南海北部大陆架残留风成沙与海岸带古风成沙的对比及关系研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
广泛分布于南海北部大陆架的残留风成沙,在形态、粒度、石英沙粒表面微结构、矿物组成及浅地层剖面等方面总体上具备风成沉积特征。同时,南海北部沙质海岸多处发育的晚更新世古风成沙,在粒度、沉积构造与结构等方面亦有明显的风成沉积特征。二者构成的风沙地貌体发育具有同期性、形态有相似性、空间分布有大陆架向海岸带延伸的连续性。由此表明,南海北部大陆架与毗邻沙质海岸的沙源有同源性,沉积环境有类比性。据此可以认为,南海北部大陆架残留风成沙与海岸带古风成沙为近源沉积成因系列,二者为同期同相连续性沉积。 相似文献
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40.
野外填图和室分析表明,福建顺昌北部溪东一带存在１种英云闪长质片麻岩体,并获得颗粒锆石Ｕ－Ｐｂ年龄７０５．９Ｍａ。它是中（酸）性深成岩体经受强烈变形变质作用改造的产物,属晋宁期侵入岩。它为研究福建省晋宁运动提供了重要资料。 相似文献