新疆富蕴地区中泥盆统阿勒泰组喀腊曼哲火山岩地球化学特征及构造环境研究     

张亚峰  蔺新望  郭岐明  吕军利  赵端昌  王星  王旭  党晨  申维娜 《西北地质》2013,(4):66-80

通过野外调研和相关地球化学研究,表明出露于阿尔泰造山带南缘富蕴地区喀腊曼哲一带的中泥盆统阿勒泰组火山岩由玄武岩和流纹岩组成,为一套典型的双峰式火山岩组合。其中,玄武岩多变质为钠长阳起片岩、绿帘透闪片岩等,属拉斑玄武岩系列,低SiO2、K2O,高Ti,稀土配分曲线显示轻稀土略富集的平坦型,无明显Eu异常（SEu=0．92～1．08）,富Th、U等,Nb负异常;流纹岩属钙碱性系列,高SiO2,低K2O,为钠质型,稀土配分曲线显示Eu负异（dEu为0．29～0．58）的右倾型,富集Th、U、La、Ce和Hf,亏损Sr、Nb、Ta、Zr、P、Ti。二者地球化学特征存在明显差异,表明酸性火山岩并不是由基性岩浆分离结晶产生,而可能是与基性下地壳经不同程度的部分熔融有关;基性火山岩为经俯冲流体改造的亏损地幔部分熔融的产物。岩石地球化学分析结果虽然显示其兼具洋中脊和岛弧火山岩的地球化学特征,但结合区域地质背景,其可能并不是形成于弧后盆地环境,而是岛弧裂谷的产物,属于成熟岛弧。  相似文献   

内蒙古干旱区赛乌素金矿氧化带及金表生地球化学研究     

马民涛  关广岳 《地质学报》1996,70(3)

该矿是内蒙古干旱草原气候区典型的含金硫化物石英脉型矿床。研究表明:自全新世以来该氧化带一直处于干旱气候控制之下;金的表生演化除具有颗粒增大、形态复杂、品位变富和成色增高外,金、银出现双峰富集且基本处同一深度;这与潮湿气候区金、银以“单峰”富集及“上金下银”规律形成鲜明对比。太阳泵是金、银“双峰”富集的主要成因;金的下部富集与较低pH环境有关;伊利石2M_1是金、银上部富集峰主要成因之一。  相似文献   

Les rhyolites hyperalcalines (pantellérites) du lac Tchad. Composition et signification tectonomagmatiqueThe peralkaline rhyolites (pantellerites) of the Lake Chad. Composition and tectonomagmatic significance     

Jean-Paul Vicat  André Pouclet  Yves Bellion  Jean-Claude Doumnang 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(12):885-891

Remnants of rhyolite lava-dome and of alkaline microgranite extrusions emerge, as inselbergs, in the alluvial plain, south of Lake Chad. The peralkaline, arfvedsonite- and acmite-bearing rhyolites are determined as pantellerites. They can be related to a tectonomagmatic stage, dated of the Late Cretaceous, of the western central Africa rift system. They may constitute the NNE extension of a N50° to 30° elongated succession of small alkaline complexes, from the Gulf of Guinea to the North-Cameroon, which initiated the magmatic activity of the Cameroon Line. To cite this article: J.-P. Vicat et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 885–891.  相似文献   

Relative importance of strain rate and rheology for the mode of continental extension   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

G. Bassi 《Geophysical Journal International》1995,122(1):195-210

  相似文献   

青藏高原近南北向裂谷的时空分布特征及动力学机制     

卞爽  于志泉  龚俊峰  杨蓉  程晓敢  林秀斌  陈汉林 《地质力学学报》2021,27(2):178-194

青藏高原南部发育的一系列近南北向裂谷是印度-欧亚大陆持续挤压作用下的大型伸展构造,也是揭示高原后碰撞构造演化过程的重要对象。目前,关于南北向裂谷的形成机制存在多种假说模型,并对裂谷时空分布特征做出了不同的预测,这成为约束裂谷成因机制的关键条件。综合关于裂谷启动时间的已有研究成果,进一步梳理了南北向裂谷的时空分布特征,结果表明近南北向裂谷的启动时间似乎具有自西向东逐步减小的趋势,这与拉萨地体广泛出露的后碰撞岩浆作用演化过程一致。在此基础上,结合地球物理观测,推断近南北向裂谷的动力学机制与印度板片向东拆离假说最为契合。印度板片自西向东的拆离建立了向东传播的重力势能梯度,从而驱动岩石圈向东流动,最终导致南北向裂谷依次向东发育。   相似文献   

塔里木新元古代原型盆地与深层油气勘探意义     

杨鑫  赵永强  兰明杰  杨波  颜萍  焦存礼 《地质学报》2021,95(5):1426-1447

震旦系白云岩是当前塔里木深层油气勘探战略突破的潜在层系之一,但是受资料限制,对新元古代原型盆地和烃源岩分布仍存在较大争议.综合重磁电反演和地震解释,开展了塔里木新元古代地层分布、隆坳格局和原型盆地性质研究.地球物理位场异常和联合反演结果显示,塔西南、阿瓦提地区深层都有新元古界广泛分布.新元古代盆地呈隆-坳相间格局,塔北和中央隆起带是前寒武系继承性基底古隆起,北部裂陷带和塔西南裂陷带均以NWW向裂谷为主,纵向上呈现断-坳结构,平面上构成大型垒-堑结构,裂谷形成演化和同沉积断裂的分布与基底岩相组成以及基底断裂分布密切相关.塔里木新元古代原型盆地演化以南华纪裂谷、早震旦世断-坳转换和晚震旦世坳陷为特征,震旦纪末期柯坪运动导致短暂的地壳抬升,构造剥蚀南强北弱.在早震旦世断-坳转换过程中,由多个南华纪分散的裂谷沉降中心逐渐合拢、收缩成宽缓分布的深水凹陷区,晚震旦世伴随周缘洋盆扩张,生烃凹陷开始向大陆边缘迁移.塔西南深层古裂陷内可能发育前寒武系烃源岩,古裂陷与古隆起之间的配置关系是寒武系盐下勘探突破的关键.上震旦统台缘礁滩相和表生岩溶作用形成的规模性碳酸盐岩储集体是当前古老层系勘探的重要目标类型.  相似文献   

Cross-sectional areas of mid-ocean ridge axes bounding the Easter and Juan Fernandez microplates     

Pardee  Debra R.  Hey  Richard N.  Martinez  Fernando 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1998,20(6):517-531

We have calculated cross-sectional areas for the ridges bounding the Easter and Juan Fernandez microplates, 22°–28°S and 31°–35°S, obtaining accurate results where complete bathymetric data exist and estimates in other regions with partial bathymetric coverage and predicted bathymetry. We consider the reliability and usefulness of global predicted bathymetry in these calculations and the possible application of this dataset in other localities. The spreading rates on ridges bounding these microplates span the range from slow to superfast, allowing an investigation of ridge axis inflation over most of the rates active on Earth today. The across-axis areas of the Easter microplate ridge axes range from –29 km² to 7 km², while the Juan Fernandez ridge axis areas range from –27 km² to 8 km². Positive values correlate with regions usually interpreted as magmatically robust. Negative values arise from calculations in areas of propagating rift tips and deep grabens, such as Pito and Endeavor Deeps. Geochemical trends of Easter microplate axial basalts show decreasing MgO toward propagating rift tips and slight positive correlations between variables such as MgO vs. cross-sectional area, Na_8.0 vs. axial depth, and Na_8.0 vs. cross-sectional area. We document the decrease in the axial area approaching segment ends and propagating rift tips along both the West and East ridges of the microplates. On the Easter microplate both East and West ridge systems undergo large variations in spreading rate from >130 km Myr^–1 to <50 km Myr^–1. Inflation on these ridge segments is highly variable and only weakly correlated with spreading rate. On the Juan Fernandez microplate, West ridge spreading rates vary only between 115–140 km Myr^–1 and are systematically faster than on the East ridge, where rates vary between 10–35 km Myr^–1. Cross axis areas are systematically greater and significantly less variable on the faster spreading West ridge. Overall, compared to oceanic spreading centers bounding major plates with similar spreading rates, the axial areas are smaller on the microplate ridge systems, possibly because their rapidly changing configurations create a lag in the mantle response to the rigid plate boundary.  相似文献   

Continental rifting as a function of lithosphere mantle strength     

Frdric Gueydan  Christina Morency  Jean-Pierre Brun 《Tectonophysics》2008,460(1-4):83-93

The role of the uppermost mantle strength in the pattern of lithosphere rifting is investigated using a thermo-mechanical finite-element code. In the lithosphere, the mantle/crust strength ratio (S_M/S_C) that decreases with increasing Moho temperature T_M allows two strength regimes to be defined: mantle dominated (S_M > S_C) and crust dominated (S_M < S_C). The transition between the two regimes corresponds to the disappearance of a high strength uppermost mantle for T_M > 700 °C. 2D numerical simulations for different values of S_M/S_C show how the uppermost mantle strength controls the style of continental rifting. A high strength mantle leads to strain localisation at lithosphere scale, with two main patterns of narrow rifting: “coupled crust–mantle” at the lowest T_M values and “deep crustal décollement” for increasing T_M values, typical of some continental rifts and non-volcanic passive margins. The absence of a high strength mantle leads to distributed deformations and wide rifting in the upper crust. These numerical results are compared and discussed in relation with series of classical rift examples.  相似文献   

昌宁-孟连结合带清平地区斜长角闪岩锆石年代学及Sr- Nd- Hf同位素研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

彭智敏  付于真  王国芝  关俊雷  耿全如  胡金锋  刘云鹤  张璋 《地质学报》2020,94(2):511-526

昌宁-孟连结合带清平地区发育较为完整的蛇绿岩组合,主要由蚀变橄榄岩、蛇纹岩、枕状玄武岩、斜长角闪岩等构造单元组成。通过对该蛇绿混杂岩中的斜长角闪岩的LA-ICP-MS U-Pb锆石年代学研究,获得~(206)Pb/~(238)U加权平均年龄分别为433.9±2.9Ma,436.7±2.4Ma,说明斜长角闪岩形成为早志留世。对锆石原位微区Hf同位素锆石分析获得ε_(Hf)(t)值为5.5～6.7,均值6.2。SiO_2含量为45.65%～50.71%,平均为48.02%,K_2O/Na_2O比值0.07～0.23,具有富钠贫钾的亚碱性系列岩石。轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损,(La/Yb)_N=1.87～4.35,轻重稀土分馏明显,δEu=0.80～1.26,总体无明显的Eu异常。微量元素大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、Sr)相对富集,高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti和Zr具有不同程度的亏损,反映俯冲带构造的特征,岩石地球化学特征显示具有E-MORB的性质,经构造环境图解判别,样品均落入E-MORB区域,说明在早志留世昌宁-孟连洋存在俯冲消减的作用。(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_t=0.704289～0.704742,(~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd)_t=0.512107～0.512172,ε_(Nd)(t)值在0.54～1.81,均值为0.99。Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成表明,斜长角闪岩岩浆源区主要来源于富集地幔(EMII),未受到地壳物质的混染,可能受到昌宁-孟连洋俯冲沉积物析出流体的影响。Pb同位素特征显示具有Dupal异常特征,说明在昌宁-孟连结合带双江清平地区在早志留世存在与现今印度洋一致的Dupal异常地幔域,昌宁-孟连结合带在早志留世位于南半球,说明昌宁-孟连早志留世洋盆所处位置属冈瓦纳大陆的一部分。  相似文献   

Mg同位素示踪中国东部中生代深部碳循环     

段先哲  牛苏娟  李赛  李南  孙浩然  郭聪  肖文舟  隋清霖  冯鹏  贺海洋 《地质论评》2022,68(3):2022062029-2022062029

地球深部碳循环对全球气候变化、生命探索和岩石圈演化的研究具有重要意义。中国东部岩石圈是地球深部碳循环的重要场所,其减薄与破坏与深部碳循环密切相关。中生代太平洋板块俯冲是制约中国东部岩石圈减薄与破坏的关键,对华北克拉通和华南板块的大规模金属成矿作用具有重要作用。笔者等系统阐述了Mg示踪地球深部碳循环原理,例举了镁同位素示踪中国东部深部碳循环的实例,论述了中生代俯冲的古太平洋板块所释放的碳酸盐熔体/流体与地幔相互作用,是造成中国东部地幔具有普遍的轻Mg同位素组成的重要原因。此外,指出轻镁同位素的多解性,提出多同位素联合示踪是未来研究地球深部碳循环的趋势。  相似文献