Rebuilding viable spawner patches of the overfished Spisula solida (Mollusca: Bivalvia): a preliminary contribution to fishery sustainability     

Joaquim  Sandra; Gaspar  Miguel B.; Matias  Domitilia; Ben-Hamadou  Radhouan; Arnold  William S. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2008,65(1):60-64

  相似文献   

2000-2010年中国退牧还草工程区土地利用/覆被变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张海燕  樊江文  邵全琴 《地理科学进展》2015,34(7):840-853

在3S技术支持下,结合景观格局定量分析方法,基于30 m分辨率的土地利用/覆被数据,对中国退牧还草工程区2000-2010年土地利用/覆被时空分布特征进行研究。通过利用土地利用转移矩阵和动态度来判定土地利用变化的速度和区域差异,并在斑块类型和景观水平上分析研究区景观格局特征,探讨土地利用格局变化的生态效应。结果表明：①近10年来,研究区土地利用/覆被类型以草地和其他类用地为主,整体内部结构稳定少动。草地变化面积仅占2000年草地总面积的0.37%;林地、湿地、耕地和人工表面的面积均有所增加;其他类用地面积有所减少。②全区土地综合动态度均小于0.1%,土地利用/覆被变幅较小,除人工表面较活跃外,其他各类型变化相对缓慢,且各省土地利用区域差异较小。③研究区内景观基质未发生改变,区域景观破碎度递减,景观多样性水平上升,景观聚集度和连续性微弱下降,景观整体保持较完整态势。退牧还草工程的实施使土地利用/覆被结构和景观格局均得以优化。  相似文献   

The early impact of large wood introduction on the morphology and sediment characteristics of a lowland river     

《Limnologica》2015

Habitat degradation in river ecosystems has considerably increased over the past decades, resulting in detrimental effects on aquatic and riparian communities. During the last two decades, the value of large wood as a resource for river restoration and recovery has been increasingly documented. However, post-project appraisal of the associations between restored large wood, morphological complexity and river ecology as a result of river restoration is extremely rare and thus scientific knowledge is essential. To investigate restored wood-induced morphological response and sediment complexity in an overwidened reach along a low gradient lowland river (River Bure, UK), two sub-reaches containing 12 jams initiated by wood emplacement in 2008 and 2010 and a sub-reach free of wood were studied. Wood surveys recording the dimensions and number of wood pieces in jams, geomorphological mapping of the reach illustrating the spatial distribution of features in and around the jams and in a section free of wood, and sediment sampling (analysed for particle size, organic content and plant propagule abundance) of five recurring patch types surrounding each jam (two wood-related patches and three representing the broader river environment) were performed. Wood jams partially spanned the river channel and contained large pieces of wood that created more open structures than naturally-formed wood jams. Where no wood was introduced, the channel remains wide and the gravel bed is buried by sand and finer sediment. In the restored reaches, fine sediment has accumulated in and around the wood jams and has been stabilised by vegetation colonisation, enhancing flow velocities in the narrowed channel sufficiently to mobilise fine sediment and expose the gravel bed. Sediment analysis reveals sediment fining with time since wood emplacement, largely achieved within the two wood-related patch types. Fine sediment retained around the wood shows a relatively higher plant propagule content than other patch types, suitable for sustaining plant succession as the vegetated side bars aggrade. Although channel narrowing and morphological adjustment has occurred surprisingly rapidly in this low energy, over-widened reach following wood introduction (2–4 years), sustaining the recovery in the longer term to suitably support flora and fauna communities depends on the continued delivery of wood by ensuring a natural supply of sufficiently large wood pieces from riparian trees both upstream and within the reach.  相似文献   

Intra‐event scale bar–bank interactions and their role in channel widening          下载免费PDF全文

Mario Klösch  Bernadette Blamauer  Helmut Habersack 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2015,40(11):1506-1523

Channel bars and banks strongly affect the morphology of both braided and meandering rivers. Accordingly, bar formation and bank erosion processes have been greatly explored. There is, however, a lack of investigations addressing the interactions between bed and bank morphodynamics, especially over short timescales. One major implication of this gap is that the processes leading to the repeated accretion of mid‐channel bars and associated widenings remain unsolved. In a restored section of the Drau River, a gravel‐bed river in Austria, mid‐channel bars have developed in a widening channel. During mean flow conditions, the bars divert the flow towards the banks. One channel section exhibited both an actively retreating bank and an expanding mid‐channel bar, and was selected to investigate the morphodynamic processes involved in bar accretion and channel widening at the intra‐event timescale. We repeatedly surveyed riverbed and riverbank topography, monitored riverbank hydrology and mounted a time‐lapse camera for continuous observation of riverbank erosion processes during four flow events. The mid‐channel bar was shown to accrete when it was submerged during flood events, which at the subsequent flow diversion during lower discharges narrowed the branch along the bank and increased the water surface elevation upstream from the riffle, which constituted the inlet into the branch. These changes of bed topography accelerated the flow along the bank and triggered bank failures up to 20 days after the flood events. Four analysed flow events exhibited a total bar expansion from initially 126 m² to 295 m², while bank retreat was 6 m at the apex of the branch. The results revealed the forcing role of bar accretion in channel widening and highlighted the importance of intra‐event scale bed morphodynamics for bank erosion, which were summarized in a conceptual model of the observed bar–bank interactions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

地下河水人工补给洞穴滴水、碳酸盐(钙)沉积特征及景观恢复探讨   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

张美良  朱晓燕  吴夏  张碧云  潘谋成 《中国岩溶》2015,34(1):17-26

岩溶旅游洞穴碳酸盐岩沉积物景观容易受到污染、风化,为了探讨受污损洞穴碳酸盐沉积物的修复方法以确保岩溶旅游洞穴的可持续发展,对广西桂林七星岩No.15支洞距洞口约150 m长洞段的滴水物化指标、现代碳酸盐岩沉积物进行了为期4年的监测分析。结果表明:（1）该洞段的滴水主要源于抽取地下河水的水柜渗漏及降水补给,地下河水和滴水的电导率、[Ca2＋] 、[HCO3-]在4个水文年中的变化趋势基本相同,雨季洞穴滴水电导率、[Ca2＋] 、[HCO3-]等显著降低,降雨稀释效应明显;（2）现代洞穴碳酸盐岩沉积具有明显的季节性变化,雨季洞穴滴水量/速率、碳酸钙沉积速率加快,最大沉积量达0.8 g／半月,洞穴入口约150 m长洞段快速滴水碳酸盐最大沉积量达2～4 g／半月,旱季碳酸盐沉积速率减少,最大沉积量仅为0.4 g／半月;（3）抽取岩溶地下水经由地表补给洞穴滴水可提高滴水的电导率、[Ca2＋] 、[HCO3-]及CaCO3饱和度,促使大量碳酸盐(CaCO3)快速沉积,实现对洞穴受风化、污染景观的修复,新沉积的碳酸钙(CaCO3)还可以将基岩裂隙和洞穴内破损、破裂的钟乳石重新“粘结”起来,利于洞穴的稳定性。   相似文献   

张衡地动仪（4）：复原研究     

冯锐  武玉霞 《中国地震研究》2014,28(2):142-151

鉴于张衡地动仪在世界文化中的地位,各国学者开展了复原研究,但复原模型一直处于绘制图样和展品阶段。近几十年,中国学术界在有关的史料、考古和历史地震学研究中都取得了新进展,为建立新的复原模型打下了良好的工作基础,新的模型不仅更加符合史料,而且首次具有了验震功能。本文将从科学思路、结构复原、造型复原和科学检验四方面予以介绍。  相似文献   

Long‐Term Effects of Natural Enclosure: Carbon Stocks,Sequestration Rates and Potential for Grassland Ecosystems in the Loess Plateau          下载免费PDF全文

Lei Deng  Sandra Sweeney  Zhouping Shangguan 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2014,42(5):617-625

  相似文献   

The impact of beaver dams on the morphology of a river in the eastern United States with implications for river restoration          下载免费PDF全文

Joanna Crowe Curran  Kristen M. Cannatelli 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2014,39(9):1236-1244

Restoration projects in the United States typically have among the stated goals those of increasing channel stability and sediment storage within the reach. Increased interest in ecologically based restoration techniques has led to the consideration of introducing beavers to degraded channels with the hope that the construction of beaver dams will aggrade the channel. Most research on beaver dam modification to channels has focused on the long‐term effects of beavers on the landscape with data primarily from rivers in the western United States. This study illustrated that a role exists for beavers in the restoration of fine‐grained, low gradient channels. A channel on the Atlantic Coastal Plain was analyzed before, during, and after beaver dams were constructed to evaluate the lasting impact of the beaver on channel morphology. The channel was actively evolving in a former reservoir area upstream of a dam break. Colonization by the beaver focused the flow into the channel, allowed for deposition along the channel banks, and reduced the channel width such that when the beaver dams were destroyed in a flood, there was no channel migration and net sediment storage in the reach had increased. However, the majority of the deposition occurred at the channel banks, narrowing the channel width, while the channel incised between sequential beaver dams. The study indicated that where channels are unstable laterally and bank erosion is a concern, the introduction of beavers can be a useful restoration tool. However, because of the likelihood of increased channel bed erosion in a reach with multiple beaver dams, they may not be the best solution where aggradation of an incised channel bed is the desired result. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

珊瑚礁生态修复的理论与实践     

覃祯俊  余克服  王英辉 《热带地理》2016,36(1):80-86

南海乃至全球的珊瑚礁生态系统都处于快速退化中,珊瑚礁的生态修复因此成为社会关注的热点内容,但相关理论与技术仍在探索之中。保护珊瑚礁的生态环境、避免对珊瑚礁进一步的破坏无疑是最关键的策略。对于已退化珊瑚礁的修复,初步有以下认识：1）珊瑚移植是重要的技术手段,可通过对移植后的珊瑚进行损伤组织修复、重建免疫系统、改变共生体虫黄藻系群结构等增强移植珊瑚适应新环境的能力。2）园艺式养殖、养殖箱培养等是提供珊瑚移植对象的相对有效途径;人工鱼礁则是协助珊瑚建立发育基底的重要手段;营造和维持适合珊瑚生长的环境有助于提高珊瑚礁生态修复成效。3）可借助水流扩散、幼虫附着和变态行为的化学诱导、微地形对幼虫附着的帮助等可促进珊瑚浮浪幼虫的传播和存活。4）通过杂交等手段改变珊瑚及其共生虫黄藻的基因类型,提升珊瑚对环境的耐受能力和恢复潜力等技术则仍处于实验室试验阶段。  相似文献   

宁洱6.4级地震考察研究综述     

张建国  周光全  崔建文  孙景江  戴君武  苏桂武  刘爱文  李永强  刘本玉 《地震研究》2012,35(1):151-155,158

基于2007年6月3日云南宁洱6.4级地震现场近场强震与流动数字地震观测、各类建筑结构及生命线工程震害调查、政府及民众应急处置与响应调查等基础工作,结合云南多年积累的大量地震现场调查资料与认识,开展了震区各类建筑结构及生命线工程震害特征与机理、强震动观测与地震烈度分布关系、灾区恢复重建资金评估方法、政府应急处置与普通群众个体认知状况以及地壳结构、震源特性、强震动频谱与农居抗震调查等方面的综合分析与研究等工作。归纳和总结了可供我国其它多震地区在城市发展规划、工程结构抗震、地震应急管理和地震灾区恢复重建等领域参考和借鉴的技术、方法、措施和经验。  相似文献