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51.
大洋钻探计划与古海洋学的发展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
介绍了大洋钻探（包括其前射深海钻探）计划，阐述了古海洋学在这外计划实施的推动下所获得的巨大进展，大洋钻促进并完美了大洋沉积的高分辨率的浮游生物带的建立，并确定了各带个的绝对年龄，最精细达１０万年或更短；揭示出大洋热结构在地质历史上的变化，如晚白垩世时全球大洋无冰，温度大大高于今日，早渐新世开妈形成冰冷的南极底部水，促使大洋的热结构产生相应的变化；也查明了大洋的碳酸盐补偿深度在地质历史时期的变化及各 相似文献
52.
Richard W. Murray Beth A. Christensen James L. Kalbas Kelly A. Kryc 《Marine Geology》2002,180(1-4):133-150
We have analyzed 33 Pliocene bulk sediment samples from Ocean Drilling Program Site 1085 in the Cape Basin, located offshore of western Africa in the Angola–Benguela Current system, for 17 major and trace elements, and interpreted their associations and temporal variations in the context of an allied data set of CaCO3, opal, and Corg. We base our interpretations on elemental ratios, accumulation rates, inter-element correlations, and several multi-element statistical techniques. On the basis of qualitative assessment of downhole changes in the distributions of P and Ba, utilized as proxies of export production, we conclude that highs in bulk and biogenic accumulation that occur at 3.2 Ma, 3.0 Ma, 2.4 Ma, and 2.25 Ma were caused by increases in export production as well as terrigenous flux, and record a greater sequestering of organic matter during these time periods. Studies of refractory elements and other indicator proxies (SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, MgO, V, Cr, Sr, and Zr) strongly suggest that the terrigenous component of the bulk sediment is composed of two compositional end-members, one being ‘basaltic’ in composition and the other similar to an ‘average shale’. The basaltic end-member comprises approximately 10–15% of the total bulk sediment and its presence is consistent with the local geology of source material in the drainage basin of the nearby Orange River. The increase in bulk accumulation at 2.4 Ma appears to reflect a greater relative increase in basaltic input than the relative increase in shale-type input. Although studies such as this cannot precisely identify the transport mechanisms of the different terrigenous components, these results are most consistent with variations in sea level (and associated changes in shelf geometry and fluvial input) being responsible for the changing depositional conditions along the Angolan Margin during this time period. 相似文献
53.
白垩纪大洋红层：特征、分布与成因 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
“白垩纪大洋红层”（CORB）自20世纪末正式提出后已经迅速成为白垩纪新的研究方向之一。本文在参考国外CORB的学术研究成果基础上,重点对我们在西藏南部和意大利中部两个研究程度较高地区所获得的立典研究成果予以详细介绍,同时对CORB的全球性对比进行总结和归纳,对大洋红层蕴涵的古海洋、古气候信息进行详细评述。我们认为,CORB是沉积物在原地氧化条件下的产物,导致该氧化条件出现的主要因素是底层水高含量的溶解氧,而深层古洋流的发育很可能是导致高溶解氧含量的主要原因。 相似文献
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Carbon isotope stratigraphy of the Late Jurassic and earliest Cretaceous was revealed from Torinosu‐type limestone, which was deposited in a shallow‐marine setting in the western Paleo‐Pacific, in Japan. Two sections were examined; the Nakanosawa section of the late Kimmeridgian to early Tithonian age (Fukushima Prefecture, Northeast Japan), and the Furuichi section of the late Kimmeridgian to early Berriasian age (Ehime Prefecture, Southwest Japan). The age‐model was established using Sr isotope ratio and fossil occurrence. The limestone samples have a low Mn/Sr ratio (mostly <0.5) and lack a distinct correlation between δ13C and δ18O, indicating a low degree of diagenetic alteration. Our composite δ13C profile from the two limestone sections shows three stratigraphic correlation points that can be correlated with the profiles of relevant ages from the Alpine Tethyan region: a large‐amplitude fluctuation (the lower upper Kimmeridgian, ～152 Ma), a positive anomaly (above the Kimmeridgian/Tithonian boundary, ～150 Ma), and a negative anomaly (the upper lower Tithonian, ～148 Ma). In addition, we found that δ13C values of the Torinosu‐type limestone are ～1‰ lower than the Tethyan values in the late Kimmeridgian. This inter‐regional difference in δ13C values is likely to have resulted from a higher productivity and/or an organic burial in the Tethyan region. The difference gradually reduces and disappears in the late Tithonian, where the Tethyan and our δ13C records show similar stable values of 1.5–2.0‰. This isotopic homogenization is probably due to changes in the continental distribution and the global ocean circulation, which propagated the 13C‐depleted signature from the larger Paleo‐Pacific to the smaller Tethys Ocean during this time. 相似文献
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西太平洋DSDP451孔晚中新世—第四纪的微体化石群及其古海洋学意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
赵泉鸿 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2000,20(2):51-56
西太平洋 DSDP45 1孔 (18°0 0 .88′N、143°16 .5 7′E,水深 2 0 6 0 m)的微体化石群和底栖有孔虫的同位素变化揭示了研究区中新世晚期以来的古海洋学演变及其重大事件。介形类化石群由晚中新世—早上新世 (超微化石 NN11- 13/ 14带 )的 Cytheropteron组合向早上新世—第四纪 (NN15～ 2 1带 )的 K rithe组合转变及 K rithe丰度的连续上升 ,很可能指示了西马里亚纳海岭自中新世以来下沉幅度达千米左右 ,水团由早期的中层水逐渐被深层水替代。底栖有孔虫 Cibicidoides wuellerstorfiδ1 8O在 NN11带晚期至 NN12带早期急剧变轻 ,反映了中新世末期碳偏移的全球事件。在 NN12带晚期至 NN16带早期 ,δ1 8O比其现代值轻 0 .5 5‰ ,推测早—中上新世暖期时底层水温要比现代高约 2℃左右 ;介形类的新生速率大于灭绝速率指示当时为有利底栖生物的时期。 δ1 8O最急剧的转变发生在 NN16和 NN17的过渡带 (距今约 2 .5 Ma) ,增值达 1.0‰ ,并在此后保持高值 ,标记北极冰盖的形成和北半球冰期气候的开始 相似文献
56.
古海洋生产力的研究方法 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
海洋的初级生产力控制了温室气体CO2在海洋和大气中的分配,进而影响着全球气候变迁,只有通过运用不同的生产力标志物才能探讨地质历史上海洋初级生产力的变迁及其对气候的影响。介绍了国内外在古海洋生产力研究领域内使用的主要方法和动态,并分别对生源物质累积率、底栖有孔虫标志物和地球化学标志物等研究方法进行了全面的分析和评述,指出在运用生产力标志物研究古生产力时应充分考虑不同标志物的适用性和局限性。 相似文献
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58.
Reed P. Scherer 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1994,12(2):171-179
The determination of absolute abundances of diatoms in paleolimnological and paleoceanographic studies is now becoming a routine step in diatom paleoecological investigations. Several distinct methods have been described for establishing absolute diatom abundance. Each of these methods has its own strengths and weaknesses. The most common weakness in diatom preparation methods is the use of aliquot subsampling from an assumed well-mixed diatom suspension. Described here is a simple, efficient and inexpensive method that utilizes settling of diatoms through a 10 cm water column, which yields an effectively random distribution, and uses no aliquot subsampling. Only a few milligrams of sample are needed, permitting microstratigraphic analysis of, for example, individual varves. The method is shown to be both reproducible and accurate for sediments ranging in diatom concentration from less than 10 million to more than one billion diatoms per gram. Multiple slides or SEM stubs can be simultaneously prepared. The method works well for the analysis of most silt-sized microfossils or other sedimentary particles. 相似文献
59.
Heather M. Stoll Christine M. Klaas Ian Probert Jorge Ruiz Encinar J. Ignacio Garcia Alonso 《Global and Planetary Change》2002,34(3-4)
Five common placolith-bearing coccolithophorid algae—Gephyrocapsa oceanica, Coccolithus pelagicus, Calcidiscus leptoporus, Umbilicosphaera sibogae (var. sibogae and var. foliosa), and Emiliania huxleyi—were cultured to investigate controls on Sr partitioning in coccolith calcite. For identical temperature and media composition, Sr partitioning varies by more than 30% in exponential phase cultures of the five species and is linearly related to rates of calcite production/cell (ρ=0.91). Exponential phase culture experiments with three strains of C. leptoporus and six strains of G. oceanica at varying temperatures show variations in Sr partitioning of 20% and 30%, respectively. With C. leptoporus, Sr partitioning is equally correlated with temperature and calcification rate (ρ=0.8), which themselves are highly correlated; the slope of the relationship between DSr and calcification rate is comparable to that observed in all species at constant temperature. However, in G. oceanica, increased temperature appears to enhance Sr incorporation by up to 2% to 1.6% °C−1 in the range of 15 to 30 °C. The strong influence of calcification rate on Sr partitioning may be useful for inferring past variations in coccolithophorid productivity from Sr partitioning in coccolith sediments if the influence of temperature on Sr partitioning can be resolved. Because the relationship between calcite production and Sr partitioning is linear, a proportional change in calcification should be expressed much more strongly in the Sr/Ca ratio of large species with rapid calcite production than in smaller species, which produce calcite more slowly. Consequently, it may be possible to separate temperature and calcification influences on coccolith Sr/Ca by separately analyzing Sr/Ca in species that produce calcite rapidly and those that produce calcite slowly, if both undergo comparable relative changes in calcification rates. 相似文献
60.