江陵剖面沉积物的粒度特征及其古气候意义          下载免费PDF全文

王秋良李长安  谢远云马永法 《中国地质》2006,33(6):1406-1410

通过对江汉平原江陵剖面高分辨率采样，利用激光粒度仪对沉积物粒度进行测试，分析了粒度的组成及其参数特征，结合孢粉资料和岩性特征，探讨了粒度在该区的古气候意义。结果表明，降水量较大的湿润气候条件下沉积物的粗颗粒组分明显增多；而降水量相对较少的干旱气候条件下沉积物的粗颗粒组分相对减少。通过与邻区对比．江汉平原江陵剖面沉积物粒度所揭示的该区近9000aB．P．以来的古气候变化与国内相邻区域其他指标的研究结果相一致。  相似文献   

川北若尔盖高原红原泥炭剖面孢粉记录的晚冰期以来古气候古环境的演变   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

王燕赵志中  乔彦松王书兵李朝柱  宋利峰 《地质通报》2006,25(7):827-832

利用14C测年及孢粉分析方法对位于若尔盖高原的红原泥炭剖面进行了系统研究,重建了若尔盖地区晚冰期以来古环境的演化历史,并识别在此期间发生的主要气候事件.结果表明:该区晚冰期的气候特点为冷偏干或凉偏干,冷暖波动频繁.其中,14.1～13.4、12.4～12.0和10.5～10.0 kaBP之间的冷阶段分别对应于Oldest Dryas、Older Dryas及Younger Dryas事件;发生于12.6～12.4和12.0～10.5kaBP左右的暖阶段分别对应于Bolling及Allerod暖期.Younger Dryas事件之后,气候总体以温湿为主要特征,8.9～8.7和6.1～5.8kaBP之间的明显降温为全新世期间的2次冷事件.孢粉记录所反映的若尔盖地区晚冰期以来的气候演化与全球气候变化具有较好的可比性.  相似文献   

天山东段“北天山洋”构造涵义及演化模式再认识     

王国灿  张孟  张雄华  康磊  廖群安  郭瑞禄  王玮 《地质学报》2022,96(10):3494-3513

准噶尔-吐哈地块与伊犁-中天山地块之间分布着多条时代和类型各不相同的古生代蛇绿混杂岩带,前人一般将这些蛇绿混杂岩统一视为北天山洋盆的纪录,并由此推断该洋盆的时代跨度至少始自寒武纪并一直持续到晚石炭世甚至二叠纪。本文基于近几年在东天山地区地质调查工作的新成果,通过新界定的以康古尔塔格-大草滩蛇绿混杂岩带为代表的北天山洋两侧志留纪—泥盆纪活动大陆边缘物源性质和生物古地理对比,对北天山洋的构造属性和演化过程进行了重新厘定。研究揭示,志留纪—早泥盆世,北天山洋两侧的准噶尔-吐哈地块和伊犁-中天山地块分属于不同的物源体系和生物古地理区系,指示该洋盆具有显著的构造古地理分隔意义。至中泥盆世,北天山洋两侧隶属同一生物大区的珊瑚动物群指示该洋盆已演化至残余洋盆阶段;晚泥盆世晚期—早石炭世,天山地区广泛分布的陆相磨拉石-火山岩建造与下伏岩系之间的区域性角度不整合关系以及南北两侧物源的相互贯通说明东天山段的北天山洋已完全闭合,南北陆块的碰撞缝合应发生在此前的晚泥盆世早期(~370 Ma)。 石炭纪—早二叠世,可能受南部南天山洋北向俯冲及板片后撤作用影响,在前期已经碰撞拼合形成的统一准噶尔- 吐哈-中天山地块之上,沿康古尔-雅山一带重新裂解出具不成熟洋壳的康古尔弧后有限洋盆。该有限洋盆存续至 早二叠世早期(~290 Ma)最终闭合,其与北天山洋盆是两个不同阶段不同性质的洋盆体系。  相似文献   

南天山哈拉奇地区地球化学异常特征及地质意义     

宋贺民 《地质与勘探》2014,50(Z1):1344-1351

此区开展1/5万水系沉积物测量的目的是为了解区内元素的地球化学特征和分布、分配规律,圈定异常,查明异常与地质、矿产的关系。本文分析了区内元素的相关性、因子组合及其地质意义,认为异常（高值区）严格受喀拉铁克断裂带、可牙克断裂带、塔什纳拉他乌断裂带、热液活动、脉岩等其中某几种因素联合控制。根据异常特征与成矿地质条件,圈定了三处成矿矿远景区,即喀拉铁克成矿远景区、布隆成矿远景区、萨喀尔得成矿远景区,其中喀拉铁克成矿远景区意义重大,为该区下一步的找矿工作指明了方向。  相似文献   

Chemical and Isotopic Characteristics of the Water and Suspended Particulate Materials in the Yangtze River and Their Geological and Environmental Implications     

DING Tiping  GAO Jianfei  TIAN Shihong  SHI Guoyu  CHEN Feng  WANG Chengyu  LUO Xurong  HAN Dan 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(1):276-360

The chemical and isotopic characteristics of the water and suspended particulate materials（SPM） in the Yangtze River were investigated on the samples collected from 25 hydrological monitoring stations in the mainsteam and 13 hydrological monitoring stations in the major tributaries during 2003 to 2007. The water samples show a large variation in both δD（ 30‰ to 112‰） and δ18O（ 3.8‰ to 15.4‰） values. Both δD and δ18O values show a decrease from the river head to the Jinsha Jiang section and then increase downstream to the river mouth. It is found that the oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions of the Yangtze water are controlled by meteoric precipitation, evaporation, ice（and snow） melting and dam building. The Yangtze SPM concentrations show a large variation and are well corresponded to the spatial and temporal changes of flow speed, runoff and SPM supply, which are affected by the slope of the river bed, local precipitation rate, weathering intensity, erosion condition and anthropogenic activity. The Yangtze SPM consists of clay minerals, clastic silicate and carbonate minerals, heavy minerals, iron hydroxide and organic compounds. From the upper to lower reaches, the clay and clastic silicate components in SPM increase gradually, but the carbonate components decrease gradually, which may reflect changes of climate and weathering intensity in the drainage area. Compared to those of the upper crust rocks, the Yangtze SPM has lower contents of SiO2, CaO, K2 O and Na2 O and higher contents of TFe2 O3 and trace metals of Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd. The ΣREE in the Yangtze SPM is also slightly higher than that of the upper crust. From the upper to lower reaches, the CaO and MgO contents in SPM decrease gradually, but the SiO2 content increases gradually, corresponding to the increase of clay minerals and decrease of the carbonates. The δ30SiSPM values（ 1.1‰ to 0.3‰） of the Yangtze SPM are similar to those of the average shale, but lower than those of the granite rocks（ 0.3‰ to 0.3‰）, reflecting the effect of silicon isotope fractionation in silicate weathering process. The δ30SiSPM values of the Yangtze SPM show a decreasing trend from the upper to the middle and lower reaches, responding to the variation of the clay content. The major anions of the river water are HCO 3, SO 4 2, Cl, NO 3, SiO 4 4 and F and the major cations include Ca2＋, Na＋, Mg2＋, K＋ and Sr2＋. The good correlation between HCO3-content and the content of Ca2＋may suggest that carbonate dissolution is the dominate contributor to the total dissolved solid（TDS） of the Yangtze River. Very good correlations are also found among contents of Cl, SO4 2, Na＋, Mg2＋, K＋and Sr2＋, indicating the important contribution of evaporite dissolution to the TDS of the Yangtze River. High TDS contents are generally found in the head water, reflecting a strong effect of evaporation in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. A small increase of the TDS is generally observed in the river mouth, indicating the influence of tidal intrusion. The F and NO3 contents show a clear increase trend from the upstream to downstream, reflecting the contribution of pesticides and fertilizers in the Chuan Jiang section and the middle and lower reaches. The DSi shows a decrease trend from the upstream to downstream, reflecting the effect of rice and grass growth along the Chuan Jiang section and the middle and lower reaches. The dissolved Cu, Zn and Cd in the Yangtze water are all higher than those in world large rivers, reflecting the effect of intensive mining activity along the Yangtze drainage area. The Yangtze water generally shows similar REE distribution pattern to the global shale. The δ30SiDiss values of the dissolved silicon vary from 0.5‰ to 3.7‰, which is the highest among those of the rivers studied. The δ30SiDiss values of the water in the Yangtze mainsteam show an increase trend from the upper stream to downstream. Its DSi and δ30SiDiss are influenced by multiple processes, such as weathering process, phytolith growth in plants, evaporation, phytolith dissolution, growth of fresh water diatom, adsorption and desorption of aqueous monosilicic acid on iron oxide, precipitation of silcretes and formation of clays coatings in aquifers, and human activity. The δ34SSO4 values of the Yangtze water range from 1.7‰ to 9.0‰. The SO4 in the Yangtze water are mainly from the SO4 in meteoric water, the dissolved sulfate from evaporite, and oxidation of sulfide in rocks, coal and ore deposits. The sulfate reduction and precipitation process can also affect the sulfur isotope composition of the Yangtze water. The87Sr/86Sr ratios of the Yangtze water range from 0.70823 to 0.71590, with an average value of 0.71084. The87Sr/86Sr ratio and Sr concentration are primary controlled by mixing of various sources with different87Sr/86Sr ratios and Sr contents, including the limestone, evaporite and the silicate rocks. The atmospheric precipitation and anthropogenic inputs can also contribute some Sr to the river. The δ11B values of the dissolved B in the Yangtze water range from 2.0‰ to 18.3‰, which is affected by multifactors, such as silicate weathering, carbonate weathering, evaporite dissolution, atmospheric deposition, and anthropogenic inputs.  相似文献   

小兴安岭北部孙吴地区早侏罗世埃达克岩与嫩黑构造带活化的成生关系     

郑涛  金哲岩  王兴  刘旭光  苏航 《地质与资源》2017,26(3):221

对孙吴地区石英二长闪长岩进行了系统的年代学和地球化学研究.LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示其形成时代为（174.9±1.2） Ma,为早侏罗世晚期岩浆岩侵入体.岩石学和地球化学研究表明,岩石高SiO₂和Al₂O₃,低MgO,相对富Na （Na₂O/K₂O为1.51~2.53）;Sr>400×10^-6,Y ≤ 18×10^-6,Yb ≤ 1.9×10^-6,轻重稀土分馏明显,（La/Yb）_N为12.32~22.45,无明显的Eu负异常,显示了埃达克岩的地球化学特征,结合其较低的Cr、Ni含量和Rb/Sr比值以及相对较高的Mg^#,推测其形成于增厚下地壳的部分熔融,并受地幔物质混染.综合区域地质特征,初步认为研究区埃达克岩的形成是在蒙古-鄂霍次克造山带的构造体制下,受嫩江-黑河构造带活化影响,孙吴地区早侏罗世处于陆内伸展的构造环境.  相似文献