星云湖表层沉积物矿物组成及其环境意义   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

张世涛  宋学良  张子雄  冯庆来  刘本培 《地球科学进展》2003,18(6):928-932

星云湖表层沉积物中的矿物成分主要为粘土矿物、碳酸盐矿物、长英质矿物和铁矿物。从下往上方解石和石英具有消长变化规律,即从下往上方解石含量迅速增加,而石英含量则逐渐降低。这种规律性变化与沉积物中CaO和烧失量的变化具有明显的正相关性。它反映了近年来湖泊富营养化有加剧的趋势。星云湖表层沉积物矿物成分的垂向变化与环境变化的对比分析研究表明,沉积物中自生方解石含量的变化可以灵敏地指示湖泊环境变化,是环境变化研究中一个良好的环境替代指标。  相似文献   

Geochemical tracers of northern Portuguese estuarine sediments on the shelf     

M. F. Araújo  J. -M. Jouanneau  P. Valrio  T. Barbosa  A. Gouveia  O. Weber  A. Oliveira  A. Rodrigues  J. M. A. Dias 《Progress in Oceanography》2002,52(2-4)

The northern Portuguese coastal zone is drained by large Iberian rivers, along which there is intensive industrial, agricultural and urban activity. Offshore of the two main river basins of the Douro and Minho, two fine-grained sedimentary formations can be characterised. A geochemical study of this sediment cover has been performed focussing in particular on the fine deposits and the adjacent estuaries. The chemical composition of superficial sediments collected from the northern Portuguese shelf and from the river basins of the Minho and Douro rivers was determined for major, minor and trace elements; the rare earth elements (REE) composition was also determined in selected samples. Statistical analyses of these data for the shelf sediments allow us to identify elements with similar behaviours and the different sediment types along the shelf, and to evaluate of their origins. Downcore profiles of the chemical composition of the fine sediments reveal no evidence for changes induced by recent human activities. To assess the influence of the rivers on the fine sedimentary formations, the elemental distribution patterns of selected sediments have been compared with the estuarine sediments. Lithogenic elements composition normalised to Al and the shale normalised REE distributions showed there are similarities between the Douro River sediments and the sediment composition of the Douro and Galicia mud patches. However, the Galicia mud field showed no relationship in its chemical composition to sediments derived from the Minho River. Nor was any evidence for heavy metal contamination originating from the Douro estuary detected in anthropogenic element/Al ratios in the shelf sediments. This may be because of processes associated with resuspension, complexation and bioturbation that occur during sediment transport and deposition. Nevertheless, the Douro River seems to be the main continental source of fine sediments being deposited on the northern Portuguese shelf.  相似文献   

Processes controlling solubility of biogenic silica and pore water build-up of silicic acid in marine sediments   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Suvasis Dixit  Philippe Van Cappellen  A. Johan van Bennekom 《Marine Chemistry》2001,73(3-4)

Dissolution experiments in batch and flow-through reactors were combined with data on sediment composition and pore water silicic acid profiles to identify processes controlling the solubility of biogenic silica and the build-up of silicic acid in marine sediments. The variability of experimentally determined biogenic silica solubilities is due, in part, to variations in specific surface area and Al content of biosiliceous materials. Preferential dissolution of delicate skeletal structures and frustules with high surface areas leads to a progressive decrease of the specific surface area. This may cause a reduction of the solubility of deposited biosiliceous debris by 10–15%, relative to fresh planktonic assemblages. Dissolution of lithogenic (detrital) minerals in sediments releases dissolved aluminum to the pore waters. This aluminum becomes structurally incorporated into deposited biogenic silica, further decreasing its solubility. Compared to Al-free biogenic silica, the solubility of diatom frustules is lowered by as much as 25% when one out of every 70 Si atoms is substituted by an Al(III) ion.The build-up of silicic acid in pore waters of sediments with variable proportions of detrital matter and biogenic silica was simulated in batch experiments using kaolinite and basalt as model detrital constituents. The steady-state silicic acid concentrations measured in the experiments decreased with increasing detrital-to-opal ratios of the mixtures. This trend is similar to the observed inverse relationship between asymptotic pore water silicic acid concentrations and detrital-to-opal ratios in Southern Ocean sediments. Flow-through reactor experiments further showed that in detrital-rich sediments, precipitation of authigenic alumino-silicates may prevent the pore waters from reaching equilibrium with the dissolving biogenic silica. This agrees with data from Southern Ocean sediments where, at sites containing more than 30 wt.% detrital material, the pore waters remain undersaturated with respect to the experimentally determined in situ solubility of biogenic silica.The results of the study show that interactions between deposited biogenic silica and detrital material cause large variations in the asymptotic silicic acid concentration of marine sediments. The production of Al(III) by the dissolution of detrital minerals affects the build-up of silicic acid by reducing the apparent silica solubility and dissolution kinetics of biosiliceous materials, and by inducing precipitation of authigenic alumino-silicate minerals.  相似文献   

新疆温宿县盐场地区水系沉积物地球化学特征及找矿效果     

李天虎  彭桥梁  王伟  高满新  熊中乙 《西北地质》2022,(1):78-92

研究区位于库车前陆坳陷盆地砂岩型铜矿带上,且与滴水铜矿位于同一成矿带上,具有较好的铜找矿前景.1 ∶ 5万水系沉积物测量成果显示,区内Cu元素背景值远低于地壳元素克拉克值,但其在苏维依组(E3s)、康村组(N1-2k)中具有较强的变异系数和较高的离差值,这说明Cu元素在以上地层中得到了富集;从元素多元统计分析来看,Cu...  相似文献   

江西龙虎山世界地质公园白垩系辫状河相沉积及其丹霞地貌发育特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱志军  黄宝华  郭福生  郑海峰  姜勇彪 《地球学报》2012,33(3):379-387

通过野外露头及相关室内研究,分析了龙虎山世界地质公园及邻区白垩系辫状河相沉积特征及其与丹霞地貌发育规律关系。研究认为:龙虎山世界地质公园丹霞地貌发育除了与冲积扇相沉积有关外,还与辫状河相沉积有关,表现为辫状河道巨厚砂体为丹霞丘陵地貌发育提供物质基础;发育于辫状河道中呈小型透镜体或扁平状、脉状体的河床滞留沉积和洪泛沉积,易风化剥蚀形成溶蚀风化崩塌型丹霞地貌。此外,多期河道的多旋回沉积交错叠置形成楔状交错层理,其层系上下界面平直,层系厚度在小范围内变化很快,层系内细层的倾向相反,为后期风化剥蚀提供了条件,易形成溶蚀风化崩塌型丹霞地貌。进一步研究发现丹霞丘陵地貌、溶蚀风化崩塌型丹霞地貌分布与辫状河相沉积平面展布具有较好的一致性,吻合度较高。本文首次研究了辫状河沉积体系与丹霞地貌发育特征的关系。  相似文献   

石炭纪-早二叠世滇黔桂盆地北缘深水区的地层序列及沉积演化          下载免费PDF全文

郄文昆  王向东 《地质科学》2012,(4):1071-1084

通过分析石炭纪-早二叠世滇黔桂盆地北缘深水区的地层序列和沉积特征,探讨沉积演化过程及其控制因素。研究区深水地层序列包括下述的9个岩石地层单元:鹿寨组(C₁lz)、巴平组(C₁bp)、下如牙组(C₁xr)、上如牙组(C₁sr)、王佑组(C₁w)、睦化组(C₁m)、打屋坝组(C₁dw)、南丹组(C₁-P₁nd)和船埠头组(C₁c),并且可以识别出4种主要的深水沉积相:台间盆地相、斜坡相、深水陆棚相和台前斜坡相,以砂岩、碳质页岩、硅质泥岩、硅质岩、钙屑碎屑岩、泥晶灰岩和白云质灰岩为主要特征,与桂西南深水盆地的差别显著。依据地层序列和沉积组合的时空分布特征,可以将石炭纪-早二叠世滇黔桂盆地北缘深水区的沉积演化划分为3个阶段: 1)裂谷作用强烈期(早石炭亚纪汤耙沟期早期); 2)裂谷作用减弱期(早石炭亚纪汤耙沟期中期-德坞期); 3)裂谷作用稳定期(晚石炭亚纪-早二叠世)。  相似文献   

太湖沉积对流域极端降水和洪水响应的研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

李永飞  于革  沈华东  胡守云  姚书春  尹刚 《沉积学报》2012,30(6):1099-1105

认识极端洪水特征和周期,急需建立长期洪水记录和序列。过去150 a来长江下游极端降水引发了多次太湖特大洪水,太湖湖泊沉积提供了长于观测资料的洪水记录。本文利用太湖中心开阔水域的近现代沉积,采用210Pb和137Cs测年法和粒度、磁学特征分析,与区域夏季降水和长江下游洪峰流量进行相关分析,恢复了太湖流域150 a来的历史洪水事件。根据长江下游极端夏季降水（Pjja≥90%百分位）和极端径流(Q≥90%百分位)以及历史文献记载,太湖流域自1840年以来约有24次特大洪水年,而湖泊沉积物砂级粒径与低频磁化率等特征能捕获与之对应的中洪水事件15次。这表明湖泊沉积记录能较好地反演过去洪水变化,为利用沉积记录认识百年极端洪水长周期变化和特征提供了沉积学、磁学等方面的科学依据。  相似文献   

若尔盖高原湖沼沉积剖面饱和烃组分特征及地球化学意义     

贾继红  白益军  王晓锋  张平中  桑文翠  张德忠  张虹  王永莉  孟仟祥 《沉积学报》2012,30(4):755-760

利用GC-MS技术对若尔盖高原一湖沼沉积剖面（深346 cm）沉积有机质的饱和烃馏分进行了分析,结合已有的AMS 14C年代、剖面岩性和TOC资料,探讨了该剖面分子化石分布特征及其相关参数对有机物来源、微生物活动和气候变化等环境信息的指示意义。分析表明,中高碳数占绝对优势的正构烷烃反映了有机物主要来源于高等植物,且草本高等植物输入丰富;岩相、TOC和Pr/Ph比值很好地指示了该剖面沉积物从早全新世（约11.4~7.3 cal ka BP,深度346~203 cm）强还原深湖条件到中全新世（约7.3~4.5 cal ka BP,>203 cm）弱还原沼泽条件的演化过程,正构烷烃参数奇偶优势（OEP1和OEP2）、C25/C31和轻烃/重烃比值（∑C21-/∑C22+）详细反映了这种水文演变过程中生物源的变化,尤其剖面120 cm以上很可能有泥炭藓(Sphagnum)的重要输入,而且敏感地指示了剖面120 cm以上有机物遭受了明显的微生物改造作用,从而引起正构烷烃组分的改变。另外,在约9.8~8.6 cal ka BP（深度286~240 cm）期间剖面岩性及其以上各项代用指标发生明显快速变化,说明早全新世若尔盖高原气候相对暖湿阶段具有不稳定性。  相似文献   

水城-紫云-南丹裂陷盆地晚古生代硅质沉积物地球化学特征及其地质意义   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

黄虎  杜远生  杨江海  陶平  黄宏伟  黄志强  谢春霞  胡丽莎 《地质学报》2012,86(12):1994-2010

水城-紫云-南丹裂陷盆地位于右江盆地北缘,晚古生代该盆地内广泛分布包括硅质岩在内的碳酸盐岩台盆相沉积,其沉积组合及地球化学特征不同于大陆架型以及增生杂岩中硅质岩。对盆地内硅质沉积物的地球化学特征研究表明,南丹上泥盆统榴江组底部和河池中下二叠统四大寨组硅质沉积物多为基性火山喷发相关的火山热液成因,其具有较低的Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)值和Al2O3/TiO2值,紫云中下二叠统四大寨组硅质沉积物的Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)值和Al2O3/TiO2值分别为0.62±0.16和11.70±4.30,为含有火山碎屑的非热液成因,其他硅质沉积物多为正常海相沉积。晚泥盆世—早石炭世盆地内硅质沉积物多与泥岩和灰岩共生,硅质沉积物常具有中等Ce负异常(多在0.60～0.85之间)以及较高的Y/Ho值(多在30～45之间),除去SiO2稀释作用的影响后,其具有较低的稀土元素含量(∑REE+Y含量相当于PAAS组成的3倍以下)。而伴随着盆地的裂陷和扩张,到早中二叠世,盆地内硅质沉积物多与深灰色厚层灰岩共生,硅质沉积物常具有明显的Ce负异常(0.06～0.61)以及与开阔洋盆海水相似的Y/Ho值(40～92),除去SiO2稀释作用的影响后,其具有较高的稀土元素含量(∑REE+Y含量相当于PAAS组成的2倍以上)。  相似文献   

三亚近岸海域表层沉积物微量元素地球化学特征          下载免费PDF全文

张从伟  瞿洪宝  熊元凯  韩孝辉  龙根元  仝长亮 《海洋学研究》2021,39(3):72-83

为了解三亚近岸海域沉积物地球化学特征,测定了331个站位的表层沉积物23种微量元素含量;利用多元统计法进行相关性及R型因子分析,探讨研究区元素的来源、分布特征及其控制因素。微量元素含量测定结果表明,Sr、Ba、Zr、Rb元素平均值比其他元素高;Be、Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd、Sb、Pb、U、Zr、Ba、Sc、V、Ga等15种元素含量与海南岛水系沉积物、表层土壤、深层土壤接近,推测沉积物主要来自海南岛。各元素在研究区的空间分布比较复杂,在中部和东部,以Li为代表的15种微量元素随离岸距离增加含量增大;Cd、Sb、Zr、Ba、Rb、Sr、As、Hg的分布特征与其他微量元素相比差异明显。Li等15种元素来源与分布主要受陆源黏土矿物吸附作用控制,Sr主要受海洋生源沉积作用的控制,Zr主要受重矿物的控制,Ba和Rb主要受研究区地质背景控制,而Cd和As的来源与分布则与人类活动有关。  相似文献