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The Shoreline Cleanup Assessment Team (SCAT) process is a tool to assess oiled shorelines and is now an integral component of spill response operations. The key element of a SCAT survey is a systematic documentation using standard terms and definitions of the shoreline in the areas affected by an oil spill. SCAT programs were initially established to provide objective and accurate shoreline oiling information directly to cleanup operations. The role of the SCAT program has since expanded and the information generated by the field teams is used now by planners and decision-makers and to develop shoreline treatment recommendations, to select appropriate treatment techniques, and to establish the level or degree of treatment that is appropriate. This latter point is an integral part of establishing shoreline treatment criteria or standards and treatment end points. 相似文献
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作为从出山口至入海河口直线距离仅约20 km的短途河流,小凌河下游地区及相邻潮间带表层发育了砾石质冲洪积扇、曲流河道滞留相-点状砂坝-泛滥平原与洼地、贝壳砾石海滩、盐沼、开放潮坪下部与中上部等一系列沉积环境。通过沉积地层学、年代地层学及新构造等方面的综合研究,1)将中、晚全新世地层划分为7个年代地层单元,2)发现了夏-西周、元末-明初两道年龄分别约为2 050～650 BC和1 350 AD的古海岸线,3)确立了春秋、中唐-北宋初、"小冰期"结束以来3次小凌河沉积期,最有可能发育的时间进一步限定在约650～400 BC(第1期)、约700～1 000 A(D第2期)和1 850 AD以来(第3期),4)提出了NW向与NE向构造加剧小凌河下游曲流发育的假说。 相似文献
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This paper summarises the evidence for glacial ice advance into lower Glen Spean during the Loch Lomond Stadial which involved the blockage of westward-flowing drainage to form a series of ice-dammed lakes, the former surfaces of which are marked by prominent shorelines. Detailed mapping of glacigenic landforms and instrumental levelling of the shorelines reveals a dynamic interplay between the glacier margins and lake formation. Subsequent deglaciation led to lowering of the lake levels, at times by catastrophic drainage beneath the ice (jökulhlaup). The abandoned shorelines have been warped and dislocated in numerous places as a result of glacio-isostatic deformation, faulting and landslip activity. The pattern of retreat of the ice can be deduced from the mapped distributions of retreat moraines and the levelled altitudes of numerous kame and fluvial terrace fragments. The sequence of events outlined in this paper provides important context for understanding the evolution of the landscape of the Glen Roy area during the Loch Lomond Stadial, and a prelude to more recent studies reported in other contributions to this thematic issue. 相似文献
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渤海新近纪古湖发育的直接证据 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
通过渤海5口钻井的沉积有机质分析,以沉积有机质中浮游藻类丰度和类型、无定形有机质含量变化以及地层序列中富藻沉积层发育程度。作为指示湖相沉积环境发育的标志,确定渤海新近纪湖相沉积层的分布特征及渤海古坳陷湖的发育特征。分析表明,浮游藻类和无定形有机质含量高的层段在馆陶组和明下段都有分布,但发育最好的是在明下段下部。这是渤海新近纪湖相沉积地层存在的直接证据。从湖相沉积发育的差异看,馆陶组和明化镇组时期的古湖有着不同的特征,馆陶组早期渤海的湖泊可能很小,馆陶组中、晚期为湖泊扩张期,从含浮游藻类和无定形有机质沉积层纵向变化频繁出现可以看出浅湖沉积环境的不稳定性。新近纪古湖的盛期是在明下段下部沉积时段,当时渤海淡水湖泊普遍存在。 相似文献
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Isabelle McMartin 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2000,24(3):293-315
Detailed mapping and elevation measurements of glacial lake shorelines in the Flin Flon region has permitted the reconstruction of 6 well-defined levels of Lake Agassiz formed around 8.3 ka to 7.9 ka 14C BP. The Stonewall, The Pas, Gimli, Grand Rapids, Drunken Point and Ponton paleo-water planes have been tilted upward to the northeast in the Holocene, with gradients decreasing, from the highest to the lowest level, from about 0.34 m km-1 to 0.22 m km-1 in the study area. The Setting level, lower than the Ponton but less well defined, is also documented here for the first time. This mapping conclusively refutes the view, entrenched in the literature from the 1890's to the 1960's, that there has been negligible differential uplift in the region following final drainage of Lake Agassiz. The finding has major consequences regarding correlation of glacial lakes across the mid-continent, the post-glacial history of large lakes in the region, and for interpretation of earth rheology and its implications for ice sheet reconstruction. 相似文献
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云南迪庆小中甸古湖的形成演化及其与石鼓古湖和金沙江河谷发育的关系 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
在云南迪庆高原上的中甸和小中甸盆地中,可以见到3套第四纪湖相沉积物。第一套湖相与三角洲相沉积物分布于中甸盆地的东南部,因其含有丰富的哺乳动物化石而可确定其时代为早更新世。第二套厚逾百米的湖相沉积物分布于小中甸盆地,往往构成小中甸河5级河流阶地的基座。本文用光释光(OSL)和U系法测定了采自盆地东部的小中甸林业局东北侧和盆地中部的单高地两剖面6个湖相沉积物样品的年龄。测试结果表明,该套湖相沉积物的中部到顶部的年龄为147.2±13.9~67.57±5.30ka BP,属于中更新世晚期至晚更新世早中期。第三套湖相沉积为以纳帕海为代表的现代湖沼沉积。两剖面各层位湖相沉积样品的介形类以Li mnocythere-Leucocythere-Candona-Eucypris为特征,应是中、晚更新世以来所沉积的。本文认为,早在上新世早中期,金沙江已经在其现今的位置上存在。上新世晚期至早更新世广泛发育的断陷活动并不影响金沙江的流动。中更新世时期,金沙江河谷不同地段可因冰川、冰水、崩塌、滑坡或泥石流等堆积物的堰塞而形成湖泊,邻近的石鼓古湖8万多年前被金沙江再次贯通而消失。作为金沙江支流的小中甸河在6万多年前将小中甸古湖泄空,在小中甸盆地中发育了以第二套湖相沉积为基座的5级河流阶地。 相似文献
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Exposures of upper Paleozoic slates of the metamorphic basement near Concepción, central Chile, are covered by transgressive deposits belonging to the Upper Cretaceous Quiriquina Formation. Presence of clusters of the bivalve boring Gastrochaenolites isp. at the irregular and erosive contact between these two units indicates the development of an ancient rocky shoreline, illustrating a rare example of bioerosion in a metamorphic substrate. Coarse-grained deposits mantling the bioeroded surface represent a transgressive lag produced due to ravinement. In sequence-stratigraphic parlance, the bioeroded surface is classified as a FS/SB or co-planar surface formed due to amalgamation of erosion during lowstand and the subsequent transgression. Unburrowed trough cross-bedded upper-shoreface to intensely bioturbated middle-shoreface deposits record continuous transgression. Logs bioeroded by Teredolites clavatus are also present. Middle-shoreface deposits are dominated by deep Ophiomorpha isp., commonly showing laminated infill. Thalassinoides suevicus occurs locally. Intense bioturbation also suggests that the shoreface developed in embayed shorelines, protected from oceanic waves. While rocky shorelines in limestone are characterized by a high abundance and diversity of bioerosion structures, those formed in other types of substrates contain less diverse, commonly monospecific, suites of borings. In terms of Seilacherian ichnofacies, the bioerosion structures analyzed are attributed to a low-diversity expression of the Trypanites ichnofacies. It is proposed that the Trypanites ichnofacies thus may display two expressions: an archetypal one characterized by high diversity in carbonate substrates, along with a depauperate expression in other types of substrates (e.g., metamorphic and igneous rocks). The extreme hardness of the substrate is regarded as the stress factor responsible for the reduction in ichnodiversity. 相似文献
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为查明雷琼火山群中九斗洋干玛珥湖的第四纪地层空间展布,以及埋藏古火山形态,为后续研究提供地质背景资料,采用高效、便捷的高密度电阻率法对九斗洋干玛珥湖湖盆区进行勘测,并结合钻孔岩芯的研究进行验证。得出的主要结论为：1）盆地深部地层最高电阻率可达到300 Ω?m以上,盆地中央基岩以下存在高阻地质体,推测为岩浆通道位置。岩浆经过通道溢出后横向展布,覆于沉积地层上,随后在火山口内形成湖泊,堆积第四纪湖相沉积,其火山机构与玛珥湖型火山一致;2）九斗洋干玛珥湖第四纪松散沉积地层的电阻率通常＜60 Ω?m,泥炭层电阻率最低;3）第四纪沉积总厚度为25~50 m,盆地松散沉积的岩浆岩基底总体平整,但尚有波状起伏。研究结果表明,高密度电阻率法结合钻孔验证是研究火山机构形态及火山口湖第四纪沉积空间展布的有效方法。 相似文献
40.
湖相碳酸盐氧碳同位素的相关性与生油古湖泊类型 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：15
对山东东营盆地和南海珠江口盆地早第三纪生油层中的湖相碳酸盐氧碳同位素进行了分析。结果显示，前者δ^18O多为负值，δ^13C基本为正值，两者之间相关性强，相关系数大于0．8，而后者δ^18O和δ^13C均为负值，两者不相关。通过与现代湖粕碳酸盐氧碳同位素特征的比较，得出东营盆地早第三纪生油湖泊为封闭型咸水或半咸水湖，珠江口盆地早第三纪生油湖泊为开放型淡水湖，这一结论与两盆地生油层的沉积学和古生物学证据相一致，说明利用湖相碳酸盐氧，碳同位素的特征及其相关性可以判断生油古湖泊的类型。δ 相似文献