油气成藏机理研究进展和前沿研究领域   总被引：23，自引：7，他引：23  

郝芳  邹华耀  王敏芳  杨旭升 《地质科技情报》2002,21(4):7-14

随着地质工作者刻划和认识地下地质体构成、结构的能力及研究和预测沉积盆地能量场（温度场、压力场和应力场）及其演化能力的不断提高，以流体流动和油气运移为核心的油气成藏机理研究取得了重要进展：（1）证实了油气的优势通道运移并妆步提示了优势运移通道的微观和宏观控制机制，从而使基于油气运移路径三维预测的油气藏定位预测成为可能；（2）证实了幕式快速成藏过程并初步揭示了幕式成藏的驱动机制、有利场所和地球化学识别标志，突破了油气成藏是一个缓慢渗流过程的传统模式；（3）深盆气勘探和成藏机理研究取得了进展，从而突破了背斜成藏的传统观念，使“向斜”（盆地凹陷区）成为一些盆地寻找大型天然气藏的重要场所。沉积盆地深层油气成藏过程和保存条件、活动构造背景下油气晚期快速成藏过程是油气成藏机理研究的重要前沿研究领域。  相似文献   

资源勘查图件计算机辅助编绘系统的结构分析与开发策略研究   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7  

刘刚  汪新庆等 《地质与勘探》2002,38(4):60-63

如何站在信息系统的高度来进行资源图件计算机辅助编绘系统的快速开发，是资源信息系统领域计算机应用的一个重要研究课题。在结构分析的基础上，将资源图件计算机辅助编绘系统划分为图形数据库，应用图形系统和基础图形系统3个基本部分。对于复杂资源图件的计算机辅助编绘，需要地矿点源信息系统的支持。在基础图形系统上进行专业编绘程序的二次开发是高效建立图件编绘系统的最佳途径，并需注意GIS集成应用，三维可视化，人工智能和参数化设计等方法的运用，而系统平台开发是复杂应用的高级阶段。该思想可应用于煤及油气勘探，工程开发，矿区管理及区域地质等诸多领域的软件开发中。  相似文献   

Implications of the relationship between catchment vegetation type and the variability of annual runoff   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Murray C. Peel  Thomas A. McMahon  Brian L. Finlayson  Fred G. R. Watson 《水文研究》2002,16(15):2995-3002

The impact of changing catchment vegetation type on mean annual runoff has been known for some time, however, the impact on the variability of annual runoff has been established only recently. Differences in annual actual evapotranspiration between vegetation types and the potential effect of changing vegetation type on mean annual runoff and the variability of annual runoff are briefly reviewed. The magnitude of any change in the variability of annual runoff owing to a change in catchment vegetation type is related to the pre‐ and post‐change vegetation types and the seasonality of precipitation, assuming that the variability of annual precipitation remains constant throughout. Significant implications of the relationship between vegetation type and the variability of annual runoff are presented and discussed for water resource management, stream ecology and fluvial geomorphology. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

区域水资源开发模式研究   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

孙才志 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2002,32(1):46-50

正确的不资源开发模式对于指导合理开发利用区域水资源并最大限度降低环境生态负效应具有重要的意义。以松嫩盆地为例，根据研究区内的水文、水文地质条件，应用模糊集理论与方法确定出松嫩盆地各县市的水资源开发模式，并对各种开发模式做了简要论述。  相似文献   

低温电镀孕镶金刚石石油取心钻头研制与应用     

李大佛  李天明等 《地球科学》2002,27(1):120-126

该钻头用于坚硬地层取心。河南油田以往常用园柱聚晶、三角聚晶钻头以及烧结孕镶金刚石钻头，取心效率低、钻速慢、成本高。近两年采用低温电镀孕镶金刚石钻头取心后，平均单筒进尺由原来的4．20m／筒提高到7．62m/筒，平均取心机械钻速由原来的0．21m/h提高到的0.84m/h。该钻头生产工艺完全改变原来高温（1000℃以上）烧结为低温（室温）电镀工艺，极大地避免了金刚石热损伤，采用高强度大颗粒的金刚石，提高了取心机械钻速。  相似文献   

中国煤系高岭岩(土)资源成矿机理与开发利用   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

刘钦甫  杨晓杰  张鹏飞  卞建玲 《矿物学报》2002,22(4):359-364

中国含煤地层中高岭岩（土）分布广泛，成矿时代多，成因复杂，储量丰富，质地优良，是一种重要的自然资源和非金属矿产，具有极高的开发利用价值，在全世界独具特色。本文研究了中国煤系高岭岩（土）资源概况、研究简史；根据成分、结构、地质产状等特征，提出了中国煤系高岭岩（土）的成因类型；对生物和有机质在其形成中的作用进行了分析和探讨，并结合有机酸溶解矿物模拟实验对其成矿作用做了初步探索；最后对煤系高岭岩的某些关键性加工技术进行了简述。  相似文献   

Division of Gas Accumulation System and Laws Controlling Distribution of Natural Gas in Typical Petroliferous Basins of China     

JIANG Zhenxue  Pang Xiongqi  Jin Zhijun  Chen Dongxia 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2002,13(4)

Considering the existing problems of the petroleum system, this paper brings forward the concept of natural gas accumulation system and presents the dividing principles. Then detailed statistics on the accumulation factors of the 32 typical natural gas accumulation systems in China and studies on the laws controlling distribution of gas are collected. The research shows that the petroleum accumulation system is the basic unit controlling petroleum generation, migration and accumulation. Generating intensity, generating amount, accumulating efficiency and migration distance plays an important role in the distribution of natural gas. Through analysis on results of resources evaluation, discovered reserves and residual reserves, potential areas in middle-scaled petroliferous basins in China are forecasted in this paper. Ordos, Sichuan, Tarim and Qaidam basins are found out to be the main basins developing and enriching gas accumulation systems.  相似文献   

Agricultural land use in the coastal area of the Alexander von Humboldt National Park, Cuba and its implication for conservation and sustainability     

A. Wezel  S. Bender 《GeoJournal》2002,57(4):241-249

In the Alexander von Humboldt National Park in eastern Cuba many endemic animals and plants are found in various different natural habitats, which are considered to be the most important ones for in-situ conservation in the entire Insular Caribbean. In some areas of the National Park agriculture is practised. Thus, the objective of this study was to document and analyse the different land use activities and their consequences for local resource management and conservation of biodiversity in two village areas. A particular question was: what has changed since the foundation of the National Park in 1996? As time series data for land use and aerial photographs were not available for this part of Cuba, a qualitative evaluation was carried out. For this, six different land use units were mapped in 2001 and additional information gathered for areas with special interest related to sustainable land use and resource conservation. Although most parts of the study area are influenced to various degrees by human impact, the different types of land use seem presently not to have a crucial or detrimental impact on the land resources of the Alexander von Humboldt National Park. However, exploitation of the natural resources in certain areas could be improved with different management options to reach sustainability as well as to meet the conservation objectives of the National Park. This includes reduced or abandoned agricultural use of steep slopes to reduce erosion risk as well as a facilitated regeneration of natural vegetation in many parts of the study area to be able to conserve the high valuable biodiversity of the Park. Environmental education seems to have played an important and successful role since the foundation of the Park in 1996. Since then, cropping on steep slopes as well as illegal logging and poaching could be reduced.  相似文献   

21世纪黄河系统工程方略     

马蔼乃 《地理与地理信息科学》2002,18(2):41-44

该文指出 :王化云的治黄思想 ,“上拦下排、两岸分滞、蓄水拦沙、宽河固堤、除害兴利、综合利用” ,实际上是治理黄河的系统工程 ,2 1世纪应该继承和发展黄河系统工程的方略。黄河地处中国腹地 ,是中华民族的摇篮 ,当今高新科技的发展 ,足以从更大的范围 ,以全国的水资源、土资源为核心来考虑黄河的建设。统一计算水资源中的大气水、地表水、地下水、壤中水、生态水、环境水、生产水、生活水 ;统一计算土资源中的土壤资源、沙资源、沙石资源 ,真正按照地理系统工程来建设黄河。  相似文献   

西安翠华山山崩地质遗迹资源保护   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5  

吴成基  孟彩萍 《山地学报》2002,20(6):757-760

文论述了西安翠华山山崩地质遗迹资源保护的目的，进行了保护分区，将其分为核心保护区、缓冲区和视域保护区三个区，重点分析了核心保护区的保护现状，并在此基础上提出了相应的保护内容和对策，以实现山崩地质遗迹资源的可持续利用和发展。  相似文献