湿热力平流参数在一次华北暴雨模拟诊断中的应用研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王成鑫  高守亭  梁钊明  梁莉 《气候与环境研究》2014,19(6):753-762

对2011年7月24~25日发生在华北地区的一次暴雨过程进行了分析,并以NCEP资料为初值场对此次暴雨过程进行了数值模拟,结合实况对模拟结果进行对比分析。分析表明:模式对本次华北暴雨的模拟比较成功,基本反映出了本次暴雨过程的降水分布特点。利用湿热力平流参数对本次华北地区的降水落区进行了诊断分析。分析指出,湿热力平流参数纬向平均的垂直剖面图上,湿热力平流参数的高值区及大值中心与地面的强降水雨区对应得较好,其梯度大小及向上延伸高度均可以定性地指示降水的强弱;垂直积分的湿热力平流参数与地面6 h强降水落区具有较好的对应关系,而在示踪弱降水区时效果并不是很好,其大值中心并不与强降水中心完全重叠,而是其梯度大值区与降水中心相对应;垂直积分的湿热力平流参数与6 h累积地面降水的空间分布特征和时间演变趋势比较相似,并且其变化趋势能反映降水的发展和消弱。  相似文献   

一次人工增雨作业中CA—FCM与其他评估方案的比较研究     

房彬  ;肖辉  ;班显秀  ;宫蔚蔚 《辽宁气象》2008,(4):13-18

根据2002年4月5日河南省人工催化增雨作业数据,分别采用作业区域趋势对比双比分析评估方案、区域趋势相关回归评估方案、区域趋势协变量多元回归评估方案、FCM（浮动对比区历史回归）评估方案、以降水量为协变量的CA—FCM评估方案和以降水量与整层大气可降水量为协变量的CA—FCM评估方案进行效果评估。结果表明：协变量由降水量和整层大气降水量2个组成的CA—FCM方法,由于引入了不受催化影响的物理协变量作为控制因子．以及采用了聚类分析提高了对比区和影响区相关性,其评估效果最好,显著水平高于0．05;其他评估方法评估效果较差。  相似文献   

黑龙江省年降水量和年平均气温序列均一性检验     

国世友  周振伟  侯兆滨 《黑龙江气象》2008,25(1):6-8

采用SNHT方法和台站历史沿革信息对黑龙江省62个地面观测站1961～2006年年降水量和年平均气温序列进行了均一性检验。结果表明：台站迁移、仪器更换等是造成黑龙江省年降水量序列非均一性的主要原因;年平均气温序列非均一性主要是由于仪器更换、台站迁移、观测时制变化等原因引起。  相似文献   

CHARACTERISTICS OF MEI-YU PRECIPITATION AND SVD ANALYSIS OF PRECIPITATION OVER THE YANGTZE-HUAIHE RIVERS VALLEYS AND THE SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE IN THE NORTHERN PACIFIC OCEAN     

毛文书  王谦谦  彭骏  李永华 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2008,14(2):129-132

Based on the precipitation data of Meiyu at 37 stations in the valleys of Yangtze and Huaihe Rivers from 1954 to 2001, the temporal-spatial characteristics of Meiyu precipitation and their relationships with the sea surface temperature in northern Pacific are investigated using such methods as harmonic analysis, empirical orthogonal function (EOF), composite analysis and singular value decomposition (SVD). The results show that the temporal evolution and spatial distribution of Meiyu precipitation are not homogeneous in the Yangtze-Huaihe Rivers basins but with prominent inter-annual and inter-decadal variabilities. The key region between the anomalies of Meiyu precipitation and the monthly sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) lies in the west wind drift of North Pacific, which influences the precipitation anomaly of Meiyu precipitation over a key period of time from January to March in the same year. When the SST in the North Pacific west wind drift is warmer (colder) than average during these months, Meiyu precipitation anomalously increases (decreases) in the concurrent year. Results of SVD are consistent with those of composite analysis which pass the significance test of Monte-Carlo at 0.05.  相似文献   

基于RAMS/CFORS Ⅱ模式一次低空核试验放射性烟云扩散的数值模拟     

张彦  郑毅  王自发 《气候与环境研究》2008,13(6)

采用RAMS／CFORS Ⅱ模式模拟了一次低空核试验烟云的传输和沉降过程。CFORS Ⅱ模式是在RAMS／CFORS模式的基础上开发的,可用于对核试验放射性烟云长距离输送和沉降过程的模拟研究。模拟表明：对流层中低层的低压槽系统对本次低空核试验烟云的水平传输和垂直扩散起着重要的影响作用;烟云的长距离传输速度呈现出随高度递减而减小的趋势,在6000m以上,烟云在爆后48h即东移入海,6000m以下,烟云在中国大陆的扩散和沉降维持了5d以上;爆后2天内以大粒子沉降为主,其后以小粒子沉降为主,小粒子的放射性远小于大粒子,在爆后第4天,放射性沉降就减小了3个量级,而小粒子的沉降范围是大粒子的5倍以上。通过模拟和观测对比表明,模拟结果基本符合实际烟云的传输和沉降态势。  相似文献   

浅谈地图册的设计与编制     

胡捷 《测绘与空间地理信息》2005,28(4):94-96

地图大众化时代悄然而至,缺少地图常识和制作不规范的“垃圾地图”误导人们,给人们生活带来极大不便。时尚、规范的地图册成为时代的需要,本文阐述了设计和编制地图册的一些科学方法和步骤,愿与同行们交流。  相似文献   

Prediction of pile settlement using artificial neural networks based on standard penetration test data   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

F. Pooya Nejad  Mark B. Jaksa  M. Kakhi  Bryan A. McCabe 《Computers and Geotechnics》2009,36(7):1125-1133

In recent years artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been applied to many geotechnical engineering problems with some degree of success. With respect to the design of pile foundations, accurate prediction of pile settlement is necessary to ensure appropriate structural and serviceability performance. In this paper, an ANN model is developed for predicting pile settlement based on standard penetration test (SPT) data. Approximately 1000 data sets, obtained from the published literature, are used to develop the ANN model. In addition, the paper discusses the choice of input and internal network parameters which were examined to obtain the optimum model. Finally, the paper compares the predictions obtained by the ANN with those given by a number of traditional methods. It is demonstrated that the ANN model outperforms the traditional methods and provides accurate pile settlement predictions.  相似文献   

Numerical modeling of reservoirs or pipes in groundwater seepage     

Robert P. Chapuis 《Computers and Geotechnics》2009

In groundwater studies, the numerical modeling of complex boundary conditions can be made easier by considering reservoirs and pipes as “reservoir” finite elements, which can store or release large volumes of water at almost constant hydraulic head. The numerical code to be used must solve the complete conservation equation with unlinked functions for the water retention curve and the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, and the ability to describe these as step functions. Four examples illustrate the performance of the “reservoir” element: reservoir pumping, laboratory variable-head permeability test, vertical flow in an open borehole, and pumping test with well storage.  相似文献   

Pile foundation analysis and design using experimental data and 3-D numerical analysis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Emilios M. Comodromos  Mello C. Papadopoulou  Ioannis K. Rentzeperis 《Computers and Geotechnics》2009

Capacity based design of pile foundations limits the soil-structure interaction mechanism to group bearing capacity estimation, neglecting, in most cases, the contribution of the raft. On the other hand, a straightforward, nonlinear, 3-D analysis, accounting for soil and structural nonlinearities and the effects arising from pile–soil–pile interaction, would be extremely high CPU-time demanding and will necessitate the use of exceptionally powerful numerical tools. With the aim of investigating the most efficient, precise, and economical design for a bridge foundation, a hybrid method, compatible with the notion of sub-structuring is proposed. It is based on both experimental data and nonlinear 3-D analysis. The first step to achieve these targets is a back-analysis of a static pile load test, fitting values for soil shear strength, deformation modulus, and shear strength mobilization at the soil–pile interface. Subsequently, the response of 2 × 2 and 3 × 3 pile group configurations is numerically established and the distribution of the applied load to the raft and the characteristic piles is discussed. Finally, a design strategy for an optimized design of pile raft foundations subjected to non-uniform vertical loading is proposed.  相似文献   

Numerical modelling of soil nails in loose fill slope under surcharge loading     

Y.D. Zhou  C.Y. Cheuk  L.G. Tham 《Computers and Geotechnics》2009

A plane–strain numerical model has been developed to mimic a nailed loose fill slope under surcharge loading. The model has been used to back-analyse a field test that was conducted to examine the behaviour of soil nails in loose fill slopes under surcharge loading. Incremental elasto-plastic analyses coupled with pore water diffusion have been performed to study the internal deformation, water content redistribution in the soil, and the performance of the soil nails during and after the application of surcharge loading. The model parameters describing the mechanical and hydraulic properties of the nailed slope were obtained from field or laboratory tests. Different modelling techniques and boundary conditions for mimicking soil–nail interaction in loose fill material have been examined. Comparisons between numerical predictions and field measurements demonstrate that a new interfacial model, denoted as the embedded bond–slip interface model, is more suitable for mimicking the interfacial behaviour. Despite the simplicity of the numerical model, the predicted responses are in close agreement with the field test results, in particular the mobilisation and distribution of nail forces in response to surcharge loading. Both the numerical and the field test results suggest that soil nails are capable of increasing the overall stability of a loose fill slope for the loading conditions considered in this study. The increase in confining stress along the soil nails near the surcharge area is central to the overall stabilising mechanism. On the contrary, the nail forces mobilised near the nail heads are much smaller, indicating that the beneficial effect of having a structural grillage system at the slope face is limited for the range of surcharge pressures considered in this study.  相似文献