水溶气非常规资源及其脱溶成藏     

徐思煌 《地质科技情报》2010,29(1)

在气源和水体充足的前提下,天然气溶解于水主要受溶解度控制。天然气溶解度明显随压力增大而增大、在温度为80℃左右时取得最小值、随水的矿化度增加而轻微降低;气组分溶解度的顺序大致为:CO2N2C1C2C3C4。估计全球水溶气资源量高达常规气资源量的百余倍,是重要的非常规天然气资源。在含油气盆地的深部以及生烃坳陷附近的异常高压带,天然气溶解度大、水溶气相对富集,有利于形成高压地热型水溶气藏。当遇到后期构造大幅抬升、深断裂输导及异常高压释放时,水溶气发生脱溶,析出游离气并形成常规气藏。这种水溶、脱溶机制有效缓解了高演化盆地烃源形成早与圈闭定型晚之间的矛盾。国内外一些超大型气田(藏)的形成被认为与水溶气脱溶成藏有关。分析油气田水中的溶解气、气藏气以及含烃流体包裹体的化学组成及碳同位素组成,有助于重建地史时期天然气的水溶、脱溶过程。  相似文献   

东辛油田沙三中亚段沉积特征与油藏分布规律          下载免费PDF全文

陈秀艳  姜在兴  师晶  徐杰 《沉积与特提斯地质》2010,30(4):19-23

东辛油田沙三中亚段发育大量与三角洲前缘滑塌相伴生的坡移浊积扇、滑塌浊积扇、远源浊积岩以及洪水成因的水下碎屑流,发育岩性油藏及岩性-构造油藏。纵向上,湖退体系域早期准层序组PS7～PS5是最主要的油气富集层位,其次为湖侵体系域PS8;平面上,各准层序组西部油气富集程度好于东部,含油储层主要为滑塌浊积扇及部分远源浊积岩,其次为坡移浊积扇。油气分布主要受宏观沉积相带、构造、微观储集物性和成岩作用等多种因素控制,距油源远近控制油藏纵向有利层位,砂体成因类型控制着平面有利区带。  相似文献   

Turbidite system architecture and sedimentary processes along topographically complex slopes: the Makran convergent margin     

JULIEN BOURGET  SEBASTIEN ZARAGOSI  NADINE ELLOUZ‐ZIMMERMANN  NICOLAS MOUCHOT  THIERRY GARLAN  JEAN‐LUC SCHNEIDER  VALENTINE LANFUMEY  SIGFRIED LALLEMANT 《Sedimentology》2011,58(2):376-406

This study investigates the morphology and Late Quaternary sediment distribution of the Makran turbidite system (Makran subduction zone, north‐west Indian Ocean) from a nearly complete subsurface mapping of the Oman basin, two‐dimensional seismic and a large set of coring data in order to characterize turbidite system architecture across an active (fold and thrust belt) margin. The Makran turbidite system is composed of a dense network of canyons, which cut into high relief accreted ridges and intra‐slope piggyback basins, forming at some locations connected and variably tortuous paths down complex slopes. Turbidite activity and trench filling rates are high even during the Holocene sea‐level highstand conditions. In particular, basin‐wide, sheet‐like thick mud turbidites, probably related to major mass wasting events of low recurrence time, drape the flat and unchannellized Oman abyssal plain. Longitudinal depth profiles show that the Makran canyons are highly disrupted by numerous thrust‐related large‐scale knickpoints (with gradients up to 20° and walls up to 500 m high). At the deformation front, the strong break of slope can lead to the formation of canyon‐mouth ‘plunge pools’ of variable shapes and sizes. The plunge pools observed in the western Makran are considerably larger than those previously described in sub‐surface successions; the first insights into their internal architecture and sedimentary processes are presented here. Large plunge pools in the western Makran are associated with large scoured areas at the slope break and enhanced sediment deposition downstream: high‐amplitude reflectors are observed inside the plunge pools, while their flanks are composed of thin‐bedded, fine‐grained turbidites deposited by the uppermost part of the turbidity flows. Thus, these architectural elements are associated with strong sediment segregation leading to specific trench‐fill mechanisms, as only the finer‐grained component of the flows is transferred to the abyssal plain. However, the Makran accretionary prism is characterized by strong along‐strike variability in tectonics and fluvial input distribution that might directly influence the turbidite system architecture (i.e. canyon entrenchment, plunge pool formation or channel development at canyon mouths), the sedimentary dynamics and the resulting sediment distribution. Channel formation in the abyssal plain and trench‐fill characteristics depend on the theoretical ‘equilibrium’ conditions of the feeder system, which is related closely to the balance between erosion rates and tectonic regime. Thus, the Makran turbidite system constitutes an excellent modern analogue for deep‐water sedimentary systems with structurally complex depocentres, in convergent margin settings.  相似文献   

Step–pool evolution in the Rio Cordon,northeastern Italy     

Mario A. Lenzi 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2001,26(9):991-1008

The principle that formative events, punctuated by periods of evolution, recovery or temporary periods of steady‐state conditions, control the development of the step–pool morphology, has been applied to the evolution of the Rio Cordon stream bed. The Rio Cordon is a small catchment (5 km²) within the Dolomites wherein hydraulic parameters of floods and the coarse bedload are recorded. Detailed field surveys of the step–pool structures carried out before and after the September 1994 and October 1998 floods have served to illustrate the control on step–pool changes by these floods. Floods were grouped into two categories. The first includes ‘ordinary’ events which are characterized by peak discharges with a return time of one to five years (1·8–5·15 m³ s^?1) and by an hourly bedload rate not exceeding 20 m³ h^?1. The second refers to ‘exceptional’ events with a return time of 30–50 years. A flood of this latter type occurred on 14 September 1994, with a peak discharge of 10·4 m³ s^?1 and average hourly bedload rate of 324 m³ h^?1. Step–pool features were characterized primarily by a steepness parameter c = (H/L_s)/S. The evolution of the steepness parameter was measured in the field from 1992 to 1998. The results indicate that maximum resistance conditions are gradually reached at the end of a series of ordinary flood events. During this period, bed armouring dominate the sediment transport response. However, following an extraordinary flood and unlimited sediment supply conditions, the steepness factor can suddenly decrease as a result of sediment trapped in the pools and a lengthening of step spacing. The analogy of step spacing with antidune wavelength and the main destruction and transformation mechanism of the steps are also discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

论山东东营、惠民盆地油田水与油气聚集关系   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7  

李春光 《地质论评》1994,40(4):340-346

山东东营、惠民盆地的油源断裂,即沟通生油岩与非生油岩的同生断裂发育区,出现了油田水的高含盐度分布带。它不仅与已知油气藏的分布相一致,而且水的含盐度异常值与石油储量之间呈正相关。笔者以东辛、现河庄和临商油田为例,分析了油田水与油气藏形成的成因和伴生关系,还用相关曲线定量预测了盆地新区石油地质储量,并经钻探证实其可靠性。  相似文献   

分形在石油勘探开发中的应用     

王域辉 《地质科技情报》1993,12(1):101-104

本文简述了分形在下列几方面的研究成果,即沉积岩孔隙、岩石物性、油田构造和分布、粘滞指进与采油、油藏描述和评价、裂缝油藏。  相似文献   

四川宣汉盘龙洞晚二叠世生物礁古油藏剖面序列   总被引：14，自引：3，他引：11       下载免费PDF全文

牟传龙  谭钦银  余谦  王立全 《沉积与特提斯地质》2003,23(3):60-64

盘龙洞生物礁发育于上二叠统长兴组的中上部,厚度约80m。生物礁主要为浅灰色块状海绵障积岩、海绵骨架岩。造礁生物主要为房室海绵、水螅、苔藓虫等;附礁生物主要为腕足、瓣鳃及腹足等;造架生物含量约为38％～50％;充填物为泥晶方解石,含量为50％～70％;孔洞丰富,多被方解石晶体充填,孔洞间连通性好。该生物礁及其上下地层均有大量的沥青,揭示着有过油气的运移过程。沥青充填可以分为两期：第一期充填于生物骨架孔隙、粒间孔隙、海绵体腔和都分其他生物体腔孔隙中;第二期主要充填于后期裂骧和次生孔隙中,该期的沥青广泛分布于生物礁和整个礁的盖层之中（包括亮晶砂屑灰岩和白云岩）,规模较大,含沥青的地层总厚度达120m左右。  相似文献   

Distribution of Large Volume Image Data Using the Mixed Mode of Java Servlet and COM on Web   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

WANGMi ZHUXinyan PANJun CHENNengcheng 《地球空间信息科学学报》2004,7(3):167-172

This paper reports some researches on distribution of large volume image data using techniques of the Mixed Mode of Java Servlet and COM on Web. The architecture and key technologies are discussed in detail. The web distribution system of image is implemented and the system is tested by the application instances. At last, the advantages and disadvantages for this web image distribution mode are analyzed.  相似文献   

Longitudinal velocity patterns and bed morphology interaction in a rill   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Rafael Gimnez  Olivier Planchon  Norbert Silvera  Gerard Govers 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2004,29(1):105-114

Present‐day understanding of rill dynamics is hampered by a lack of detailed data on velocity distributions in rills. The latter are dif?cult to collect with traditional techniques due to the very low water depths and the relatively high ?ow velocities in rills. The objectives of this paper were to investigate the feasibility of miniaturized acoustic Doppler velocimeter (mADV) measurements in rill ?ow and to explore longitudinal variations in ?ow velocities and their relationship with rill bed morphology. Detailed data on longitudinal ?ow velocity were required to achieve these objectives. A 1·8 m long rill was formed freely in a ?ume at 5° slope and 0·001 m³ s^?1 discharge. Rill topography was characterized by an alternation of steps and pools. The ?ume surface was then ?xed to preserve rill roughness. A topographical scanning of the entire ?ume surface was made. Velocity was measured with a mADV along the rill, and at different depths. Flow depth in a longitudinal direction was also measured using an elevation gauge. A strong relationship exists between rill topography and ?ow hydraulics. Over steps, ?ow was unidirectional and rapidly accelerating until a threshold Froude number (Fn) value between 1·3 and 1·7 was reached and a hydraulic jump occurred leading to the formation of a pool. In the pool, the ?ow pattern was multidirectional and complex. The ?ow was subcritical when leaving the pool and accelerated over the next step until the threshold Froude number value was again reached. Energy loss in the rill was concentrated in the pools, mainly due to the action of a hydraulic jump. This mechanism of energy dissipation appeared to be an essential factor in rill formation and bedform evolution. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Morphological effects of local scouring in step–pool streams     

Francesco Comiti  Andrea Andreoli  Mario A. Lenzi 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2005,30(12):1567-1581

Step–pool morphology characterizes many high‐gradient streams in a variety of natural settings, but formative processes and evolutionary dynamics are still poorly understood. In this paper, natural step–pool geometry is compared with steep alluvial channels where grade‐control structures such as check‐dams and bed sills make the stream profile resemble a natural stepped stream. Along these channels, local scouring due to falling jets forms plunge pools under each structure, analogous to natural steps determining the formation of pools. In order to test the hypothesis that natural pools are analogous to pools formed below grade‐control works with respect to their dimensions, shape and formative dynamics, 37 natural pools and 73 artificial pools were surveyed in 10 mountain streams of the eastern Italian Alps. Pools below grade‐control works featured a transitional zone between the scour hole and the downstream sloping bed, marked by a depositional berm. When geometric parameters such as maximum pool depth, length and step–berm distances are normalized to the jet virtual energy, no statistically significant differences were detected between natural and artificial systems. These results lend support to an upstream‐forced cascade model for step–pool formation, where the energy of falling jets controls the geometry of the pools, and is therefore regarded as the most important scaling‐independent variable. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献