应用X射线源的航天器姿态测量   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨廷高  陈鼎 《时间频率学报》2009,32(1):70-80

在介绍X射线源和X射线探测器、准直器的基础上,重点描述了应用X射线源测量航天器姿态参数的原理和方法。对X射线星扫描仪的结构、扫描观测X射线源方法和矩形准直器响应函数等做了介绍,较详细地论述了应用单准直器X射线星扫描仪和差分准直器X射线星扫描仪确定航天器姿态参数的测量模型,并进行了二者间的比较和分析。简单讨论了X射线星扫描仪测量建模和应用测量模型拟合航天器姿态参数的算法问题。最后,对采用编码孔径系统确定航天器姿态参数的方法做了概括性介绍。  相似文献   

Orbital X-ray modulation study of three supergiant HMXBs     

Chetana Jain  Biswajit Paul  Anjan Dutta 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2009,9(12)

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形态学在X-射线检测中的应用     

王跃华  韩焱  崔青松 《CT理论与应用研究》2005,14(4):5-9

本文以射线检测发动机图像为研究对象,通过与传统分割算法相比较,同时结合最新发展的数学理论及数字图像处理技术,采用了一种有效分割方法,使其在提取效果和处理速度上都能获得预期的满意结果.  相似文献   

工业CT图像的伪影成因和校正方法综述   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

谷建伟  张丽  陈志强  邢宇翔  高河伟 《CT理论与应用研究》2005,14(3):24-28

X射线CT在工业无损检测、医学、安检等领域发挥着重要的作用.但在实际检测中,CT系统重建的图像存在各种伪影.本文从CT的系统整体设计、X射线管和探测器等角度综述了影响伪影形成的各种因素,并对每种伪影的成因作了归纳;针对这些伪影,跟踪近些年文献中主要的校正方法作了介绍,并对这些校正方法作了比较、讨论和小结.  相似文献   

A workflow for exploration sampling in regolith-dominated terranes using portable X-ray fluorescence: comparison with laboratory data and a case study   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M. F. Gazley  L. C. Bonnett  L. A. Fisher  W. Salama  J. H. Price 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2017,64(7):903-917

This paper presents and validates a workflow that provides for the rapid collection of reliable and robust portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) data in a regolith-dominated exploration setting. The analysis of regolith material by pXRF is challenging because of its variable Fe content (e.g. 0 to >70 wt%) that results in large matrix effects, which can be mitigated with appropriate standards. Here, we present a dataset from the Western Mount Isa Inlier, Queensland, Australia, comprising soil, lag, rock and rotary air blast (RAB) samples. In the soil dataset, comparison of the laboratory and pXRF datasets for Cu, Pb and Zn have R² > 0.9, and Cu and Zn fall within 2% of the laboratory data, while Pb is 77% less than the corresponding laboratory analyses. Iron, Al, K and Ca by pXRF perform reasonably well when compared with the laboratory data (R² = 0.59 for Al, R² > 0.9 for Fe, K and Ca, <25% variation from the laboratory data), while Mn, Rb and Sr have very good correlations (<8% variation) with R² > 0.94. Titanium, Zr, Ni, Cr and As have poorer comparisons. Overall, the RAB dataset shows similar trends with Cu overestimated by 17%, Zn underestimated by 4% and Pb overestimated by 69%; R² for all elements is >0.92. Since no suitable standards are available, the solid rock dataset was uncorrected; despite this limitation, the dataset shows good correlations with the laboratory data for many elements, and Cu is overestimated by 9.8% with an R² = 0.87. The poor analytical performance of Pb in all datasets is associated with erroneous Bi concentrations being reported by the pXRF unit. When high Fe and Pb amounts are present in a sample, erroneous Pb and Bi concentrations are reported, owing to a pile-up of the Fe K_α peak (6.405 keV) at ～12.8 keV, which is proximal to the Pb L_β (12.614 keV) and Bi L_β (13.023 keV) peaks. Despite the care that is required in validating data, by using pXRF there is substantial opportunity for dynamic exploration campaigns in regolith-dominated terranes with rapid turnaround times, additional elements that may not otherwise be analysed for and low analytical costs. Decisions to stop, continue or infill drill holes while the drill rig is present can be made in near-real time, and not after laboratory results are available and the drill rig has left the area.  相似文献   

应用扫描电镜与X射线能谱仪研究柳江盆地上石盒子组砂岩孔隙与矿物成分特征          下载免费PDF全文

张俊杰  吴泓辰  何金先  孙勇  张晓丽 《地质找矿论丛》2017,32(3):434-439

柳江盆地是国家级地质遗迹自然保护区,位于河北省秦皇岛市北部的燕山脚下。该区内的二叠系上石盒子组砂岩的岩石学研究工作多集中于宏观野外地质观测,缺少微观尺度下对上石盒子组孔隙特征和矿物组分特征的研究。本文在野外地质观察与剖面实测基础上,采用扫描电镜和X射线能谱测试,分析了柳江盆地上石盒子组砂岩的孔隙特征与成分特征。结果表明,柳江盆地上石盒子组以含砾粗砂岩、中砂岩与粉砂岩-泥岩互层为主,具有"二元结构"。扫描电镜下观察发现上石盒子组砂岩孔隙包括原生孔隙和次生孔隙两大类,次生孔隙依据孔隙形态与分布位置又可分为粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔、微裂隙和晶间微孔。砂岩矿物组成含量最多的矿物为石英和长石,其次为高岭石和绿泥石等黏土矿物;黏土矿物的种类组合特征表明,上石盒子组砂岩处于中成岩阶段早期。  相似文献   

3D Pore-network quantitative analysis in deformed carbonate grainstones     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2017

This study consists of a three-dimensional (3D) assessment of the pore network properties (i.e., porosity, pore connectivity, specific surface area) in deformed carbonate grainstones cropping out in Sicily and Abruzzo regions (Italy). Previous studies, including microphotography, mercury injection analysis, and in-situ air permeameter measurements, have reported permeability differences (in the range of two-to-three orders of magnitude) between the carbonate grainstones exposed in Sicily and Abruzzo, that cannot be explained by only considering the differences of porosity. In this study, the pore network properties of suitable rock samples were studied by quantitative analysis of X-ray micro-CT images using both synchrotron and microfocus sources. On the basis of the results, inferences about the control of pore network properties on permeability were made for both host rock and deformation bands. In the host rocks, high values of connectivity seem to be associated with high values of permeability, whereas higher values of the specific surface area seem to correspond to lower permeability. Within the deformation bands (DBs), both porosity and pore connectivity are reduced except for local solution-enlarged stylolites and fractures (slip surfaces) preferentially connected parallel to the DB.  相似文献   

前瞻性心电门控技术80kV-CT冠脉造影的临床应用研究     

包丽薇 《CT理论与应用研究》2015,24(3):401-408

目的:评价80kV-CT冠脉造影图像质量与辐射剂量,明确其临床应用价值。方法:选取拟行CT冠状动脉造影的患者61例,随机分为两组。A组管电压设置为80kV,管电流300~450mA;B组管电压设置为120kV,管电流200~350mA。比较A和B两组的主观图像质量、客观图像质量(CT值、噪声值、SNR、CNR)及辐射剂量。P〈0.05认为差异有统计学意义。结果:A组平均得分3.36±0.68,B组平均得分4.58±0.67,A组与B组(t=-25.859,P=0.000)差异有统计学意义。A组可评估率为97.32%,B组可评估率为99.02%,A组与B组(χ2=3.276,P=0.070)差异无统计学意义。主动脉根部CT值,A组为(573.11±150.42)HU,B组为(428.41±95.32)HU,A组与B组(t=4.434,P=0.000)差异具有统计学意义;主动脉根部噪声值,A组为(43.32±12.25)HU,B组为(28.79±7.61)HU,A组与B组(t=5.488,P=0.000)差异具有统计学意义;主动脉根部SNR,A组为13.99±4.80,B组为14.78±3.50,A组与B组(t=-0.725,P=0.471)差异无统计学意义;主动脉根部CNR,A组为16.25±5.18,B组为18.82±4.65,A组与B组(t=-2.031,P=0.047)差异具有统计学意义;A组ED为(0.95±0.09)mSv,B组ED为(2.07±0.21)mSv,A组与B组(t=-28.052,P=0.000)差异有统计学意义。结论:通过适当提高管电流的80kV-CTCA可以大幅减低辐射剂量,而图像质量可满足诊断。   相似文献   

自身免疫性胰腺炎CT表现及随访分析     

张斌斌  张洁  靳二虎  张澍田  郑新  杨正汉  马大庆 《CT理论与应用研究》2015,24(3):421-428

目的:观察自身免疫性胰腺炎(AIP)CT表现及动态变化特征。方法:回顾性分析6例AIP患者的临床及CT资料,通过随访患者分析类固醇治疗前、后不同时期AIP的CT表现及转归。结果:类固醇治疗前,5例AIP患者CT见胰腺弥漫性肿大,1例胰头局限性肿大;CT增强扫描显示受累胰腺渐进性强化;2例CT见胰周低密度带;6例受累胰腺区胰管不可见;6例CT见胰腺段胆管壁增厚、管腔狭窄。类固醇治疗后,6例复查和4例远期随访患者CT显示胰腺进行性缩小,其中2例萎缩的胰腺实质呈渐进性强化;2例胰周低密度带消失;6例胆管恢复至正常管径。3例胰腺病变复发,其中2例胰腺弥漫性肿大,1例胰头局限性肿大伴胰体尾萎缩;3例受累胰腺区胰管不可见;1例胰体尾前方出现假性囊肿。结论:类固醇治疗前与病变复发时AIP的CT表现相似,主要包括胰腺弥漫性、局限性肿大以及受累胰腺区胰管不可见,治疗后CT复查及随访可见胰腺进行性缩小或胰腺萎缩。   相似文献   

FLASH扫描在冠状动脉CTA双低中的应用研究     

梁昱  张晓琴  张凯  张飞飞  王敏  刘瑞  段呼兵 《CT理论与应用研究》2015,24(5):637-645

目的:探讨在100kV管电压条件下应用碘克沙醇低碘浓度(270mgI/mL)对比剂,结合大螺距前瞻性心电门控螺旋扫描(FLASH spiral)模式和正弦波迭代重建技术(SAFIRE)行冠状动脉CT成像(CCTA)的可行性。方法:收集接受CCTA检查且心率≤70次/min的患者60例,随机分为A、B两组。A组患者采用FLASH spiral扫描模式,扫描管电压100kV,碘对比剂浓度为270mgI/mL,应用迭代重建技术(SAFIRE),重建卷积核I26f;B组患者采用前瞻性心电门控序列扫描模式,扫描管电压为120kV,碘对比剂浓度为370mgI/mL,采用滤波反投影重建(FBP),重建卷积核B26f,比较两组患者CCTA图像质量与有效射线剂量的差异性。结果:①两组患者年龄、心率和BMI比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。②图像质量:两组图像质量主观评价比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组图像质量客观评价比较,A、B两组在左冠状动脉主干的SD和SNR数值差异有统计学意义外(P<0.05),其他指标差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。③辐射剂量:A组平均有效射线剂量为(0.94±0.05)mSv,B组(4.31±1.21)mSv,两组的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组有效剂量较B组大幅减低,降幅约达78.2%。结论:100kV管电压条件下应用碘克沙醇低碘浓度(270mgI/mL)对比剂,结合FLASH扫描模式和SAFIRE行CCTA检查,图像质量可以满足临床诊断需要,与一般前瞻性心电门控序列扫描相比,有效剂量降低约78.2%。   相似文献